Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 18(4): 352-6, 1999 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10223689

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: After the occurrence of two cases of bloodstream infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in our regional neonatal intensive care unit, we studied the epidemiology of VRE and applied extensive infection control measures to the unit to control VRE transmission. METHODS: Infection control measures applied to the unit included weekly surveillance for VRE colonization; education; cohorting of VRE-positive, VRE-negative and VRE-exposed babies with separate personnel and equipment for each group; use of gowns and gloves on room entry; and hand washing before and after each patient contact. Risk factors for VRE colonization were determined with a stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS: Thirty-three (40.2%) babies became colonized with VRE. The VRE colonization rate was reduced from 67% to 7% after implementation of infection control measures. Prolonged antimicrobial treatment and low birth weight were significantly associated with an increased risk of VRE colonization. CONCLUSION: VRE can spread rapidly among newborns in a regional neonatal intensive care unit. Strict infection control measures can reduce the rate of VRE colonization among neonates.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/prevenção & controle , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Controle de Infecções , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Fatores de Risco
2.
J Clin Microbiol ; 35(12): 3308-10, 1997 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9399542

RESUMO

This study compared the use of Diamond's modified medium to InPouch for the culture of Trichomonas vaginalis from pooled vaginal secretions. The sensitivity for InPouch was 82.4% (61/74) versus 87.8% (65/74) for Diamond's modified medium. There were no significant differences in the sensitivity and negative predictive value of InPouch compared to Diamond's modified medium.


Assuntos
Parasitologia/métodos , Vaginite por Trichomonas/diagnóstico , Vaginite por Trichomonas/parasitologia , Trichomonas vaginalis/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Animais , Meios de Cultura , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parasitologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Trichomonas vaginalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento
3.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ; 17(3): 178-80, 1996 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8708360

RESUMO

The in vitro activities of bacitracin and mupirocin were compared for seven different strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Six of seven strains showed bacitracin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5 to 1.0 units/mL, and all seven had mupirocin MICs of 0.5 to 2 micrograms/mL. Time-kill studies revealed 2.6- to 4.5-log reduction in 24 hours with strains susceptible to bacitracin (4 units/mL) and 0 to 2.2 reduction with mupirocin (16 micrograms/mL). Bacitracin should be considered further for in vivo studies because of enhanced bacteriocidal effect and lower cost.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacocinética , Bacitracina/farmacocinética , Resistência a Meticilina , Mupirocina/farmacocinética , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , New York , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Microb Drug Resist ; 1(4): 307-13, 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9158801

RESUMO

In a community hospital in Brooklyn, New York, over a 3-year period, 79 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from five different case clusters were subtyped by Southern blot hybridization with two previously characterized gene probes, mec and Tn554. Together, the genotyping enabled the hospital infection control team to differentiate simultaneous MRSA clusters in the surgical intensive care unit (type I:A) and the open heart unit (type II:J), document the spread of one strain (type I:A) between roommates, identify an endemic strain (type II:J) from cardiac monitors and medical personnel, and identify an unrelated outbreak strain (type II:NH) in the labor and delivery unit. On the basis of this investigation it is clear that the routine DNA fingerprinting of MRSA in health care facilities, to monitor their spread and identify cases of nosocomial infections, is an important infection control measure.


Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Resistência a Meticilina/genética , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Southern Blotting , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Sondas de DNA , DNA Bacteriano , Humanos , Meticilina/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Epidemiologia Molecular , Cidade de Nova Iorque/epidemiologia , Penicilinas/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/transmissão
6.
Am J Clin Pathol ; 94(1): 84-6, 1990 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2113765

RESUMO

The ability of the nonradiometric BACTEC NR 660 aerobic 6A blood culture medium to support mycobacterial growth was investigated. During a 19-month period blood cultures from 140 AIDS patients were sent to the microbiology laboratory. After the cultures were incubated for seven days, aliquots of medium from the vials were centrifuged, sediments examined microscopically for mycobacteria, and cultured to mycobacterial media. Seventy-one AIDS patients (51%) had at least one blood culture positive for mycobacteria. There was a significant difference in the percent of female AIDS patients positive for mycobacteria compared to male patients (72% vs. 44%, P less than 0.01). Forty-four percent of all subsequently positive cultures were detected by an acid fast stain of the specimen sediment. Subcultures from the BACTEC 6A suspensions were positive on mycobacterial media at one-seven weeks (mean three weeks) after planting. Sixty-nine of the isolates were Mycobacterium avium complex, while two were Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some bacteremias with M. tuberculosis may have been undetected because growth experiments with a reference strain showed that, in contrast to M. avium complex, M. tuberculosis did not increase in concentration in 6A medium.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/sangue , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/instrumentação , Meios de Cultura , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/crescimento & desenvolvimento
7.
J Clin Microbiol ; 26(11): 2262-5, 1988 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3069859

