Achieving trust in health-behavior-change artificial intelligence apps (HBC-AIApp) development: A multi-perspective guide.

OBJECTIVE: Trust determines the success of Health-Behavior-Change Artificial Intelligence Apps (HBC-AIApp). Developers of such apps need theory-based practical methods that can guide them in achieving such trust. Our study aimed to develop a comprehensive conceptual model and development process that can guide developers how to build HBC-AIApp in order to support trust creation among the app's users. METHODS: We apply a multi-disciplinary approach where medical informatics, human-centered design, and holistic health methods are integrated to address the trust challenge in HBC-AIApps. The integration extends a conceptual model of trust in AI developed by Jermutus et al., whose properties guide the extension of the IDEAS (integrate, design, assess, and share) HBC-App development process. RESULTS: The HBC-AIApp framework consists of three main blocks: (1) system development methods that study the users' complex reality, hence, their perceptions, needs, goals and environment; (2) mediators and other stakeholders who are important for developing and operating the HBC-AIApp, boundary objects that examine users' activities via the HBC-AIApp; and (3) the HBC-AIApp's structural components, AI logic, and physical implementation. These blocks come together to provide the extended conceptual model of trust in HBC-AIApps and the extended IDEAS process. DISCUSSION: The developed HBC-AIApp framework drew from our own experience in developing trust in HBC-AIApp. Further research will focus on studying the application of the proposed comprehensive HBC-AIApp development framework and whether applying it supports trust creation in such apps.

Philanthropic conference-based requirements engineering in time of pandemic and beyond.

As software engineering (SE) practitioners, we can help society by using our communities of experts to address a software need of a socially conscious organization. Doing so can benefit society in the locale of a SE conference and provide access to international experts for local organizations. Furthermore, established SE researchers as well as practitioners and students have the opportunity for a unique learning experience. While the SE community has already realized the importance of addressing human values and promoting social good objectives in software development, we are unaware of previous attempts to leverage SE conferences for this activity. Conferences present an opportunity to enjoy the assembly of SE practitioners, researchers, and students for the purpose of a philanthropic endeavor. Over the past four years of running a "Requirements Engineering for Social Good" event called RE Cares, co-located with the International Conference on Requirements Engineering, we worked with the stakeholders local to the conference venue. We selected stakeholders who would not necessarily have ready access to requirements engineering, software design, and development expertise otherwise, to build software targeting "good causes." In the last two years, this event was altered to adapt to the constraints induced by COVID-19, moving to a hybrid mode and changing many of its practices accordingly. This paper summarizes and generalizes our experiences, discussing our lessons learned in the context of the pandemic and beyond and providing a framework for conducting similar social contribution in any SE conferences in general.

The decision-making and learning roles of a professional social network: The case of a family physicians' network.

PURPOSE: This research was aimed at studying the evolution and roles of the Israeli physicians' professional social network as perceived by the members of the network. METHODOLOGY: The research examined a case study of RAMBAM/KEHILA professional networks, applying both qualitative and quantitative methods for establishing a grounded theory. FINDINGS: Physicians want to be part of their professional community and consider the network as a place where the "wisdom of the crowd" exists. They seek approval for their initial line of reasoning regarding their clinical cases but will consider other approaches if such are suggested by persons of professional repute or if answers are based on evidence-based medicine. The evolved network constitutes an a-political space which has gained the trust of the community and enables physicians of various ranks to share experiences and thoughts. Moreover, the network fosters learning opportunities and the network dynamics have impact on physicians' professional development. DISCUSSION: This unique ten-year longitudinal research examined the evolution of a professional social network. The research findings have practical and social implications. Practically, the study shows the values of professional network as an instrument for clinicians' lifelong learning and professional development. Socially, the study presents the professional network social role in facilitating social interactions when the network participants are involved in determining its roles and gain trust by avoiding any political or commercial interference.

The influence of a professional physician network on clinical decision making.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the role of physicians' professional networks in decision-making processes. METHODS: A professional network was examined in three stages: content analysis and categorization of discussions concerning decision-making processes, in-depth interviews, and a questionnaire. RESULTS: The RAMBAM network has professional as well as social roles. On a professional level, physicians seek approval of their initial line of reasoning regarding their clinical cases, but will consider other approaches if such are suggested by persons of professional repute or if answers are based on evidence-based medicine and include referral to a relevant source. On a social level, physicians want to be part of their professional community and share information and experiences. CONCLUSION: Physicians' professional networks have a social role that is expressed by a feeling of belonging to a community, as well as a professional role of capturing and disseminating medical knowledge during physicians' decision-making processes. Professional networks constitute a unique source of tacit knowledge that extends existing formal knowledge resources. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The study can increase physicians' awareness of professional networks as a unique source of tacit knowledge and can assist in the future design of medical professional networks as knowledge resources for medical decision making.