Health Education for Elderly: from Organization to Practice of the Nurse / Educação em Saúde na Terceira Idade: da Organização à Prática do Enfermeiro

For the effectiveness of actions of health education, the presence of professionals prepared for the care of the elderly population, besides the context of the cure or rehabilitation of the diseases, are required. The main objective of the study was to understand the health education actions implemented by nurses for the elderly in the Family Health Strategy (FHS). It was characterized as a descriptive research with qualitative approach, where the participants were 9 nurses filed in the FHS of the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte-CE. A checklist and a semistructured interview script were used as instruments for data collection. The results included questions related to the way nurses organized and implemented health education actions focused on the elderly, as well as a reflection on the effectiveness of those actions. Thus, the organization of actions, based on health indicators and technical standards, needs to be broader, implying the reorientation of such practices so that they promote the health of the elderly population effectively and are not be restricted to specific pathologies. From these analyzes, it is necessary that professionals, with emphasis on nurses for this research, observe that their organizations and educational practices need to be worked in a differentiated way, seeking the needs of the community and providing a higher quality of life. (AU)

Um ponto crucial para a efetividade de ações de educação em saúde encontra-se na presença de profissionais preparados para o cuidado da população idosa, indo além do contexto da cura ou reabilitação das enfermidades. O principal objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em compreender as ações de educação em saúde implementadas por enfermeiros para a pessoa idosa na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Tratando-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, onde os participantes foram 9 enfermeiras lotadas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município do Juazeiro do Norte-CE. Um checklist e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Os resultados englobaram questões referentes à forma como os enfermeiros organizavam e implementavam as ações de educação em saúde com foco em idosos, além de ser feita uma reflexão sobre a efetividade dessas ações. Desse modo, tem-se que a organização das ações, baseadas em indicadores de saúde e normas técnicas, necessita de uma maior abrangência, implicando na reorientação dessas práticas para que de fato promovam a saúde da população idosa e não se restrinjam a patologias específicas. A partir dessas análises é necessário que os profissionais, com ênfase nos enfermeiros para essa pesquisa, possam observar que suas organizações e práticas educativas necessitam ser trabalhadas de forma diferenciada, buscando as necessidades da comunidade e gerando uma maior qualidade de vida. (AU)

Antiulcerogenic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Annona muricata Linnaeus in mice.

Annona muricata Linnaeus, popularly known as "graviola" and also called soursop, is a species typical of countries with a tropical climate, and it is used in folk medicine as an anticancer, analgesic and antispasmodic agent. The aim of the present study was to validate the gastroprotective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of A. muricata (HEAM) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action for this effect. Gastric lesions were induced in mice by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin. Before, the animals were pretreated with saline, omeprazole or HEAM orally at doses of 50-400 mg/kg. To determine the mechanism of action of the extract, we investigated, using specific inhibitors, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PGEs), ATP-dependent K+ channels and α2-noradrenergic receptors. HEAM showed significant antiulcer activity against lesions induced by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin, which was mediated by endogenous gastric prostaglandins.

Potentiation of antibiotic activity by Passiflora cincinnata Mast. front of strains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

The development of new drugs from plants is an interesting alternative approach to overcoming microbial resistance. Passiflora cincinnata shows resistance to diseases and pests and a higher concentration of chemical components that may be useful in the pharmaceutical industry. We investigated the potential antimicrobial and antibiotic-modifying activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves, stems, bark, pulp and seeds of P. cincinnata. The extracts were prepared by homogenization of material in 50% ethanol. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth dilution method, and the bacterial strains tested were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibiotic-modifying activity was evaluated against the strains S. aureus 03 and E. coli 08, using a subinhibitory concentration of extract. The antibiotics tested were: amikacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, potassium benzylpenicillin and oxacillin. The extracts did not show antimicrobial activity of clinical relevance, where the MIC was equal to or greater than 1024 µg/mL. S. aureus showed 13 events, while E. coli showed only 4 events. Among these events, 14 involved synergistic activity, potentiating the effect of the antibiotics, and only 3 events demonstrated antagonistic activity toward ampicillin. Hydroalcoholic extracts are potential antimicrobial agents when combined with conventional drugs little utilized in in vivo treatment.

