[Alimentary methods of maintaining the superoxide dismutase activity in the tissues of rats during growth of a transplanted tumor and administration of carminomycin]. / Alimentarnye sposoby podderzhaniia superoksiddismutaznoi aktivnosti v tkaniakh krys v usloviiakh rosta transplantirovannoi opukholi i vvedeniia karminomitsina.

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of three specialized food rations on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tissues of rats with transplanted Walker's carcinosarcoma 256 exposed to carminomycin. It was shown that the three specialized rations were able to significantly modify the SOD activity in the tissues of the rats with Walker's carcinosarcoma 256 at the background of treatment with carminomycin. Thus, the ration enriched with copper and zinc salts and folic acid activated SOD in the animals of all the groups. Still, the effect was higher in the tumor-bearing animals and the rats treated with carminomycin i.e. under conditions of oxidative stress. The use of the ration enriched with sulfur-containing amino acids, sodium selenide and vitamin E led to decreasing of the efficiency of the fermentative dismutation of O2 in the healthy rats and marked activating of SOD in the tumor-bearing animals. The ration containing lyophilized vegetables and vitamin E provided a significant increase in the SOD activity in the healthy rats. However, its potential was not sufficient for overcoming the SOD inhibiting effect of the tumor growth.

[The influence on tumor growth and the function of the thiol-dependent systems of the liver of excess cooking fat and vitamin E in the diet. The effects of carminomycin]. / Vliianie na opukholevyi rost i sostoianie tiolzavisimykh sistem pecheni izbytka kulinarnogo zhira i vitamina E v ratsione. Effekty karminomitsina.

A study was made of the influence of excessive culinary fat in the diet containing 30% of trans-isomers and tocopherol on tumor growth, parameters of antitumor and toxic action of carminomycin, and the state of thiol-dependent defensive systems of the liver. The data obtained have evidenced a negative influence of the experimental ration on the survival of the tumor-carriers and on the condition of the normal animals. Activation of the glutathion S-transferase system attended by the exhaustion of the thiol pool in the liver was recorded. Carminomycin toxic action was not modified by the experimental diet.

[Thiol-dependent protective systems in alimentary prevention of the toxic effect of carminomycin]. / Tiolzavisimye zashchitnye sistemy pri alimentarnoi profilaktike toksicheskogo deistviia karminomitsina.

The state of the thiol-dependent systems i.e. concentration of the SH-groups, activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase, carminomycin antitumor and toxic effects was studied under conditions of tumor growth and carminomycin therapy with the use of prophylactic rations (PR) aimed at stimulating the cell thiol-dependent and antioxidant systems for decreasing the drug toxic action. It was shown that addition of sulfur-containing amino acids, selenium and vitamin E to the ration of healthy and tumor-bearing rats (Walker carcinosarcoma 256) induced a decrease in the level of the SH-groups in the liver just likely promoting efficient extrahepatic usage of glutathione. After administration of carminomycin a long with the PR use, the liver showed the thiol-preserving capacity evidenced by a decrease or complete elimination of the above effect of the ration. The use of PR resulted in a marked increase in the glutathione-S-transferase activity in cytosol and to a lesser extent in the liver microsomes. A regulating effect of the PR on the activity of glutathione reductase was observed: its inhibition in the healthy animals and stimulation after carminomycin administration in the heart of the healthy animals and the liver of the tumor-bearing animals.

[Molecular aspects of the mechanism of anti-oxidant activity of vitamin E: features of the action of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol]. / Molekuliarnye aspekty makhanizma antiokislitel'noi aktivnost' vitamina E: osobennosti deistviia alpha- i gamma-tokoferolov.

Current data on mechanisms of vitamin E action are reviewed with the specific reference to the antioxidant theory. Experimental data relevant to this theory on alpha- and gamma-tocopherols reactions in biological and nonbiological systems are considered. Distinctly lower biological activity of gamma-tocopherol, as compared with that of alpha-tocopherol, was shown not to depend only on dissimilar antiradical properties of these two homologues. Tocopherol-binding proteins, exhibiting high affinity only to alpha-tocopherol, appear to be responsible for realization of the biologically important reactions.

[Effect of carminomycin on the enzyme systems of the metabolism of active forms of oxygen and on free-radical lipid oxidation in August rats with Walker carcinosarcoma 256]. / Vliianie karminomitsina na fermentnye sistemy metabolizma aktivnykh form kisloroda i svobodnoradikal'noe okislenie lipidov u krys linii August s kartsinosarkomoi Uoker 256.

