RESUMO
The endophytic strain Gluconobacter frateurii ML.ISBL3 was isolated from aerial roots of Syngonium podophyllum in Hong Kong. Its complete genome, established through hybrid assembly, comprises a single chromosome of 3,309,710 bp (56.30% G+C).
RESUMO
The endophytic strain Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola ML.9ba2 was isolated from aerial roots of Philodendron erubescens in Hong Kong. Its complete genome of 5,682,083 bp (57.29% G+C), comprising a single chromosome and an IncF plasmid, was established through hybrid assembly.
RESUMO
The C1-metabolizing strain Enterobacter roggenkampii RX.G5M56 was isolated from a freshwater stream in Hong Kong. Its complete genome, a single chromosome of 4,772,201 bp (GC content of 56.05%), was established through hybrid assembly.
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The cellulolytic strain Klebsiella sp. CTHL.F3a was isolated from kimchi (Korean fermented cabbage/vegetables). Its complete genome sequence (6,146,223 bp, GC content of 55.21%), comprising a chromosome and a single plasmid, was established through hybrid assembly.
RESUMO
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a widely distributed, Gram-negative bacillus that is increasingly identified as a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen of concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of nine strains that were isolated from a freshwater catchment area in Hong Kong, corresponding to four different monophyletic lineages within the species.
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Staphylococcus arlettae is commonly found on the skin of animals. Here, we describe the complete genome sequence of S. arlettae AHKW2e (2,649,260 bp; GC content, 33.6%), isolated from a dog's paws in Hong Kong, established through hybrid assembly and representing the second complete genome sequence of this species.
RESUMO
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae MMCC7 is a multidrug- and heavy metal-resistant strain isolated from the feces of a pet shop eclectus parrot in Hong Kong. The complete genome, a single chromosome and circular plasmid (5,382,488 bp; G+C content, 57.79%), was determined by hybrid assembly.
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The enterobacterium genus Kluyvera is widely distributed in the environment and a rare source of infection in humans. Kluyvera sp. strain CRP was isolated from feces of a healthy, captive Chinese red panda (Ailurus fulgens), and its complete genome (5,157,963 bp, 54.80% GC content) was established through hybrid assembly.
RESUMO
Micrococcus luteus strain CW.Ay was isolated from indoor air in Hong Kong. The complete genome (2,543,764 bp; GC content, 72.93%) was established by hybrid assembly and comprised a linear plasmid and a single chromosome featuring many genes to account for its broad distribution in very diverse habitats.
RESUMO
Acinetobacter pittii is widespread in the environment, and the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex, to which it belongs, is a major cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia. A. pitti BHS4 was isolated from an air-conditioning unit in Hong Kong and its complete genome sequence (3,901,980 bp; GC content, 38.79%) established through hybrid assembly.
RESUMO
Kosakonia cowanii is a Gram-negative, motile, facultative anaerobic enterobacterium that is found in soil, water, and sewage. K. cowanii SMBL-WEM22 is a halotolerant strain that was isolated from seawater in Hong Kong. The complete genome of SMBL-WEM22 (5,037,617 bp, with a GC content of 55.02%) was determined by hybrid assembly of short- and long-read DNA sequences.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/embriologia , Leite , Triazinas/toxicidade , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Feto/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Cálculos Renais/induzido quimicamente , Troca Materno-Fetal , Camundongos , Nefrite/induzido quimicamente , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Triazinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Here we report the cloning and characterization of chicken visfatin (also called pre-B cell enhancing factor; PBEF, or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; Nampt) gene. Sequence analyses revealed that the coding region of visfatin is 1,482 bp in length and encodes a protein of 493 amino acids, which shares high amino acid sequence identity not only to visfatin of human (94%), rat (94%), carp (89%), and zebrafish (89%), but also to Nampt of sponge (58%) and cyanobacterium (48%). The reverse transcription PCR assay and Northern-blot analysis demonstrated that visfatin was widely expressed in all chicken tissues examined. Using a dual luciferase reporter system, we further demonstrated that the cloned 1,372-bp fragment upstream of the putative translation start site (ATG) displayed the maximal promoter activity in cultured CHO, DF-1, and HEK293 cells, whereas the removal of its 5'-region (1,075 bp) or 3'-region (297 bp) could only partially reduce its promoter activity, implying that visfatin gene transcription was likely controlled by multiple promoters near the translation start site. Taken together, results from present study will contribute to our better understanding of the expression and roles of visfatin gene in chickens.
