Initial evaluation and external validation of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in tubarial gland characterization.

INTRODUCTION: Radiotracer 68Ga-PSMA-11 used in PET/CT scans allows for identification and localization of gland tissue. It allows for their consideration in clinical scenarios and to design further and stronger research to answer pertinent questions regarding their function and implications. We aimed to externally validate first reported findings of location, size, and ligand uptake of the tubarial glands using 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT studies of patients with prostate cancer confirmed diagnosis from the database of the Radiology Department from 2018 to 2022. The maximum cephalocaudal length (CCL) in the tubarial glands and the Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) of major glands were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 202 patients were included (mean age 67.43 ± 8.5). The mean CCL of the tubarial glands was 37.38 ± 9.84 and a SUVmax of 6.56 ± 2.14. The rest of the glands were as follows: parotid 15.12 ± 4.43, submandibular 16.82 ± 5.43 and sublingual 5.84 ± 3.24. No differences were found between laterality. A weak correlation between age and SUVmax of tubarial glands was identified. Tubarial glands had a similar 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake to that of sublingual glands. CONCLUSION: This study corroborates the existence of a conglomerate of glands in the nasopharynx roof, near the posterolateral pharyngeal recess. It serves as validation in a different population with similar results in previous research. Without 68GA-PSMA-11 PET/CT the abundance, configuration and potential clinical relevance of these glands would probably not have been identified. Radiotracer uptake was similar amongst the major salivary glands, with a more similar uptake to that shown by the sublingual gland.

Aberrant Right and Left Gastric Veins as a Cause of Hepatic Pseudolesions: A Report of Three Cases.

The complex structure of the liver and its elaborate hemodynamics can cause hepatic pseudolesions on contrast-enhanced imaging, making the interpretation of diagnostic liver imaging challenging. Aberrant gastric veins are rare; most of their epidemiology data comes from small single-center studies. While current literature suggests that pseudolesions originating from aberrant gastric veins mainly present as hyperdense defects, some cases can also show up as hypodense, as shown in these cases. Differences in flow rates between the portal and aberrant veins and the timing of the scans could explain this contradiction. Identifying aberrant gastric veins on cross-sectional imaging is crucial because they could be misdiagnosed as liver lesions, granting further unnecessary workups or invasive procedures. Aberrant gastric veins can also act as pathways for the spread of gastric cancer. This manuscript presents one aberrant right gastric vein and two aberrant left gastric veins causing hepatic pseudolesions.

Incipient speciation, high genetic diversity, and ecological divergence in the alligator bark juniper suggest complex demographic changes during the Pleistocene.

The most recent glacial cycles of the Pleistocene affected the distribution, population sizes, and levels of genetic structure of temperate-forest species in the main Mexican mountain systems. Our objective was to investigate the effects these cycles had on the genetic structure and distribution of a dominant species of the "mexical" vegetation across North and Central America. We studied the genetic diversity of Juniperus deppeana, a conifer distributed from the Southwestern United States to the highlands of Central America. We combined information of one plastid marker and two nuclear markers to infer phylogeographic structure, genetic diversity and demographic changes. We also characterized the climatic niche for each variety to infer the plausible area of suitability during past climatic conditions and to evaluate climatic niche discontinuities along with the species distribution. We found a marked phylogeographic structure separating the populations North and South of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with populations to the South of this barrier forming a distinct genetic cluster corresponding to Juniperus deppeana var. gamboana. We also found signals of population expansion in the Northern genetic cluster. Ecological niche modeling results confirmed climatic niche differences and discontinuities among J. deppeana varieties and heterogeneous responses to climatic oscillations. Overall, J. deppeana's genetic diversity has been marked by distribution shifts, population growth and secondary contact the North, and in situ permanence in the South since the last interglacial to the present. High genetic variation suggests a wide and climatically diverse distribution during climatic oscillations. We detected the existence of two main genetic clusters, supporting previous proposals that Juniperus deppeana and Juniperus gamboana may be considered two separate species.