Perfil Epidemiológico de Usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial em Pernambuco, Brasil / Epidemiological Profile of a Psychosocial Care Center's Users in Pernambuco, Brazil

Para garantir a ressocialização e a cidadania de pacientes, com doenças psíquicas, é preciso conhecê-los em seu contexto familiar, social e comunitário e, assim, traçar uma rede de atenção que assista às suas necessidades. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos usuários de um C entro de Atenção Psicossocial CAPS I, em Exu, Pernambuco, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de formulários sociais, epidemiológicos e clínicos disponíveis no serviço. As informações colhidas foram analisadas se utilizando o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 21.0 e os dados foram apresentados, por meio de gráficos e tabelas de frequências simples absolutas e relativas, com variáveis sociais e epidemiológicas e clínicas. Houve entre 35,6% dos pacientes com internações psiquiátricas antes da adesão ao serviço oferecido no CAPS, ocorrendo após o início do tratamento uma significativa redução (89,8%) nos casos de reinternação. A maioria (64,4%) dos pacientes possui antecedentes familiares com diagnóstico positivo. A patologia prevalente, tanto na hipótese diagnóstica (13,6%), quanto no diagnóstico atual (11,9%) foi F 20 - Esquizofrenia. O total de 79,7% dos pacientes permanece ativo no serviço e 64,4% sob modalidade semi-intensiva. As variáveis clínicas indicam a importância do tratamento na melhoria das condições clínicas dos usuários. A característica de antecedentes familiares indica a hereditariedade dos distúrbios mentais. Apesar da lacuna nas informações, constatou-se a Esquizofrenia e suas formas como doença mais prevalente. As informações dos prontuários precisam ser anotadas, valorizadas e utilizadas para traçar o plano terapêutico mais apropriado para cada indivíduo. (AU)

To ensure the rehabilitation and citizenship of patients with mental illness, it is necessary to know them in their family, social and community context, and thus define a care network to assist their needs. This study aimed to identify the Users' epidemiological profile of the Psychosocial Care Center (PCC) in Exú, Pernambuco, Brazil. Data were collected through socio-demographic and clinical forms available on the service. The information collected was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS version 21.0, and the data were presented through graphs and tables of simple absolute and relative frequencies, with socio-epidemiological and clinical variables. There was between 35.6% of psychiatric hospitalizations before subscribing to the service offered in PCC, occurring after the beginning of the treatment a significant reduction (89.8%) in cases of readmission. The majority (64.4%) of the patients had a family history with a positive diagnosis. The prevalent pathology in diagnostic hypothesis (13.6%) and the current diagnosis (11.9%) was F 20 - Schizophrenia. The total of 79.7% of patients remain active in service and 64.4% under semi-intensive mode. The clinical variables indicate the importance of treatment in improving the users' clinical conditions. The characteristic of family history indicates the inheritance of mental disorders. Despite the gaps in information, it was found Schizophrenia and their forms the most prevalent disease. The information from medical records need to be valued and used to define the most appropriate treatment plan for each user. (AU)

Mulher e climatério: concepções de usuárias de uma unidade básica de saúde / Woman and climaterio: conceptions of users of a basic health unit

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção da mulher na vivência do climatério. Método: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS), em Crato (CE). Participaram 17 mulheres cadastradas pela UBS. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada. Foram organizados em categorias temáticas e examinados pela técnica da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os dados foram organizados em três categorias temáticas: Conceitos das mulheres sobre o climatério e sintomas mais prevalentes; Impacto do climatério na saúde da mulher e Procura ao serviço de saúde nesse período. As alterações fisiológicas mais relatadas foram: ondas de calor, dores de cabeça, insônia, enjoo e fadiga. A maioria das mulheres não conhecia o significado da palavra climatério, que correlacionava com a menopausa. Percebeu­se que boa parte delas também não procurou assistência profissional. Conclusão: Notou­se a necessidade de implantação e implementação nas UBS de estratégias específicas para as mulheres no período do climatério, não apenas por meio da ampliação dos serviços já existentes, como também pela criação de programas específicos que possibilitem corresponder à demanda vigente.(AU)

Objective: the present study aims to understand the women's perception of the climacteric experience. Analyzing how is provided the nursing care for this audience. Method: This is a qualitative study, developed in a Basic Health Unit (BHU), headquartered in the municipality of Crato­CE. Participated in this study 17 women registered by UBS. Data collection was through a script of semiestruturada interview. Data was organized into thematic categories, being analyzed by the technique of content analysis. Results: Data were organized into three thematic categories: Women's Concepts about climacteric and most prevalent symptoms; Climacteric Impact to Women's Health and Search to health services during this period. The most reported physiological changes were: hot flashes, headaches, insomnia, nausea and fatigue. Was showed that most of the women did not know the meaning of the word menopause, correlating the climacteric with menopause. It was noticed that most of them did not seek any professional assistance. Conclusion: Was noted the need for establishment and implementation of specific strategies for women in climacteric period in UBS, not only through the expansion of services already covered, as well as the formulation of specific programs that make it possible to match current demand.(AU)

Uso de recursos naturais para o tratamento das doenças prevalentes na infância / Use of natural resources for treatment of childhood illness

Objetivo: identificar e realizar uma análise do uso de recursos naturais para tratamento de doenças prevalentes na infância em uma comunidade sob a perspectiva do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, onde adotou-se como estratégia metodológica a construção do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, sendo transcritos e para sua análise foi utilizado o Qualiquantisoft. Resultados: foram ao todo 54 informantes, as respostas ressaltaram a utilização de recursos naturais para o tratamento de doenças prevalentes na infância, sendo identificada nas ideias centrais e Discursos do Sujeito Coletivo encontrados. Evidenciou-se o uso dos recursos naturais no tratamento de doenças em crianças como alternativa ou complemento ao tratamento farmacológico, sendo expressada ainda grande confiabilidade nos resultados do seu uso. Conclusão: a utilização do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo representou uma importante ferramenta para a obtenção dos dados, possibilitando assim uma análise mais fidedigna do conhecimento popular dos entrevistados.

Objective: identify and conduct a review of the use of natural resources for treatment of prevalent in childhood diseases in a community from the perspective of the Collective Subject Discourse. Methodology: study of qualitative approach, where as methodological strategy adopted the construction of the collective subject discourse. The data were collected through semi-structured interview being transcribed and for its analysis was used the Qualiquantisoft. Results: a total of 54 key informants, the responses highlight the use of natural resources for the treatment of prevalent in childhood diseases, being identified in the central ideas andthe Collective Subject Discoursefound. Showed the useof natural resources in the treatment of diseases in children as an alternative or complement to drug therapy, still expressed high confidence in the results of its use. Conclusion: the use of the collective subject discourse represented an important toolfor getting the data, thus enabling a more accurate analysis of the popular knowledge of respondents.

ETHNOBIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF A TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARBALHA, CEARÁ, BRAZIL.

BACKGROUND: The use of natural resources for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children is a widespread practice within traditional communities, especially by women by being the primary caregivers. This study aimed to perform ethnobiological survey of plants and animals used for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children of a traditional community in the municipality of Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. METHODS: It is a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed in Sitio Santo Antonio, in the municipality of Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. As a tool for data collection, was applied a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Data analysis used descriptive statistics (simple and percentage rate) and the Relative Frequency of Citation. RESULTS: The research included a total of 54 informants. In total, there were 38 species cited. According to the Relative Frequency of Citation the following species were the most cited: Ocimum basilicum L. (0.59), Eucalyptus globulus Labili (0.59), Plectranthus amboinicus (L.) Spreng (0.42), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (0.24), Allium aescalonicum L. (0.22) and Mentha arvensis L. (0.18). Among the symptoms mentioned by the research subjects to treat the acute respiratory infections in childhood, there were: fever; cough; coughing with secretions; sore throat; hoarseness; tiredness; nasal congestion. CONCLUSIONS: It is important the knowledge about the usefulness of natural resources as alternative practices in diseases treatment, seeking to rescue popular knowledge used in the traditional community and fomenting the need to consider cultural aspects in the full practice to children's health care.