Assuntos
Galinhas/metabolismo , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/fisiologia , Tecido Adiposo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Galinhas/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferase/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
In various practical applications, nanomaterials typically have functionalized surfaces. Yet, the studies of toxicity and antibacterial activity of functionalized nanoparticles are scarce. We investigated the effect of surface modifications on antibacterial activity of ZnO under ambient illumination, and we found that nanoparticles coated with different surface modifying reagents could exhibit higher or lower toxicity compared to bare ZnO, depending on the surface modifying reagent used. Different surface modifying reagent molecules resulted in differences in the release of Zn(2+) ions and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the antibacterial activity did not correlate with the ROS levels or the Zn(2+) ion release. One of the surface-modified ZnO samples exhibited significantly lower Zn(2+) ion release while at the same time exhibiting improved antibacterial activity. In all cases, damage of the cell wall membranes and/or changes in the membrane permeability have been observed, together with the changes in ATR-FTIR spectra indicating differences in protein conformation. Mechanisms of antibacterial activity are discussed.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Bacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Iluminação , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Propriedades de SuperfícieAssuntos
Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/virologia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Vesiculovirus/patogenicidade , Ligação Viral , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , Animais , Gatos , Células Cultivadas , Galinhas , Chinchila , Quirópteros , Cricetinae , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/virologia , Cães , Vetores Genéticos , Cobaias , Especificidade de Hospedeiro , Humanos , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Mesocricetus , Camundongos , Phodopus , Coelhos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/fisiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/transmissão , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus , Sus scrofa , Vesiculovirus/fisiologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/metabolismo , ViverridaeRESUMO
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a swine disease of major economic importance that causes reproductive and respiratory problems in pigs. PRRSV strains are divided into European (Type 1) and North-American (Type 2) genotypes. Within the European PRRSV genotype, three subtypes have been delineated. Full genome sequences for North American and European subtype 1 strains have been described. Here, the first complete genomic characterization of a European subtype 3 strain (Lena) is described. Amplification of Orf1a and Orf1b fragments was achieved using a set of degenerate oligonucleotides. Using RT-PCR with Lena-specific primers, the full length sequence (15001 nt) was obtained. Alignment of Lena with European subtype 1 reference strain Lelystad showed variation over the entire length (84% identity/89% similarity at amino acid level) with the most variation in Orf1a (Nsp2/NSP2) with a deletion of 29 amino acids. Phylogenetic relationships using different Orfs supported Lena's genetic distinction from European subtype 1 strains. The availability of the European subtype 3 PRRSV full genome may be important for the understanding of PRRSV evolution and the more pronounced pathogenic nature of Lena.
Assuntos
Genoma Viral , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/virologia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/genética , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Europa (Continente) , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Filogenia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/classificação , SuínosRESUMO
Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its structurally related peptides, GHRH-like peptide (GHRH-LP) (also called PRP), peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), have been reported to play important physiological roles in pituitary and extrapituitary tissues of vertebrates; however, little is known about the identity of these GHRH-related peptide receptors in birds. In this study, 6 receptors for GHRH and GHRH-related peptides (cGHRHR(1), cGHRHR(2), cGHRH-LPR, cPAC(1), cVPAC(1), and cVPAC(2)) were cloned from chicken brain or pituitary, and their functionalities were examined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using a pGL3-CRE-luciferase reporter system. Results showed that: (1) all receptors are G protein-coupled receptors functionally coupled to the intracellular PKA signaling pathway; (2) 2 GHRH receptors (cGHRHR(1) and cGHRHR(2)) were identified, and both receptors could be potently activated by cGHRH; (3) cGHRH-LP could activate its specific receptor cGHRH-LPR (cPRP-R), and it also activated cGHRHR(1) and cGHRHR(2); and (4) PACAP could potently activate its receptors cPAC(1), cVPAC(1) and cVPAC(2); however, cVPAC(1) and cVPAC(2) could also be effectively activated by cVIP and tPHI, indicating that they can serve as VIP receptors and potential PHI receptors. Using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, we further examined the mRNA expression of these receptors in adult chicken tissues. The expressions of cGHRHR(1), cGHRHR(2), and cGHRH-LPR are restricted mainly to the pituitary and/or brain, whereas cPAC(1), cVPAC(1), and cVPAC(2) are expressed in most of the tissues examined. Collectively, our study identified the receptors for chicken GHRH and GHRH-related peptides, including a novel GHRH receptor (cGHRHR(2)), and established a basis to elucidate the roles of these peptides in target tissues.
Assuntos
Galinhas/metabolismo , Polipeptídeo Hipofisário Ativador de Adenilato Ciclase/metabolismo , Receptores de Neuropeptídeos/metabolismo , Receptores de Hormônios Reguladores de Hormônio Hipofisário/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo II de Peptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/metabolismo , Receptores Tipo I de Polipeptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Células CHO , Galinhas/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polipeptídeo Hipofisário Ativador de Adenilato Ciclase/genética , RNA/química , RNA/genética , Receptores de Neuropeptídeos/genética , Receptores de Hormônios Reguladores de Hormônio Hipofisário/genética , Receptores Tipo II de Peptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/genética , Receptores Tipo I de Polipeptídeo Intestinal Vasoativo/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Transfecção/veterináriaRESUMO
This note describes the development of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the limpet Cellana grata to investigate population structure and cohort variation in this species. The number of alleles ranged from seven to 22 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.62 to 0.95. Deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in two loci, both as a result of heterozygote deficiency. Null alleles were detected in one of these loci. These genetic markers will be used to investigate the genetic structure of C. grata populations, as well as variation among cohorts of this common intertidal species.
RESUMO
1. The adenovirus-mediated overexpression of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein (S) and its C-terminal domain (S2) induce apoptosis in Vero E6 cells. 2. Such apoptosis in Vero E6 cells is time- and dose-dependent. 3. The adenovirus-mediated overexpression of SARS-CoV N-terminal domain (S1) and other structural proteins, including E,M and N protein, do not induce apoptosis.