RESUMO

An analysis of blood culture data was performed to determine whether subculturing within the first 24 h of incubation decreased the time to detection of positive blood cultures when compared with the routine use of the BACTEC NR-660 system (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.). During a 9-month period (June 1985 to February 1986), 17,913 blood cultures were received in our laboratory, of which 1,463 (8.2%) became positive. Of the positive cultures, 97% were detected with equal or greater rapidity by the NR-660 system than by visual inspection and first-day blind subculturing. There were 37 delayed positive cultures from which only one isolate (0.07%) was not eventually detected by the NR-660 system. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the most frequent isolate among the delayed positive cultures, but only 3 of 15 isolates were known to be clinically significant isolates. The longest delay in detection by the NR-660 system was 6 days for one isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans and one isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Although subculturing may decrease the time to detection of a few cultures, the majority of positive blood cultures were detected faster or with equal speed by the NR-660 system. When the data were evaluated, routine use of the NR-660 system was sufficient for the detection of positive blood cultures and was cost-effective.


Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/sangue , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias Aeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Anaeróbias/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Sangue , Meios de Cultura , Humanos
8.
Acta Cytol ; 32(4): 465-70, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2456653

RESUMO

Puzzling rodlike structures overlying benign squamous cells in exfoliative cytologic specimens from the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts were initially considered to be fungi, protozoa, bronchodilator crystals, hemoglobin tactoids or plastic fragments. Their morphologic similarity to Simonsiella, a gram-negative bacteria frequently found in the oral cavity, was ultimately recognized. Further studies of smears and cultures obtained from the oral cavities of the authors and from the American Type Culture Collection confirmed the nature of the original findings. These giant bacterial forms were usually found in caterpillarlike side-by-side arrangements of 10 to 12 organisms. Cytologists should be aware of their appearance to avoid possible confusion with pathogenic organisms.


Assuntos
Bacteroidetes/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/microbiologia , Esôfago/microbiologia , Escarro/microbiologia , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Coloração e Rotulagem
9.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 7(4): 255-9, 1987 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3677576

RESUMO

This article describes a case of enteritis in a 3.5-yr-old child with persistent diarrhea and the isolation of three gastrointestinal pathogens, including a rare human pathogen Hymenolepis diminuta (rat tapeworm). This is the first reported case in the northeastern United States in 20 yr and demonstrates that persons living in homes infested with rodents and arthropods are at risk of acquiring this infection.


Assuntos
Himenolepíase/diagnóstico , Infecções por Campylobacter/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Furazolidona/uso terapêutico , Giardíase/complicações , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Himenolepíase/complicações , Himenolepíase/tratamento farmacológico , Niclosamida/uso terapêutico
10.
Microb Pathog ; 2(4): 269-82, 1987 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3507555

RESUMO

Guinea pigs develop a lethal pneumonia after intratracheal infection with Legionella micdadei, and the lung displays pathological changes similar to those observed in humans. To investigate the role of the resident alveolar macrophage in the pathogenesis of L. micdadei pneumonia, guinea pig alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were cultured in vitro and infected with L. micdadei. In the absence of opsonins L. micdadei was phagocytized by, and multiplied within, alveolar macrophages with greater than a 100-fold increase in cell-associated colony forming units over 20 h. L. micdadei opsonized with complement or antibody multiplied within alveolar macrophages at the same rate as unopsonized bacteria. Guinea pigs which were treated with antimicrobials after infection with L. micdadei and recovered from the pneumonia were immune to challenge with an otherwise lethal inoculum of L. micdadei. However, the growth curve of both unopsonized and opsonized L. micdadei in the alveolar macrophages from immune animals was essentially identical to that in macrophages from susceptible animals. Thus, the resident alveolar macrophage is not capable of limiting the growth of Legionella. Rather, the alveolar macrophages appear to be the primary site of Legionella multiplication within the lung. Although alveolar macrophages may participate in other aspects of pulmonary immunity to the legionellae, these data indicate that the alveolar macrophage alone does not act as an effector cell in cell-mediated immunity to Legionella.


Assuntos
Legionelose/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Animais , Aderência Bacteriana , Células Cultivadas , Citocalasina B/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cobaias , Legionella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Fagocitose
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA