ROUNDS Studies: Relation of OUtcomes with Nutrition Despite Severity-Round One: Ultrasound Muscle Measurements in Critically Ill Adult Patients.

Malnutrition (undernutrition) encompasses low intake or uptake, loss of fat mass, and muscle wasting and is associated with worse outcomes. Ultrasound has been introduced in the intensive care unit as a tool to assess muscle mass. The aim of the present study is to explore the relation between initial muscle mass and mortality in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Methods. Rectus femoris and vastus intermedius thicknesses were measured by B-mode ultrasound in adult patients at admission, along with demographic characteristics, illness severity, comorbidities, biochemical variables, treatments, and in-hospital mortality as main outcomes. Analysis was made comparing survivors versus nonsurvivors and finally using binary logistic regression with mortality as dependent variable. Results. 59 patients were included in the analysis, severity measured by sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was greater in nonsurvivors (17 (7) versus 24 (10) and 3 (1-5) versus 7 (3-10), resp.). Also, muscle thickness was lower in the latter group (1.44 (0.59) cm versus 0.98 (0.3) cm). Logistic regression showed severity by SOFA score as a risk factor and muscle thickness as a protective factor for mortality. Conclusion. Muscle mass showed to be a protective factor despite severity of illness; there is much more work to do regarding interventions and monitoring in order to prevent or overcome low muscle mass at admission to the intensive care unit.

Bedside Ultrasound Measurement of Rectus Femoris: A Tutorial for the Nutrition Support Clinician.

Intensive care unit acquired weakness is a long-term consequence after critical illness; it has been related to muscle atrophy and can be considered as one of the main nutritional support challenges at the intensive care unit. Measuring muscle mass by image techniques has become a new area of research for the nutritional support field, extending our knowledge about muscle wasting and the impact of nutritional approaches in the critical care setting, although currently there is no universally accepted technique to perform muscle measurements by ultrasound. Because of this, we present this tutorial for nutrition support clinicians, in order to understand and perform muscle measurements by this reliable, accessible, low-cost, and easy-to-use technique. Reviewing issues such as quadriceps muscle anatomy, correct technique (do's and don'ts), identification of structures, and measurement of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles helps to acquire the basic concepts of this technique and encouraging more research in this field.

Leiomioma con extensión intracardiaca que condiciona insuficiencia cardiaca aguda: Reporte de caso / Leiomyoma with intracardiac extensión leading to acute heart failure: (case report)

Son raros los casos de leiomiomas intravenosos con extensión intracardiaca. En pacientes con manifestaciones de sobrecarga de cavidades derechas o quienes debutan con síntomas de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y cuyos síntomas no mejoran con el manejo convencional, se debe considerar esta entidad, y es importante evaluar de forma integral con estudios de gabinete como electrocardiograma, ecocardiograma, tomografía o resonancia magnética. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 46 años que manifiesta síntomas de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda e inadecuada respuesta a los fármacos convencionales. Con hallazgos ecocardiográficos de tumoración en atrio derecho que protruye a ventrículo derecho y causa insuficiencia tricuspídea. Por estudio tomográfico se confirma la extensión del tumor a vena cava inferior y ventrículo derecho; se resuelve de forma quirúrgica con resección radical y se confirma la extirpación histológica mediante estudio anatomopatológico.

Cases of intravenous leiomyoma with intracardiac extension are rare. Patients with signs of right-sided overload who present symptoms of acute heart failure and whose symptoms do not improve with conventional management, we must consider this entity. It is important to comprehensively assess with imaging studies such as electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, Tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance. The following is a report of the case of a 46 year old woman with symptoms of acute heart failure and inadequate response to conventional drugs. The echocardiographic show findings of a tumor in the right atrium, protruding to the right ventricle causing tricuspid regurgitation. The CT scan confirmed the extent of the tumor to the inferior vena cava and right ventricle, and was resolved surgically with radical resection and histology lineage confirmed by pathologic examination.