Maternal near miss: before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare Maternal Near Miss prevalence and outcomes before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in a university maternity hospital of high complexity. The population was divided into two groups: G1, 1 year before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period (August 2018-July 2019) and G2, 1 year during the pandemic period (August 2020-July 2021). All pregnant/postpartum women hospitalized up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy/childbirth were included, and pregnant women who were admitted with coronavirus disease 2019/flu symptoms were excluded. The association of variables with "Maternal Near Miss" was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 568 women from G1 and 349 women from G2 fulfilled the Maternal Near Miss criteria. The prevalence of Maternal Near Miss in pre-pandemic was 144.1/1,000 live births and during the pandemic was 78.5/1,000 live births. In the analysis adjusted for G1, the factors of days of hospitalization (PR: 1.02, CI: 1.0-1.0, p<0.05), pre-eclampsia (PR: 0.41, CI: 1.4-2.2, p<0.05), and sepsis/severe systemic infection (PR: 1.79, CI: 0.3-0.4, p<0.05) were crucial for women with the Maternal Near Miss condition to have a greater chance of being admitted to the intensive care unit. In G2, low education (PR: 0.45, CI: 0.2-0.9, p<0.05), eclampsia (PR: 5.28, CI: 3.6-7.6, p<0.05), and use of blood products (PR: 6.48, CI: 4.7-8.8, p<0.05) increased the risk of admission to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: During the pandemic, there was a lower prevalence of Maternal Near Miss in high-risk pregnancies, fewer hospitalizations, and more deaths compared to the non-pandemic period.

Maternal near miss: before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare Maternal Near Miss prevalence and outcomes before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in a university maternity hospital of high complexity. The population was divided into two groups: G1, 1 year before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period (August 2018-July 2019) and G2, 1 year during the pandemic period (August 2020-July 2021). All pregnant/postpartum women hospitalized up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy/childbirth were included, and pregnant women who were admitted with coronavirus disease 2019/flu symptoms were excluded. The association of variables with "Maternal Near Miss" was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 568 women from G1 and 349 women from G2 fulfilled the Maternal Near Miss criteria. The prevalence of Maternal Near Miss in pre-pandemic was 144.1/1,000 live births and during the pandemic was 78.5/1,000 live births. In the analysis adjusted for G1, the factors of days of hospitalization (PR: 1.02, CI: 1.0-1.0, p<0.05), pre-eclampsia (PR: 0.41, CI: 1.4-2.2, p<0.05), and sepsis/severe systemic infection (PR: 1.79, CI: 0.3-0.4, p<0.05) were crucial for women with the Maternal Near Miss condition to have a greater chance of being admitted to the intensive care unit. In G2, low education (PR: 0.45, CI: 0.2-0.9, p<0.05), eclampsia (PR: 5.28, CI: 3.6-7.6, p<0.05), and use of blood products (PR: 6.48, CI: 4.7-8.8, p<0.05) increased the risk of admission to the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: During the pandemic, there was a lower prevalence of Maternal Near Miss in high-risk pregnancies, fewer hospitalizations, and more deaths compared to the non-pandemic period.

Facial Emotion Recognition and Executive Functions in Insomnia Disorder: An Exploratory Study.

BACKGROUND: Clinical and experimental findings suggest that insomnia is associated with changes in emotional processing and impairments in cognitive functioning. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between facial emotion recognition and executive functioning among individuals with insomnia as well as healthy controls. METHOD: A total of 11 individuals (mean age 31.3 ± 9.4) diagnosed with insomnia disorder and 15 control participants (mean age 24.8 ± 4.6) took part in the study. Participants responded to a facial emotion recognition task which presented them with static and dynamic stimuli, and were evaluated with regard to cognition, sleep, and mood. RESULTS: Compared to controls, we found that participants with insomnia performed worse in the recognition of the facial emotion of fear (p = 0.001; η p 2 = 0.549; ß = 0.999) and had lower scores in tests of verbal comprehension and perceptual organization (104.00 vs. 115.00, U = 135.5; p = 0.004; Cohen's, 2013 d = 1.281). We also found a relationship between facial emotion recognition and performance in cognitive tests, such as those related to perceptual organization, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that participants with insomnia may present some impairment in executive functions as well as in the recognition of facial emotions with negative valences (fear and sadness).

Games as education tools.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was evaluated effects of an intervention with the serious game "Perfect Bedroom: learn to sleep well" on the sleep habits of healthy children. METHODS: Two groups were composed, experimental (EG) (n=8) and control (CG) (n=5), with health children. This study presented four stages: pre-intervention, intervention, post-intervention and follow-up. Parents responded questionnaires about sociodemographic data and sleep habits measured by UNESP Sleep Habits and Hygiene Scale Child version (USHS). Children responded strategies developed by researchers: "Set up your bedroom" and "Mapping activities before bedtime". The intervention was performed with "Perfect Bedroom" twice a week and for three weeks in a row. Inferential analysis was accomplished for comparisons between groups (Mann-Whitney test) and intragroups (Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman test for repeated measures). RESULTS: Preliminary results indicated non-significant differences on the sleep habits reported by parents. Children's responses indicated a reduction in the number of electronic objects in bedroom and actions with these devices to EG. DISCUSSION: As far as we know, this is the first study that used a serious game to promote healthy sleep habits in children. In addition, they are actively included in the change process. Preliminary findings contribute to indicate the potential of this approach as an effective tool to promote healthy sleep habits in children.

Effects of a cognitive training program and sleep hygiene for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy elderly.

INTRODUCTION: The aging process causes changes in the sleep-wake cycle and cognition, especially executive functions. Interventions are required to minimize the impact of the losses caused by the aging process. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a cognitive training program and psychoeducation on sleep hygiene techniques for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy elderly. METHODS: The participants were 41 healthy elderly randomized into four groups ([CG] control group, cognitive training group [CTG], sleep hygiene group [SHG] and cognitive training and hygiene group [THG]). The study was conducted in three stages:1st - assessment of cognition and sleep;2nd - specific intervention for each group;3rd - post-intervention assessment. RESULTS: The results showed that the CTG had significant improvements in cognitive flexibility tasks, planning, verbal fluency and episodic memory, gains in sleep quality and decreased excessive daytime sleepiness. The SHG also had improved sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and significant improvements in insights, planning, attention and episodic memory. The THG had significant gains in cognitive flexibility, problem solving, verbal fluency, attention and episodic memory. CONCLUSION: Cognitive training and sleep hygiene interventions were useful strategies for improving cognitive performance and sleep quality of healthy elderly, but there was no evidence that sessions combining cognitive training and psychoeducation on sleep hygiene enhanced the gains provided by these interventions applied individually.

INTRODUÇÃO: O processo de envelhecimento provoca alterações no padrão de vigília sono dos idosos e na cognição, em especial no funcionamento executivo, sendo necessárias intervenções que visem minimizar os impactos das perdas ocorridas pelo processo de envelhecimento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de treino cognitivo e das técnicas de higiene do sono para as funções executivas e qualidade de sono em idosos saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 41 idosos saudáveis, divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos distintos (grupo controle [GC], grupo treino cognitivo [GTC], grupo higiene do sono [GHS] e grupo treino + higiene [GTH]). A pesquisa aconteceu em três etapas:1ª ­ avaliação inicial da cognição e do sono;2ª ­ intervenção específica destinada a cada grupo; e3ª ­ reavaliação pós-intervenção. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que o GTC apresentou melhora significativa em tarefas de flexibilidade cognitiva, planejamento, fluência verbal, memória episódica, qualidade de sono e diminuição da sonolência excessiva diurna. O GHS melhorou a qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna e teve melhoras significativas em capacidade de insights, planejamento, atenção e memória episódica. O GTH teve ganhos significativos na flexibilidade cognitiva, na resolução de problemas, na fluência verbal, na atenção e na memória episódica. CONCLUSÃO: Intervenções com treino cognitivo e higiene do sono são estratégias úteis na melhora do desempenho cognitivo e da qualidade de sono de idosos saudáveis, entretanto não houve evidências de que a intervenção com sessões combinando o treino cognitivo e psicoeducação da higiene do sono potencializem os ganhos proporcionados por essas intervenções isoladamente.