Adherence to hand hygiene at five moments and specific protection in a tertiary care hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adherence to hygiene measures is an objective aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adherence to hand hygiene and protection measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: Cross-sectional study on health personnel handwashing at the five moments recommended by the World Health Organization, as well as on the use of specific personal protective equipment. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen hand hygiene opportunities were observed in health personnel. Hand washing was observed in 40 (34 %) and omission in 76 (65 %). Adherence to the use of face shield was observed in five (4 %), and lack of adherence in 112 (96%). Adherence to the use of face mask was observed in 65 nursing professionals (87 %), with appropriate use of the mask in 56 of them (60 %) and use of face shield in one (1 %). CONCLUSION: Health personnel showed low proportions of adherence to hand hygiene and use of equipment for specific protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Ante la pandemia de COVID-19, el apego a las medidas de higiene es un objetivo para disminuir la morbimortalidad. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el apego a la higiene de manos y medidas de protección durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal acerca del lavado de manos del personal de salud en los cinco tiempos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como sobre el uso del equipo de protección personal específico. RESULTADOS: Fueron observadas 117 oportunidades de higiene de manos en personal de salud: 40 (34 %) respecto al lavado de manos y 76 (65 %) respecto a su omisión; sobre el apego al uso de careta en cinco (4 %) y sobre la falta de apego en 112 (96 %). Se identificó apego al uso de mascarilla en 65 profesionales de enfermería (87 %), uso adecuado de mascarilla en 56 de ellos (60 %) y uso de careta en uno (1 %). CONCLUSIÓN: El personal mostró baja proporción de apego a la higiene de manos y al uso de equipo para la protección específica durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Lactobacillus gasseri liver abscess and bacteremia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive non-spore-forming rods usually found in the microbiota of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genitourinary tract. Also, they are commonly used in the food industry as supplements and probiotics. Lactobacilli are normally considered non-pathogenic to the human body, however, under certain circumstances such as immunosuppression, they can cause severe infections, with only a few cases of bacteremia, infective endocarditis, pneumonia, meningitis, and intra-abdominal infections reported. Among these presentations, a pyogenic liver abscess is rather rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 59-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and multiple abdominal surgeries with the latest being in 2014 presenting with bacteremia and multiple large pyogenic liver abscesses due to Lactobacillus gasseri, which did not appear to be related to the use of probiotics or immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the increased use of probiotics, it is expected that in the future we will see an increase in infections caused by Lactobacilli. Medical management with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage were successful strategies for the treatment of this unusual case of pyogenic liver abscesses and bacteremia caused by Lactobacillus gasseri.

Apego a higiene de manos en 5 momentos y protección específica en un hospital de tercer nivel ante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Adherence to hand hygiene at five moments and specific protection in a tertiary care hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumen Introducción: Ante la pandemia de COVID-19, el apego a las medidas de higiene es un objetivo para disminuir la morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar el apego a la higiene de manos y medidas de protección durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos: Estudio transversal acerca del lavado de manos del personal de salud en los cinco tiempos recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, así como sobre el uso del equipo de protección personal específico. Resultados: Fueron observadas 117 oportunidades de higiene de manos en personal de salud: 40 (34 %) respecto al lavado de manos y 76 (65 %) respecto a su omisión; sobre el apego al uso de careta en cinco (4 %) y sobre la falta de apego en 112 (96 %). Se identificó apego al uso de mascarilla en 65 profesionales de enfermería (87 %), uso adecuado de mascarilla en 56 de ellos (60 %) y uso de careta en uno (1 %.) Conclusión: El personal mostró baja proporción de apego a la higiene de manos y al uso de equipo para la protección específica durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adherence to hygiene measures is an objective aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate adherence to hand hygiene and protection measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Cross-sectional study on health personnel handwashing at the five moments recommended by the World Health Organization, as well as on the use of specific personal protective equipment. Results: One hundred and seventeen hand hygiene opportunities were observed in health personnel. Hand washing was observed in 40 (34 %) and omission in 76 (65 %). Adherence to the use of face shield was observed in five (4 %), and lack of adherence in 112 (96%). Adherence to the use of face mask was observed in 65 nursing professionals (87 %), with appropriate use of the mask in 56 of them (60 %) and use of face shield in one (1 %). Conclusion: Health personnel showed low proportions of adherence to hand hygiene and use of equipment for specific protection during the COVID-19 pandemic.

On a new Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes) from Southern Patagonia (Chile, Argentina), with a redescription of T. chilensis and some systematic and biogeographical insights.

To date, only one species of Temnocephala is known from Chile, Temnocephala chilensis, and three from southern Argentina (Patagonia), namely T. chilensis, Temnocephala dionii, and Temnocephala mexicana. Here we describe a new species of Temnocephala and provide an updated description of T. chilensis based on material found on an anomuran crab (Aeglidae) from southern Chile. Additional hosts and localities are reported for both species in southern Argentina and Chile, and a diagnostic key for all species of Temnocephala hosted on Aegla and Parastacidae is included as well. In southern Chile, both T. chilensis and the new species were found on the crayfish Samastacus spinifrons and on the anomuran crabs Aegla abtao and Aegla alacalufi; in addition, the new species was found on Aegla manni, and T. chilensis on Aegla rostrata. In southern Argentina, T. chilensis and the new species were found on Aegla riolimayana and S. spinifrons. Based on their shared traits (morphology of the penial stylet, host preferences and geographic distribution), the temnocephalans hosted in Aegla are tentatively gathered into two clusters, the Chilensis and Axenos groups.

Reconocimiento de tres patrones básicos de movimiento de la mano utilizando electromiografía de superficie y algoritmos inteligentes / Identification of three basic hand movement patterns by surface electromyography and smart algorithms

Introducción: este artículo presenta la predicción de tres tipos de movimientos básicos de la mano mediante un algoritmo inteligente para extraer características imprescindibles para el reconocimiento de patrones de movimiento a partir del análisis de señales electromiográficas superficiales adquiridas con el dispositivo Myo. Objetivo: reconocer y predecir patrones básicos de movimiento de la articulación del brazo utilizando electromiografía de superficie para aplicarlo sobre un prototipo de prótesis. Métodos: se tomaron datos de 13 estudiantes de 22 y 23 años de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cada uno de los cuales ejecutó tres tipos de agarre: cilíndrico, pinza y pinza planar. Se trabajó con una frecuencia de 10 Hz y se tomaron 5 muestras por tipo de agarre durante 60 segundos. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó la herramienta Anova, estableciendo un valor de significancia mayor a 0,65. Resultados: En ciertos voluntarios hay una mayor reacción en el electrodo 1 debido a que su antebrazo es mayor. El tiempo de respuesta para el reconocimiento varía dependiendo del número de variables que se tenga que comparar. Cuando se analiza un solo movimiento es de 2,6 segundos, en cambio, cuando se analizan los 3 movimientos el tiempo de respuesta incrementa a 7,8 segundos por la cantidad de electrodos que se quieran analizar. Conclusiones: la respuesta del sistema propuesto empieza a ser más lenta a medida que se analizan más movimientos a la vez y por tanto, es menos efectiva. El tiempo de ejecución y respuesta de nuestro sistema, en comparación al estado del arte, es más alto, debido a que se utilizan menos métodos de caracterización de la señal. Adicionalemtne, una limitante del proyecto es la frecuencia de muestreo del dispositivo Myo (200Hz)(AU)

Introduction: the paper presents the prediction of three basic hand movement types by means of a smart algorithm to draw characteristics indispensable for identification of movement patterns based on the analysis of surface electromyographic signals obtained with the Myo device. Objective: recognize and predict basic movement patterns of the arm joint using surface electromyography with a view to applying them over a prosthesis prototype. Methods: data were taken from 13 students aged 22 and 23 years from the Salesian Polytechnic University, each of whom performed three types of grasp: cylindrical, pincer and palmar pincer. A 10 Hz frequency was used and 5 samples were taken of each grasp type during 60 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed with the tool ANOVA, establishing a significance value > 0.65. Results: in certain volunteers a greater reaction was observed in electrode 1, due to their larger forearms. Response time for identification varies with the number of variables to be compared. When only one movement is analyzed, response time is 2.6 seconds, but when the three movements are examined it rises to 7.8 seconds by the number of electrodes intended to be studied. Conclusions: the response of the system proposed starts to slow down as more movements are analyzed simultaneously, which makes it less effective. The performance and response time of our system is higher than in state-of-the-art systems, since fewer signal characterization methods are used. On the other hand, a limitation of the project is the sampling frequency of the Myo device (200 Hz)(AU)

Mind-Body Therapies in Childhood Cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Advances in the field of Pediatric Oncology have led to increased survival rates in children with cancer, and addressing the emotional well-being and quality of life of this specific population is a critical component of care. Mind-body therapies (MBTs) are an adjuvant modality of treatment that appears to have a positive impact on patient quality of life, patient mental health, and family perceptions toward illness. In this review, we describe several evidence-based MBTs, such as art therapy, meditation, prayer, music therapy, hypnosis and relaxation techniques, their use, and our personal experience with MBT in our institution. RECENT FINDINGS: Current data suggests that MBTs have been effective in decreasing symptoms related to oncologic pathology in children. Based on experience in our institution, the administration of these therapies can be expanded with the use of technology and also foster family inclusion in care, which can lead to improved quality of life for the patient and family. Further studies are warranted to ascertain the effects of MBTs in childhood cancer. MBTs are increasingly important in the care of youth with oncologic disease. It is necessary to increase the quantity and quality of research for the selection and inclusion of MBT in this population.

A new species of Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes) with an unusual pharynx, including an amendment of the diagnosis of the genus.

Three species of Temnocephala have been reported on Aegla from Uruguay: Temnocephala axenos, Temnocephala mertoni and Temnocephala talicei. As part of a systematic review of the Uruguayan species of Temnocephala, a fourth species was found on Aegla platensis and Aegla uruguayana. This species, new for the genus, has the following diagnostic characters: Large temnocephalan; slightly curved penial stylet (225 µm in length) with a symmetrical introvert (27 long by 18 µm in diameter) that has at least 44 spine-like projections, each bearing 7 rows of internal spines; a seminal vesicle that opens sub-polarly into the contractile vesicle; a muscular vagina with a strong asymmetrical sphincter; preequatorial nephridiopores close to the internal borders of the elongate-oval excretory syncytia; a large pharynx with anterior and posterior sphincters of about the same diameter and a narrow pharyngeal lumen with nearly uniform width. To contemplate the characters of the pharynx, an amendment of the genus Temnocephala is given. The new species resembles Temnocephala cyanoglandula, which also has a very long, slightly curved penial stylet, but differs from it by having a shorter penial stylet, a lower number of rows of spines in the introvert, a larger, different type of pharynx, a smaller contractile vesicle and a larger sucker. The new species is carnivorous and feeds on whole preys, which are mainly annelids (Stratiodrilus) and other species of Temnocephala. The new species was found to be hyperparasitised by plerocercoid and nematode larvae, but hyperparasites were not found in the other sympatric species of Temnocephala. Based on the findings presented here, it is clear that detailed histological descriptions of the pharynx should be contemplated as part of the normal work in taxonomy of temnocephalans.

Ultrastructural description of the spermatogenesis and spermatozoa in Phaenocora unipunctata (Platyhelminthes, Neotyphloplanida).

Ultrastructural studies of spermiogenesis and sperm morphology have found many characters that are likely to provide clues to the phylogeny of the Platyhelminthes. However, the lack of information on many free-living groups has been a limiting factor. There is a single description of the spermatogenesis and spermatozoa in a Phaenocora species, namely P. anomalocoela, therefore a similar analysis was made in Phaenocora unipunctata to compare the intrageneric variation of sperm ultrastructure and spermatogenesis in the Neotyphloplanida. The comparison of the two Phaenocora species shows that several characters have the potential to be relevant to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. The presence of superficially incorporated axonemes outside the ring of cortical microtubules in the mature sperm cell, resulting from the fusion of the axonemes with the median cytoplasmic process during spermiogenesis, as well as the presence of a constant number of microtubules in the different regions of the spermatozoon, seem to constitute apomorphies of the genus Phaenocora. Furthermore, the presence of an axonemal spur, the compression of cortical microtubules by the rotation of the basal bodies during spermiogenesis, and the presence of a connection between the nucleus and the plasma membrane in the mature spermatozoon, support previous proposals that these characters are apomorphies of Dalytyphloplanida. The comparison of spermatogenesis and spermatozoa of P. unipunctata and P. anomalocoela demonstrates that studying intrageneric variation can give valuable insights into the significance of many characters proposed for phylogenetic studies of the Rhabdocoela.

Why size matters: the interactive influences of tree diameter distribution and sap flow parameters on upscaled transpiration.

In stands with a broad range of diameters, a small number of very large trees can disproportionately influence stand basal area and transpiration (Et). Sap flow-based Et estimates may be particularly sensitive to large trees due to nonlinear relationships between tree-level water use (Q) and tree diameter at breast height (DBH). Because Q is typically predicted on the basis of DBH and sap flow rates measured in a subset of trees and then summed to obtain Et, we assessed the relative importance of DBH and sap flow variables (sap velocity, Vs, and sapwood depth, Rs) in determining the magnitude of Et and its dependence on large trees in a tropical montane forest ecosystem. Specifically, we developed a data-driven simulation framework to vary the relationship between DBH and Vs and stand DBH distribution and then calculate Q, Et and the proportion of Et contributed by the largest tree in each stand. Our results demonstrate that variation in how Rs is determined in the largest trees can alter estimates up to 26% of Et while variation in how Vs is determined can vary results by up to 132%. Taken together, these results highlight a great need to expand our understanding of water transport in large trees as this hinders our ability to predict water fluxes accurately from stand to catchment scales.

Estudio Descriptivo: Tratamiento Quirúrgico de los Meningiomas. Hospital "Santa Inés" Cuenca ­ Ecuador, 2011-2017 / Descriptive Research: Surgical Treatment of Meningiomas Hospital "Santa Inés" Cuenca - Ecuador, 2011-2017

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la actualidad se considera al tratamiento quirúrgico como la primera línea de intervención en meningiomas, el objetivo de esta investigación es describir los resultados y las estrategias actuales en el tratamiento quirúrgico de los meningiomas, que se realizan en el Hospital Santa Inés de Cuenca-Ecuador. METODO: Es un estudio descriptivo sobre el tratamiento quirúrgico de los meningiomas, haciendo énfasis en el tipo de abordaje empleado en el Hospital Santa Inés. Se describen las diferentes localizaciones anatómicas y situaciones fisiológicas específicas de pacientes con meningiomas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes, 11 hombres y 20 mujeres. La edad al momento de la cirugía fue de 13 a 76 años. La localización más frecuente fue la convexidad y parasagital. El 6.45 % de los tumores se reportaron como atípicos. Se logró exéresis Simpson I y II en el 80.6 % de los pacientes. Hubo tres recurrencias, dos de ellas asociadas a la histopatología. No hubo mortalidad operatoria. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía sigue siendo la primera opción de tratamiento, con resultados mejorados con las técnicas microquirúrgicas actuales y constituye un reto, primero por lograr la exéresis completa del tumor y luego por preservar la función neurológica (au)

BACKGROUD: At present the surgical treatment is considered as the first line in meningiomas, the aim of this study is to describe the outcomes and actual strategies in the surgical treatment of meningiomas treated at the Santa Ines Hospital in Cuenca-Ecuador. METHOD: It is a descriptive study on the surgical treatment of meningiomas, emphasizing the type of approach used in the Hospital Santa Inés. The different anatomical locations and specific physiological situations of patients with meningiomas are described. RESULTS: We included 31 patients, 11 men and 20 women. The age at the time of surgery was the between 13 to 76 years. The most frequent location was convexity and parasagittal. 6.45 % of the tumors were reported as atypical. Simpson I and II excision was achieved in 80.6 % of the patients. There were three recurrences, two associated with histopathology. There was no operative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The surgery still is the first option of treatment, with better outcome due at the actual microsurgery techniques. The surgery is a challenge, at first achieve complete excision of the tumor and then to preserve the neurological function.(au)

Description of a New Temnocephala Species (Platyhelminthes) from the Southern Neotropical Region.

The genus Temnocephala is endemic to the Neotropical region. Temnocephala mexicana and Temnocephala chilensis are the only 2 temnocephalans whose known distribution ranges extend to the south beyond Parallel 40°S. No Temnocephala species has ever been recorded from the extensive area between Parallel 43°S and the southern end of the South American continent, which makes the study of the southern limit of the distribution of the genus a topic of great interest. The southernmost report corresponds to T. chilensis from the Telsen River, Chubut Province, Argentina. In March 2000, several temnocephalans were found on the freshwater anomuran crustacean Aegla neuquensis from the same locality; the specimens were identified as belonging to a new species, which is described here. This species is characterized by possessing an unusually thin-walled, narrow zone that has the appearance of a deep groove connecting the introvert to the shaft of the penial stylet; an introvert with 36 longitudinal rows of spines, each bearing 6-8 spines that are progressively smaller towards the distal end; a distal end of the introvert with a very thin, sclerotized wall without spines; a seminal vesicle that opens sub-polarly into the contractile vesicle; a pair of paranephrocytes at the level of the pharynx and a second pair at the level of the anterior portion of the anterior testes, and eggs with very long stalks. On the basis of their overall morphology, host preference, and geographical distribution, T. chilensis and the new species are closely related, so a diagnostic key for the southern species of Temnocephala is also included. The type locality of the new species is in the southern limit of the known distribution area of T. chilensis, so after this work there are 2 known species marking the southern limit of the distribution of the genus.

Infomed, sus recursos y el Web 2, 0 / Infomed, its resources and the Website 2, 0

Infomed es una organización sin fines de lucro, cuyo propósito esencial es convertir la información científica y técnica en un componente esencial al servicio del perfeccionamiento de la salud cubana. Para esto, dispone de una basta red de productos, servicios y fuentes de información, tradicionales y avanzadas, y de un amplio grupo de especialistas e instituciones, dedicados a estos propósitos. Se describen algunos de los recursos esenciales disponibles en el Web de Infomed, así como las transformaciones que experimenta el sitio hacia una nueva etapa de desarrollo: Infomed 2, 0, como respuesta a los eventos ocurridos en Internet a escala internacional, y que han llevado a un nuevo modelo, denominado Web 2, 0, donde la participación y la colaboración del usuario para la creación de una nueva red es mucho más importante(AU)

Infomed is a non-profit-making institution whose essential objective is to convert scientific and technical information in an indispensable component in the service of improvement of Cuban health. Thus, this institution has a wide network of products, services and information source traditional and updated as well as a wide range of specialists and departments devoted to these objectives. Some of the essential resources available in the Infomed Website are described and also the transformation undergoes by the site towards a new era of development as response to events occurred in Internet at international scale leading to a new form called Website 2, 0, where the involvement and cooperation of users for creation a of a new network is much more important(AU)

Infomed, sus recursos y el Web 2, 0 / Infomed, its resources and the Website 2, 0

Infomed es una organización sin fines de lucro, cuyo propósito esencial es convertir la información científica y técnica en un componente esencial al servicio del perfeccionamiento de la salud cubana. Para esto, dispone de una basta red de productos, servicios y fuentes de información, tradicionales y avanzadas, y de un amplio grupo de especialistas e instituciones, dedicados a estos propósitos. Se describen algunos de los recursos esenciales disponibles en el Web de Infomed, así como las transformaciones que experimenta el sitio hacia una nueva etapa de desarrollo: Infomed 2, 0, como respuesta a los eventos ocurridos en Internet a escala internacional, y que han llevado a un nuevo modelo, denominado Web 2, 0, donde la participación y la colaboración del usuario para la creación de una nueva red es mucho más importante

Infomed is a non-profit-making institution whose essential objective is to convert scientific and technical information in an indispensable component in the service of improvement of Cuban health. Thus, this institution has a wide network of products, services and information source traditional and updated as well as a wide range of specialists and departments devoted to these objectives. Some of the essential resources available in the Infomed Website are described and also the transformation undergoes by the site towards a new era of development as response to events occurred in Internet at international scale leading to a new form called Website 2, 0, where the involvement and cooperation of users for creation a of a new network is much more important

El web como sistema de información / The Web as an information system

Se abordan los antecedentes históricos, teóricos y prácticos, necesarios para el surgimiento de una nueva área en las ciencias de la información: la recuperación y la importancia del Web como nuevo espacio para la interacción del hombre con la información hipertextual. Se exponen también, los conceptos Web superficial y Web profundo; se describen algunos de los principales buscadores útiles para explorar el Web profundo, así como las nuevas herramientas para la recuperación de la información como la minería textual y de datos y el descubrimiento de conocimientos en bases de datos(AU)

Organización y recuperación de la información: un enfoque desde la perspectiva de la automatización / Information organization and retrieval: an approach from the automatization perspective

Se aborda la organización y recuperación de la información desde la perspectiva de la automatización. Así, se trata la indización automática o asistida por computadora, el lugar de la lingüística en la recuperación de la información, la aplicación del paradigma cognitivo a esta área del conocimiento y los diferentes modelos para la recuperación interactiva de la información y la interacción hombre-máquina(AU)

Web semantica: un nuevo enfoque para la organización y la recuperación de la información en el Web / Semantic Web: a new approach for the information organizations and retrieval in the Web

Se realiza un acercamiento teórico-conceptual al desarrollo de la organización y recuperación de la información en ambiente automático, mediante la indización y la clasificación automática de la información como procesos previos a la recuperación de información. Se analiza la evolución experimentada por los sistemas de organización de la información y el conocimiento: taxonomías, tesauros y Topic Maps hacia estructuras más complejas como las ontologías. Se examinan algunos esquemas de meta-datos, concebidos para la descripción de la información en el web, así como los componentes y tecnologías que integran el modelo teórico de la web semántica. Finalmente, se explica el modelo constructivo de capas que garantizará el funcionamiento de toda su infraestructura(AU)