RESUMO
Growth plate injury is a debilitating condition for children. To our knowledge, there is currently no systematic review regarding the complication of epiphyseal injury. Thus, the authors would like to conduct a systematic review regarding this topic. The following strategy was used: the terms used on the PubMed search engine were "growth plate injuries complications." Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to perform the comprehensive data collection. The initial PubMed search yielded 341 titles and 81 articles included according to the inclusion criteria, but 20 articles were eliminated according to the exclusion criteria. The final total number of articles was 61. The epiphyseal injury usually ends with a good functional outcome, although some serious complication risk remains.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fracture is an uncommon entity, but it poses significant morbidity to patient's knee and activities. A combination of PCL avulsion fracture with Segond fracture is rare and has not been described much before in known literature. In this case report, we present a rare case of a combination of these two injuries. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old cyclist who sustained left knee injury after a high-velocity fall while cycling. He fell with his anteromedial side of his left knee hitting the ground in flexion. After the fall, he felt excruciating pain and unable to bear weight. Examination revealed severe joint effusion, tenderness on posterior and lateral side of the left knee, no vascular injury and neurological deficit present. Radiographic examination revealed PCL avulsion fracture and Segond fracture. Five days after the injury, the avulsed PCL fragment and the lateral tibial plateau fragment were reduced and fixed with 3.5 mm cortical screw and washers. On the follow up, the patient stated that there is no pain on weightbearing position and after evaluated with Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the result is 90%. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Although the combination of PCL avulsion fracture and Segond fracture is rare, this pattern of injury could happen and could be considered when evaluating knee injuries. CONCLUSION: Both fractures need to be addressed and managed adequately to restore knee stability and prevent early joint degeneration.