Effects of a cognitive training program and sleep hygiene for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy elderly / Efeitos de um programa de treino cognitivo e da higiene do sono para as funções executivas e para a qualidade de sono em idosos saudáveis

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aging process causes changes in the sleep-wake cycle and cognition, especially executive functions. Interventions are required to minimize the impact of the losses caused by the aging process. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a cognitive training program and psychoeducation on sleep hygiene techniques for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy elderly. Methods: The participants were 41 healthy elderly randomized into four groups ([CG] control group, cognitive training group [CTG], sleep hygiene group [SHG] and cognitive training and hygiene group [THG]). The study was conducted in three stages: 1st - assessment of cognition and sleep; 2nd - specific intervention for each group; 3rd - post-intervention assessment. Results: The results showed that the CTG had significant improvements in cognitive flexibility tasks, planning, verbal fluency and episodic memory, gains in sleep quality and decreased excessive daytime sleepiness. The SHG also had improved sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and significant improvements in insights, planning, attention and episodic memory. The THG had significant gains in cognitive flexibility, problem solving, verbal fluency, attention and episodic memory. Conclusion: Cognitive training and sleep hygiene interventions were useful strategies for improving cognitive performance and sleep quality of healthy elderly, but there was no evidence that sessions combining cognitive training and psychoeducation on sleep hygiene enhanced the gains provided by these interventions applied individually.

RESUMO Introdução: O processo de envelhecimento provoca alterações no padrão de vigília sono dos idosos e na cognição, em especial no funcionamento executivo, sendo necessárias intervenções que visem minimizar os impactos das perdas ocorridas pelo processo de envelhecimento. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de treino cognitivo e das técnicas de higiene do sono para as funções executivas e qualidade de sono em idosos saudáveis. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 41 idosos saudáveis, divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos distintos (grupo controle [GC], grupo treino cognitivo [GTC], grupo higiene do sono [GHS] e grupo treino + higiene [GTH]). A pesquisa aconteceu em três etapas: 1ª - avaliação inicial da cognição e do sono; 2ª - intervenção específica destinada a cada grupo; e 3ª - reavaliação pós-intervenção. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o GTC apresentou melhora significativa em tarefas de flexibilidade cognitiva, planejamento, fluência verbal, memória episódica, qualidade de sono e diminuição da sonolência excessiva diurna. O GHS melhorou a qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna e teve melhoras significativas em capacidade de insights, planejamento, atenção e memória episódica. O GTH teve ganhos significativos na flexibilidade cognitiva, na resolução de problemas, na fluência verbal, na atenção e na memória episódica. Conclusão: Intervenções com treino cognitivo e higiene do sono são estratégias úteis na melhora do desempenho cognitivo e da qualidade de sono de idosos saudáveis, entretanto não houve evidências de que a intervenção com sessões combinando o treino cognitivo e psicoeducação da higiene do sono potencializem os ganhos proporcionados por essas intervenções isoladamente.

Aposentadoria Compulsória no Brasil / Mandatory Retirement in Brazil

O objetivo é suscitar avaliações críticas sobre a aposentadoria compulsória no Brasil, considerando artigos científicos, mídia popular e documentos institucionais. Os resultados demonstram que o tema não é facilmente encontrado, e que há escassez de discussão sobre ele; encontram-se, porém, implícitas, nos programas de incentivo à demissão, discussões sobre preconceito etário, e questões de intergeracionalidade nos contextos de trabalho.(AU)

This study aimed to rise raise critical evaluations of mandatory retirement in Brazil, considering scientific articles, popular media and institutional documents. The results show that the topic is not easily found and that still lack of discussion, however is implicit in the resignation incentive programmes, discussions about ageism and intergenerational in labour contexts.(AU)

Aposentadoria Compulsória no Brasil / Mandatory Retirement in Brazil

O objetivo é suscitar avaliações críticas sobre a aposentadoria compulsória no Brasil, considerando artigos científicos, mídia popular e documentos institucionais. Os resultados demonstram que o tema não é facilmente encontrado, e que há escassez de discussão sobre ele; encontram-se, porém, implícitas, nos programas de incentivo à demissão, discussões sobre preconceito etário, e questões de intergeracionalidade nos contextos de trabalho.

This study aimed to rise raise critical evaluations of mandatory retirement in Brazil, considering scientific articles, popular media and institutional documents. The results show that the topic is not easily found and that still lack of discussion, however is implicit in the resignation incentive programmes, discussions about ageism and intergenerational in labour contexts.