Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis: Brazilian experience.

BACKGROUND: In the past 20 years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been investigated as treatment for systemic sclerosis (SSc). The goal of HSCT is to eradicate the autoreactive immune system, which is replaced by a new immune repertoire with long-lasting regulation and tolerance to autoantigens. Here, we describe the clinical outcomes of severe and refractory SSc patients that underwent HSCT at a single Brazilian center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a longitudinal and retrospective study, including 70 adult SSc patients, with an established diagnosis of SSc, and who underwent autologous HSCT from 2009 to 2016. The procedure included harvesting and cryopreservation of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells, followed by administration of an immunoablative regimen and subsequent infusion of the previously collected cells. Patients were evaluated immediately before transplantation, at 6 months and then yearly until at least 5-years of post-transplantation follow-up. At each evaluation time point, patients underwent clinical examination, including modified Rodnan's skin score (mRSS) assessment, echocardiography, high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs and pulmonary function. RESULTS: Median (range) age was 35.9 (19-59), with 57 (81.4%) female and median (range) non-Raynaud's disease duration of 2 (1-7) years. Before transplantation, 96% of the patients had diffuse skin involvement, 84.2%, interstitial lung disease and 67%, positive anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. Skin involvement significantly improved, with a decline in mRSS at all post-transplantation time points until at least 5-years of follow-up. When patients with pre-HSCT interstitial lung disease were analyzed, there was an improvement in pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide) over the 5-year follow-up. Overall survival was 81% and progression-free survival was 70.5% at 8-years after HSCT. Three patients died due to transplant-related toxicity, 9 patients died over follow-up due to disease reactivation and one patient died due to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation improves skin and interstitial lung involvement. These results are in line with the international experience and support HSCT as a viable therapeutic alternative for patients with severe and progressive systemic sclerosis.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis: Brazilian experience

Abstract Background: In the past 20 years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been investigated as treatment for systemic sclerosis (SSc). The goal of HSCT is to eradicate the autoreactive immune system, which is replaced by a new immune repertoire with long-lasting regulation and tolerance to autoantigens. Here, we describe the clinical outcomes of severe and refractory SSc patients that underwent HSCT at a single Brazilian center. Patients and methods: This is a longitudinal and retrospective study, including 70 adult SSc patients, with an established diagnosis of SSc, and who underwent autologous HSCT from 2009 to 2016. The procedure included harvesting and cryopreservation of autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells, followed by administration of an immunoablative regimen and subsequent infusion of the previously collected cells. Patients were evaluated immediately before transplantation, at 6 months and then yearly until at least 5-years of post-transplantation follow-up. At each evaluation time point, patients underwent clinical examination, including modified Rodnan's skin score (mRSS) assessment, echocardiography, high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs and pulmonary function. Results: Median (range) age was 35.9 (19-59), with 57 (81.4%) female and median (range) non-Raynaud's disease duration of 2 (1-7) years. Before transplantation, 96% of the patients had diffuse skin involvement, 84.2%, interstitial lung disease and 67%, positive anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. Skin involvement significantly improved, with a decline in mRSS at all post-transplantation time points until at least 5-years of follow-up. When patients with pre-HSCT interstitial lung disease were analyzed, there was an improvement in pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide) over the 5-year follow-up. Overall survival was 81% and progression-free survival was 70.5% at 8-years after HSCT. Three patients died due to transplant-related toxicity, 9 patients died over follow-up due to disease reactivation and one patient died due to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Conclusions: Autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation improves skin and interstitial lung involvement. These results are in line with the international experience and support HSCT as a viable therapeutic alternative for patients with severe and progressive systemic sclerosis.(AU)

Durometry as an alternative tool to the modified Rodnan's skin score in the assessment of diffuse systemic sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The reproducibility and reliability of the modified Rodnan's Skin Score (mRSS) are debated due to investigator-related subjectivity. Here, we evaluate if durometry correlates with mRSS in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019, including 58 diffuse SSc patients. Two certified researchers, blind to each other's scores, performed the mRSS, followed by durometry at 17 predefined skin sites. For durometry and mRSS, individual scores per skin site were registered. Durometry and mRSS results measured by each researcher, as well as scores from different researchers, were compared. Skin thickness measurements from forearm skin biopsies were available in a subset of the patients, for comparisons. Statistical analyses included Cohen's Kappa Coefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Kendall's Coefficient and Spearman's test. RESULTS: Mean (standard deviation, SD) patient age was 44.8 (12.9) years, and 88% were female. Inter-rater agreement varied from 0.88 to 0.99 (Intraclass correlation coefficient) for durometry, and 0.54 to 0.79 (Cohen's Kappa coefficient) for mRSS, according to the specific evaluated sites. When data were compared with skin thickness assessed in forearm biopsies, durometry correlated better with skin thickness than mRSS. CONCLUSION: Durometry may be considered as an alternative method to quantify skin involvement in patients with diffuse SSc. The strong inter-rater agreement suggests that the method may be useful for the assessment of patients by multiple researchers, as in clinical trials.

Durometry as an alternative tool to the modified Rodnans skin score in the assessment of diffuse systemic sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background The reproducibility and reliability of the modified Rodnan's Skin Score (mRSS) are debated due to investigator-related subjectivity. Here, we evaluate if durometry correlates with mRSS in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to June 2019, including 58 diffuse SSc patients. Two certified researchers, blind to each other's scores, performed the mRSS, followed by durometry at 17 predefined skin sites. For durometry and mRSS, individual scores per skin site were registered. Durometry and mRSS results measured by each researcher, as well as scores from different researchers, were compared. Skin thickness measurements from forearm skin biopsies were available in a subset of the patients, for comparisons. Statistical analyses included Cohen's Kappa Coefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, Kendall's Coefficient and Spearman's test. Results Mean (standard deviation, SD) patient age was 44.8 (12.9) years, and 88% were female. Inter-rater agreement varied from 0.88 to 0.99 (Intraclass correlation coefficient) for durometry, and 0.54 to 0.79 (Cohen's Kappa coefficient) for mRSS, according to the specific evaluated sites. When data were compared with skin thickness assessed in forearm biopsies, durometry correlated better with skin thickness than mRSS. Conclusion Durometry may be considered as an alternative method to quantify skin involvement in patients with diffuse SSc. The strong inter-rater agreement suggests that the method may be useful for the assessment of patients by multiple researchers, as in clinical trials.(AU)

Virtual learning object in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases.

OBJECTIVE: describe the development of a virtual learning object to provide information about autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells to autoimmune diseases. METHODS: methodological study of a website development, using the instructional design model that includes Analysis, Design, Development and Implementation. RESULTS: the virtual object, available at http://www.transplantardai.com.br, was developed in a web platform, in the Hypertext Markup Language, using the software WebAcappella - Responsive Website Creator (Intuisphere, France 2016). The content was structured in the modules: History, Transplant, Autoimmune Diseases, Links, Guidelines, Speech Team and Doubts. The icons and menus were created in order to attract the user, facilitating the search for information and allowing maximum use of the resources available on the website. CONCLUSION: the methodology used allowed the development of the virtual learning object, which can be used as a tool to guide and disseminate knowledge about this treatment.

Virtual learning object in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases / Objeto virtual de aprendizaje en el trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas para enfermedades autoinmunes / Objeto virtual de aprendizagem no transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas para doenças autoimunes

ABSTRACT Objective: describe the development of a virtual learning object to provide information about autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells to autoimmune diseases. Methods: methodological study of a website development, using the instructional design model that includes Analysis, Design, Development and Implementation. Results: the virtual object, available at http://www.transplantardai.com.br, was developed in a web platform, in the Hypertext Markup Language, using the software WebAcappella - Responsive Website Creator (Intuisphere, France 2016). The content was structured in the modules: History, Transplant, Autoimmune Diseases, Links, Guidelines, Speech Team and Doubts. The icons and menus were created in order to attract the user, facilitating the search for information and allowing maximum use of the resources available on the website. Conclusion: the methodology used allowed the development of the virtual learning object, which can be used as a tool to guide and disseminate knowledge about this treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el desarrollo de un objeto de aprendizaje virtual para proporcionar información sobre el trasplante autólogo de células madre hematopoyéticas en las enfermedades autoinmunes. Métodos: estudio metodológico del desarrollo del sitio web, utilizando el modelo de diseño instruccional (Análisis, Diseño, Desarrollo e Implementación). Resultados: el objeto virtual, disponible en http://www.transplantardai.com.br, fue desarrollado en una plataforma web, en el lenguaje de marcación Hypertext Markup Language, utilizando el software WebAcappella - Responsive Website Creator (Intuisphere, Francia 2016). El contenido se estructuró en los módulos: Historia, Trasplante, Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Links, Guías, Habla Equipo y Dudas. Los iconos y menús fueron creados para atraer al usuario, facilitando la búsqueda de información y permitiendo el máximo aprovechamiento de los recursos disponibles en el sitio web. Conclusión: la metodología utilizada permitió el desarrollo del objeto de aprendizaje virtual, que puede ser utilizado como una herramienta para guiar y difundir el conocimiento sobre este tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento de um objeto virtual de aprendizagem para disponibilização de informações sobre transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoéticas para doenças autoimunes. Métodos: estudo metodológico de desenvolvimento de um website, empregando o modelo de design instrucional que envolve Análise, Design, Desenvolvimento e Implementação. Resultados: o objeto virtual, disponível no endereço eletrônico http://www.transplantardai.com.br, foi desenvolvido em plataforma web, na linguagem de marcação Hypertext Markup Language, utilizando-se o software WebAcappella - Responsive Website Creator (Intuisphere, França 2016). O conteúdo foi estruturado nos seguintes módulos: História, Transplante, Doenças Autoimunes, Links, Orientações, Fala Equipe e Dúvidas. Os ícones e menus foram criados de modo a atrair o usuário, facilitando a busca de informações e permitindo máximo uso dos recursos disponíveis no website. Conclusão: a metodologia empregada permitiu o desenvolvimento do objeto virtual de aprendizagem, que poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta para orientar e disseminar o conhecimento sobre esse tratamento.

Detecção e manejo de disfunções cardíacas em pacientes com esclerose sistêmica tratados com altas doses de ciclofosfamida seguidas por transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas / Detection and management of cardiac disfunction in patients with systemic sclerosis treated with high dose cyclophosphamide followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

O transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoéticas (TACTH) é efetivo para o tratamento da esclerose sistêmica (ES), com controle do acometimento pulmonar, e melhora da fibrose cutânea, da qualidade de vida e aumento da sobrevida global, quando comparado a pacientes não transplantados. Neste tratamento, utiliza-se ciclofosfamida em altas doses, uma droga imunossupressora associada a cardiotoxicidade, potencialmente fatal. A avaliação de potenciais fatores de risco e monitorização clínica durante o procedimento podem contribuir para identificar precocemente a lesão cardíaca aguda e, assim, melhorar o desfecho clínico do paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a ocorrência de disfunções cardíacas e avaliar os fatores de risco clínicos e laboratoriais para o desenvolvimento de toxicidade cardíaca aguda induzida pela ciclofosfamida, em pacientes com ES submetidos ao TACTH. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal e prospectivo, conduzido no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, em pacientes com ES com idade superior a 18 anos, no período de novembro de 2016 a maio de 2018, aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto aos dados clínicos e laboratoriais, incluindo dosagem de peptídeo natriurético, no período pré, durante e 6 meses após o transplante. Foram incluídas 16 mulheres com ES, das quais uma optou por descontinuar a participação no estudo, tendo seus dados excluídos. Nenhum dos participantes apresentava história de uso de substâncias psicoativas ou diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus. Uma paciente era tabagista passiva e uma era tabagista ativa há 24 anos, abstinente desde há três meses antes do início do transplante. Duas pacientes eram hipertensas, controladas com medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. Durante o transplante, 7 (46,7%) pacientes apresentaram alterações cardíacas associadas à ciclofosfamida. As pacientes apresentaram taquicardia, ganho ponderal, aumento de pressão venosa central e dispneia iniciados em menos de 24 horas e até 4 dias após o término da infusão da dose total de ciclofosfamida (200mg/kg) do transplante. Em três, de cinco pacientes submetidas a ecocardiografia, foram detectadas alterações sugestivas de disfunção cardíaca, corroborando os achados clínicos. Uma paciente evoluiu com choque refratário e posterior óbito por falência múltipla de órgãos. Uma paciente necessitou de pericardiocentese de alívio e, nos demais, o manejo com medicações reverteu as alterações clínicas. A dosagem dos níveis séricos de peptídeo natriurético mostrouse mais elevada (p<0,0005) nos pacientes que apresentaram sinais de toxicidade cardíaca. Concluímos que as avaliações clínicas sistematizadas por equipe de enfermagem permitiram a detecção de disfunções cardíacas pós-infusão de altas doses de ciclofosfamida, quadros retrospectivamente comprovados por elevação dos níveis sérico de peptídeo natriurético. O número reduzido de participantes não permitiu fazer análises estatísticas preditoras de cardiotoxicidade e foi uma limitação do estudo. Futuramente, objetivamos aumentar o número de pacientes do estudo e identificar marcadores preditivos de toxicidade cardíaca antes e durante o transplante

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is effective for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), with stabilization of pulmonary involvement and improvement of cutaneous fibrosis, quality of life and overall survival, when compared to non-transplanted patients. Transplant includes high dose cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive drug associated with potentially fatal cardiotoxicity. The evaluation of potential risk factors and clinical monitoring during the procedure may contribute to early identification of acute cardiac injury and thus improve the patient's clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to detect cardiac dysfunctions and to evaluate clinical and laboratory risk factors for the development of acute cardiac toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in SSc patients submitted to AHSCT. This is a longitudinal and prospective study, conducted in the University Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School (Brazil), in patients with SSc, older than 18 years of age, from November 2016 to May 2018. The protocol has been approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee and all patients signed informed consent. Patients were evaluated for clinical and laboratory data, including natriuretic peptide dosage before, during and at the 6 months post-transplant time point Sixteen women with SSc were included, one of whom chose to discontinue participation in the study, having their data excluded. None of the participants had a history of psychoactive substance abuse or a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. One patient was a passive smoker and another, an active smoker for 24 years, not smoking in the three months before transplantation. Two patients had their blood pressure controlled with antihypertensive drugs. During transplantation, 7 (46.7%) patients had cardiac changes associated with cyclophosphamide. The patients presented tachycardia, weight gain, increased central venous pressure and dyspnoea initiated in less than 24 hours and up to 4 days after the end of the infusion of the total cyclophosphamide dose (200mg / kg) of the transplant. In three of five patients investigated by echocardiography, alterations suggestive of cardiac dysfunction were detected, corroborating the clinical findings of cardiac dysfunction. One patient evolved with refractory shock and subsequent death due to multiple organ failure. One patient required pericardiocentesis due to cardiac tamponade and, in the others, management with medications reversed the clinical alterations. Serum natriuretic peptide levels were higher (p<0,0005) in the patients with than in the patients without any signs of cardiac toxicity. Clinical evaluations by the nursing staff allowed the detection of cardiac dysfunctions after infusion of high dose cyclophosphamide, retrospectively confirmed by elevation of serum levels of natriuretic peptide. The reduced number of participants did not allow for statistical analyzes to predict cardiotoxicity and was a limitation of the study. In the future, we aim to increase the number of patients in the study and to identify predictive markers of cardiotoxicity before and during transplant procedure

Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Acupuncture versus Sham Acupuncture: a Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: to identify and synthesize the evidence from randomized clinical trials that tested the effectiveness of traditional Chinese acupuncture in relation to sham acupuncture for the treatment of hot flashes in menopausal women with breast cancer. METHOD: systematic review guided by the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. Citations were searched in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and LILACS. A combination of the following keywords was used: breast neoplasm, acupuncture, acupuncture therapy, acupuncture points, placebos, sham treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, menopause, climacteric, and vasomotor symptoms. RESULTS: a total of 272 studies were identified, five of which were selected and analyzed. Slight superiority of traditional acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture was observed; however, there were no strong statistical associations. CONCLUSIONS: the evidence gathered was not sufficient to affirm the effectiveness of traditional acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture. OBJETIVO: identificar e sintetizar as evidências oriundas de ensaios clínicos randomizados que testaram a efetividade da acupuntura tradicional chinesa em relação à sham acupuntura para o tratamento dos fogachos em mulheres com câncer de mama no climatério. MÉTODO: revisão sistemática guiada pelas recomendações da Colaboração Cochrane. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL Cochrane, CINAHL e LILACS. Adotou-se a combinação dos descritores: breast neoplasm, acupuncture, acupuncture therapy, acupuncture points, placebos, sham treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, menopause, climacteric, vasomotor symptoms. RESULTADOS: foram identificados 272 estudos, sendo 5 selecionados e analisados. Foi observada discreta superioridade da acupuntura tradicional em relação à sham, entretanto, sem fortes associações estatísticas. CONCLUSÕES: as evidências obtidas não foram suficientes para afirmar quanto à efetividade da acupuntura tradicional em relação à sham. OBJETIVO: Identificar y sintetizar la evidencia de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado que examinó la eficacia de la acupuntura tradicional en relación a la acupuntura sham para el tratamiento de sofocos en las mujeres menopáusicas con cáncer de mama. MÉTODO: Revisión sistemática guiada por las recomendaciones de la Colaboración Cochrane. Las referencias bibliográficas se buscaron en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE vía PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL y LILACS. Se utilizó una combinación de las siguientes palabras clave: breast neoplasm, acupuncture, acupuncture therapy, acupuncture points, placebos, sham treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, menopause, climacteric, vasomotor symptoms. RESULTADOS: Se identificó un total de 272 estudios, cinco de los cuales fueron seleccionados y analizados. Se encontró una ligera superioridad de la acupuntura tradicional comparada con la acupuntura sham; sin embargo, no se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas fuertes. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia obtenida no fue suficiente para confirmar la eficacia de la acupuntura tradicional comparada con la acupuntura sham.

Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Acupuncture versus Sham Acupuncture: a Systematic Review / Efetividade da Acupuntura Tradicional Chinesa versus Sham Acupuntura: revisão sistemática / Eficacia de la Acupuntura Tradicional China frente a la Acupuntura Sham: una revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify and synthesize the evidence from randomized clinical trials that tested the effectiveness of traditional Chinese acupuncture in relation to sham acupuncture for the treatment of hot flashes in menopausal women with breast cancer. Method: systematic review guided by the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. Citations were searched in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and LILACS. A combination of the following keywords was used: breast neoplasm, acupuncture, acupuncture therapy, acupuncture points, placebos, sham treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, menopause, climacteric, and vasomotor symptoms. Results: a total of 272 studies were identified, five of which were selected and analyzed. Slight superiority of traditional acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture was observed; however, there were no strong statistical associations. Conclusions: the evidence gathered was not sufficient to affirm the effectiveness of traditional acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar e sintetizar as evidências oriundas de ensaios clínicos randomizados que testaram a efetividade da acupuntura tradicional chinesa em relação à sham acupuntura para o tratamento dos fogachos em mulheres com câncer de mama no climatério. Método: revisão sistemática guiada pelas recomendações da Colaboração Cochrane. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL Cochrane, CINAHL e LILACS. Adotou-se a combinação dos descritores: breast neoplasm, acupuncture, acupuncture therapy, acupuncture points, placebos, sham treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, menopause, climacteric, vasomotor symptoms. Resultados: foram identificados 272 estudos, sendo 5 selecionados e analisados. Foi observada discreta superioridade da acupuntura tradicional em relação à sham, entretanto, sem fortes associações estatísticas. Conclusões: as evidências obtidas não foram suficientes para afirmar quanto à efetividade da acupuntura tradicional em relação à sham.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y sintetizar la evidencia de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado que examinó la eficacia de la acupuntura tradicional en relación a la acupuntura sham para el tratamiento de sofocos en las mujeres menopáusicas con cáncer de mama. Método: Revisión sistemática guiada por las recomendaciones de la Colaboración Cochrane. Las referencias bibliográficas se buscaron en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE vía PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL y LILACS. Se utilizó una combinación de las siguientes palabras clave: breast neoplasm, acupuncture, acupuncture therapy, acupuncture points, placebos, sham treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, menopause, climacteric, vasomotor symptoms. Resultados: Se identificó un total de 272 estudios, cinco de los cuales fueron seleccionados y analizados. Se encontró una ligera superioridad de la acupuntura tradicional comparada con la acupuntura sham; sin embargo, no se encontraron asociaciones estadísticas fuertes. Conclusiones: La evidencia obtenida no fue suficiente para confirmar la eficacia de la acupuntura tradicional comparada con la acupuntura sham.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente em unidade de cuidados intensivos: desafios que procedem? / Multi-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients from an intensive care unit: persistent challenge?

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a ocorrência de infecção hospitalar por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente em pacientes hospitalizados em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODO: estudo retrospectivo realizado de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2004 em um hospital de emergências. RESULTADOS: Totalizou-se 68 portadores de bactérias multiresistentes sendo 10 (14,7 por cento) de P. aeruginosa. Destes, 8 pacientes eram do sexo masculino, as médias de idade e de internação foram respectivamente de 57 anos a média de idade, 43,7 a média de dias de internação e 7 pacientes morreram. Isolaram-se 8 cepas no sangue, cinco na urina, duas em cateteres venosos e uma no líquor, das quais sete sensíveis somente a polimixina e três ao imipenem. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil microbiológico deve ser avaliado periodicamente visto que é específico de uma unidade ou instituição, e demanda ações correlatas.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of multi-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection among patients from an Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in an Emergency Hospital. Data were collected from October 2003 to September 2004. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients were infected with multi-resistant bacteria. Ten of these patients (14.7 percent) were infected with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Among these with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, 8 patients were male and they had a mean age of 57 years and a mean of hospitalization of 43.7 days. Strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa were isolated in blood (n =8), in urine (n = 5), in venous catheter port (n = 2), and in cerebrospinal fluid (n =1). Seven of these strains were sensitive to Polymyxin B and 3 strains were sensitive to Imipenem. CONCLUSIONS: Since patients' microbiological profile is specific to a unit or institution, it should be assessed periodically and addressed with specific interventions.

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la ocurrencia de infección hospitalaria por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente en pacientes hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo realizado de octubre del 2003 a setiembre del 2004 en un hospital de emergencias. RESULTADOS: Se tuvo un total de 68 portadores de bacterias multiresistentes de las cuales 10 (14,7 por ciento) de P. aeruginosa. De éstos, 8 pacientes eran del sexo masculino, los promedios de edad y de internamiento fueron respectivamente de 57 años y 43,7 de días de internamiento y 7 pacientes murieron. Se aislaron 8 cepas en la sangre, cinco en la orina, dos en catéteres venosos y una en el licor, de ellas siete eran sensibles sólo a la polimixina y tres al imipenem. CONCLUSION: El perfil microbiológico debe ser evaluado periódicamente dado que es específico de una unidad o institución, y demanda acciones correlatas.

Ocorrência de bactérias multiresistentes em um centro de Terapia Intensiva de Hospital brasileiro de emergências / Occurrence of multi-resistant bacteria in the Intensive Care unit of a Brazilian hospital of emergencies

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A infecção hospitalar representa um desafio na prática clínica do paciente hospitalizado. A sua ocorrência determina um aumento considerável no período de hospitalização, da morbimortalidade e, paralelamente contribui na elevação dos custos hospitalares. Os pacientes hospitalizados, em especial, na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, são particularmente mais susceptíveis à infecção hospitalar, dada as suas condições clínicas, que exigem procedimentos invasivos e terapia antimicrobiana. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de bactérias multiresistentes em pacientes hospitalizados em Centro de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital brasileiro de emergências. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, realizado no período de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2004, mediante aprovação do Comitê de Ética. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o programa Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 10.0 após elaboração do banco de dados mediante a codificação de cada uma das variáveis e dupla digitação. RESULTADOS: Totalizou-se 68 pacientes portadores de bactérias multiresistentes dos quais 47 (69,1 por cento) do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 55 anos correspondeu. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a intubação endotraqueal e a punção venosa central. CONCLUSÕES: O Staphylococcus sp. coagulase-negativo foi a bactéria mais freqüente (36,4 por cento) seguido do Staphylococcus aureus (19 por cento). A classe de antimicrobiano mais utilizado foi a cefalosporina (21,4 por cento). O conhecimento das infecções permitiu refletir sobre a problemática da multiresistência, orientar as ações educativas e favorecer as intervenções de prevenção e controle de situações-problema.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nosocomial infection represents a challenge in clinical practice involving hospitalized patients, as they considerably extend the hospitalization period and morbidity and mortality rates and, at the same time, increase hospital costs. Given their clinical conditions, which require invasive procedures and antimicrobial treatment, hospitalized patients, especially at the Intensive Care Unit, are particularly susceptible to hospital infection. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of multiresistant bacteria in patients hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit of a Brazilian emergency hospital. METHODS: Our retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee and considered the period between October 2003 and September 2004. A database was developed through variable coding and double entry, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 10.0, was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Multiresistant bacteria were identified in 68 patients, 47 (69.1 percent) of whom were men, with 55 years as the mean age. All patients were submitted to endotracheal intubation and central venipuncture. The most frequent bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. (36.4 percent), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19 percent). Cephalosporin was the most frequently used (21.4 percent) antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge on infection occurrence provokes reflections on multiresistance, directs educative actions and favors interventions to prevent and control problem situations.

[Occurrence of multi-resistant bacteria in the Intensive Care unit of a Brazilian hospital of emergencies]. / Ocorrência de bactérias multiresistentes em um centro de Terapia Intensiva de Hospital brasileiro de emergências.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nosocomial infection represents a challenge in clinical practice involving hospitalized patients, as they considerably extend the hospitalization period and morbidity and mortality rates and, at the same time, increase hospital costs. Given their clinical conditions, which require invasive procedures and antimicrobial treatment, hospitalized patients, especially at the Intensive Care Unit, are particularly susceptible to hospital infection. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of multiresistant bacteria in patients hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit of a Brazilian emergency hospital. METHODS: Our retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee and considered the period between October 2003 and September 2004. A database was developed through variable coding and double entry, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 10.0, was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Multiresistant bacteria were identified in 68 patients, 47 (69.1%) of whom were men, with 55 years as the mean age. All patients were submitted to endotracheal intubation and central venipuncture. The most frequent bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. (36.4%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19%). Cephalosporin was the most frequently used (21.4%) antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge on infection occurrence provokes reflections on multiresistance, directs educative actions and favors interventions to prevent and control problem situations.