The influence of carminomycin (CM) on enzymic systems of metabolism of oxygen active forms, free radical lipid peroxidation and microviscosity of membrane lipids as well as toxic and antitumour action of CM were studied in normal and tumour-bearing rats. Detected responses of the system of superoxide anion- and H2O2 metabolism reflected the role of active oxygen forms in CM toxicity. The investigation results of the lipid peroxidation fluorescent products level and microsomal lipid phase microviscosity did not suppose stimulation of lipid peroxidation as key mechanism for CM toxic effects. Problems on the prevention and treatment of anthracyclines side effects are discussed.

[Effect of vitamin E from by-products of cotton oil processing on the glutathione peroxidase system in rats]. / Vliianie vitamina E iz otkhodov pererabotki khlopkovogo masla na glutationperoksidaznuiu sistemu krys.

The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase from liver, skeletal muscles and erythrocytes of rats fed a vitamin E-deficient, or supplemented, diet were studied. Vitamin E was added in the diet either as a pure pharmacy form of alpha-tocopherol or as a tocopherol mixture derived from oil wastes. The deficiency of vitamin E caused an increase in the activity of the above mentioned enzymes. Both alpha-tocopherol and the tocopherol mixture were found to influence the glutathione peroxidase system. The dose-dependent response of the glutathione peroxidase system was revealed. Possible mechanisms of the changes in the antioxidizing enzymes induced by vitamin E are discussed.

[Anti-oxidant activity and tissue accumulation of tocopherols from a new source]. / Antioksidantnaia aktivnost' i nakoplenie tkaniami tokoferolov iz novogo prirodnogo istochnika.

Properties of a tocopherol concentrate, obtained from side products of cotton oil treatment containing alpha-tocopherol and other isomers of vitamin E and carotinoids at high concentrations, were studied in vivo and in vitro. The concentrate exhibited higher antioxidative activity in reaction with 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine and inhibited lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes similarly to synthetic alpha-tocopherol. After addition of the concentrate to rat ration at a dose of 100 IU of vitamin E per 100 g of food the animals accumulated tocopherol from this source in the same way as it was observed for the synthetic preparation (liver, heart, lung) or at the higher level (kidney, brain, fatty tissue). Consumption of the concentrate was decreased after its emulsification. Contribution of gamma-tocopherol to antiradical effect of the tocopherol concentrate and to stabilization of the membrane lipid moiety is discussed.

[Effects of different types of nutritional imbalance on lipid peroxidation and viscosity of membrane lipids]. / Vliianie razlichnykh vidov alimentarnogo disbalansa na stepen' perekisnogo okisleniia i viazkost' membrannykh lipidov.

For 90 days male August rats were kept on 5 diets: (I) balanced semisynthetic, (II) with amino acid unbalance, (III) with excess polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (IV) with vitamin E deficiency, and (V) polyunbalanced (amino acid unbalance, excess PUFA, vitamin E deficiency). In liver microsomes, the authors studied the kinetics of malonic dialdehyde accumulation in the course of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation (LP) and microviscosity of the lipid phase of microsomal membranes according to eximerization of the pyrene fluorescent hydrophobic probe. The microsomes of the animals fed diets I, III and IV showed on the average a 50 to 55% increase in the rate of MDA formation, whereas those of rats on diet V a 78% increase as compared with appropriate characteristics in the animals fed diet I. A good correlation was established between the decrease in the pyrene eximerization rate and accumulation of lipid peroxides: r = 0.09 (P less than 0.05). The possibility of affecting LP in the membranes by the goal oriented modification of the diet is discussed. The participation of proteins, lipids and tocopherol in the maintenance of the membrane structure is described.

[Action of pro-oxidant diets on the enzymatic system of Ca2+ transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum]. / Deistvie prooksidantnykh ratsionov na fermentnuiu sistemu transporta Ca2+ v sarkoplazmaticheskom retikulume.

August male rats were kept for 90 days on one of the following diets: balanced semisynthetic diet with casein as a source of protein (group 1), amino acid balanced diet with casein replaced by gluten (group 2), a diet with excess of polyunsaturated fatty acids (group 3), with vitamin E deficiency (group 4), and polyunbalanced diet, comprising a combination of amino acid imbalance, excess of polyunsaturated acids, and vitamin E deficiency (group 5). Structural and functional parameters of Ca2+ transport (Ca2+ accumulation rate, activity of Ca2+-ATPase, Ca/ATP ratio), content of lipid fractions and accumulation of malonic dialdehyde were studied in sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR) fragments from rat hind limb muscles in the course of ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation. Reduction of Ca2+ absorption rate, Ca2+-ATPase, and Ca/ATP ratio in SR membranes were observed in groups 2-5. In parallel, decreased phospholipid and triglyceride levels and increased content of free fatty acids and cholesterol in SR membranes were established.