The expression of TLR pathway molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their relationship with tumor invasion and cytokine secretion in laryngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze of TLRs mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as potential biomarkers of neoplastic lesions progress and to evaluate their role in the possible mechanisms responsible for the secretion of cytokines in laryngeal cancer. MATERIAL/METHODS: The analysis of TLR2, TLR4, TRAF6, IRAK1 expression in isolated PBMCs by the reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis as well as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 55 patients with carcinoma of the larynx was performed by ELISA. The invasiveness of carcinoma was evaluated according to tumor front grading, TFG. RESULTS: We noted that tumors with a well-defined borderline were characterized by significantly higher values of the average expression of TRAF6. Our research also confirmed that more aggressive carcinomas according to TFG, with a more dispersed type of invasion were characterized by significantly lower values of the average expression of IRAK1. Moreover, we observed that tumors with the invasion of cartilage were characterized by significantly lower values of the average expression of TLR4. In addition, the relationships of TLR2 with IL-6 and TNF-α level were highlighted. Significant interconnections were also found between the TLR4 and IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6 secretion after stimulation. The relationships of TRAF6 with IL-8 production after stimulation were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirmed the implication of the TLRs pathway molecules in proinflammatory cytokine secretions and their importance as encouraging potential indicators for assessment of the degree of aggressive tumor phenotype.

Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinases type I expression and tumor front parameters in the presence of lymph node micrometastases in carcinoma of the larynx.

PURPOSE: Lymph nodes estimated as pNO in conventional morphological studies could have focuses of carcinoma cells with a diameter of < or =2 mm referred to as micrometastases (pN+). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic family of endopeptidases which are capable to degrading components of the extracellular matrix and play an important role in cancer invasion and metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate MT1-MMP expression in carcinoma of the larynx and analyze morphological parameters to relate the expression to CKs in pN0 lymph nodes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To presented the direct correlation between 6 morphological features of tumor front and the probability of micrometastases and prediction of prognosis 22 patients operated for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx were analyzed. The total score of TFG, chosen clinicomorphological features and grade of matrix metalloproteinase membrane type 1 staining in tumor front were analyzed to predict the presence of micrometastases and prognosis. Immunohistochemical methods with a panel of CKs antigens in lymph nodes and MT1-MMP expression in tumor tissue were per-lymph nodes. There was no significant relationship for immunoexpression of MT1-MMP and positive poliCKs stain. CONCLUSIONS: The results of study suggest that extended traditional pathologic evaluation by features from the TFG classification could aid in diagnosis of micrometastases. The positive expression of poliCKs in the pN0 lymph nodes appears to play an important role in determining prognosis in patients with carcinoma of the larynx.

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland--a report of two cases.

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma (HTA) is a specific variant of thyroid adenoma with a particular histological pattern. Immunohistochemistry is the best way of differentiating these adenomas. Of special interest is a strong positive cytoplasmic reaction for MIB-1. In FNAB and intra-operative examination HTA is usually misdiagnosed as a papillary carcinoma. Histological examination of paraffin-embedded material and immunohistochemical stainings provide a correct diagnosis.

Evaluation of MIB-1 immunoreactivity and nucleolar organizer regions in nonneoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions.

Epithelial hyperplastic lesions of the thyroid gland still pose many diagnostic problems, despite considerable progress in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Especially borderline lesions are difficult to differentiate. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic value and compare the number of AgNORs and MIB-1 expression in thyreocytes from various pathological thyroid changes with special emphasis on borderline lesions (hyperplastic nodule-adenoma-follicular carcinoma). Material included 83 sections from 72 thyroid glands (55 women, 17 men, and mean age 45). According to histological examination the sections were divided into 7 groups: parenchymal goiter, nodular goiter, follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, oxyphilic carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Statistical analysis of the results revealed a significant correlation between the values of the number of AgNORs or MIB-1 proliferation index and neoplasm malignancy grade as well as a correlation between the number of AgNORs and MIB-1 proliferation index. The results demonstrated that both the number of AgNORs and the proliferative activity marker MIB-1 may be an additional diagnostic criterion in differential diagnosis of borderline thyroid lesions (each feature separately, but better effects are obtained when considering both).

[Estrogen receptors in the malignant and benign neoplasms of the thyroid]. / Receptory estrogenowe w nowotworowych i nienowotworowych rozrostach tarczycy.

The etiology of thyroid carcinoma is multifactoral. The examples of etiologic factors are: deficit of iodine, genetic predisposition's, female sex, older age, irradiate in childhood, thyroid growth stimulating factors, and epidermal growth factor. Epidemiological data suggested that differentiated thyroid carcinoma depends on sex hormones, especially estrogen. The author have immunohistochemically studied estrogen receptors (ER) in many benign and malignant thyroid tumours. The cases included 8 papillary, 4 follicular, 4 anaplastic, and 1 Hurthle cell carcinomas, 15 follicular adenomas, 4 Hurthle cell adenomas, 8 adenomatous goiter, and 12 parenchymal goiter. Incidences of ER-positive cases were 4/8 in papillary carcinoma, 2/4 follicular carcinoma, 1/1 Hurthle cell carcinoma, 0/4 anaplastic carcinoma, 2/4 Hurthle cell adenoma, and 0/15 follicular adenoma, 0/8 adenomatous goiter, 0/12 parenchymal goiter. Estrogen receptors are commonly detectable in thyroid carcinomas (papillary carcinoma). Estrogens may play an important role as as a promoting factor in thyroid carcinoma. The results of future investigation will explain the possible role of hormones in thyroid pathology and the importance of the sex hormones receptors expression analysis for therapeutic detection.

Non-ulcer dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori infection--morphological analysis according to the Sydney system--changes before and after treatment.

Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) means the presence of upper abdominal pain and discomfort and also nausea, vomiting, flatulence, heartburn and belching. It is estimated, that about 20-30% of all patients refer to a doctor because of dyspeptic symptoms. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections are diagnosed in about 60% of persons with NUD and in 80-100% of patients with clinical, endoscopic and histological diagnosis of gastritis. The authors decided to investigate a correlation between gastritis and Hp infection and a relationship between the influence of antibacterial therapy and Hp eradication from gastric mucus and to observe gastric mucosa condition. We examined 73 patients (range age 16-73): 40 females and 33 males. We employed the Sydney System for evaluation of gastric mucosa condition. The patients were divided into two groups: Hp-positive 50 persons and Hp-negative-23 persons. Hp infected subjects were treated with antibacterial drugs (bismuth + metronidazol + amoxycillin or bismuth + metronidazol + tetracycline) and Hp-negative only with bismuth. Hp eradication was obtained in 72.7% of patients treated with bismuth + metronidazol + amoxycillin and 76.4% of persons treated with bismuth + metronidazol + tetracycline. A statistically significant difference between these two kinds of antibacterial therapy was not noted. Both methods are equally effective. We observed also and improvement of the histological state of antrum and corpus gastric mucosa after therapy in comparison to changes before treatment. We noticed a decrease of dyspeptic complaint in 89.2% of Hp infected persons in whom Hp had been eradicated. Among Hp-negative 23 patients gastric mucosa was normal in 30% and chronic gastritis was found in 70% of subjects. Based upon the present results it seems very important and suitable to detect Hp organisms in gastric mucus of all dyspeptic patients who are endoscopically examined and biopsied at the same time. We would suggest to do an urease test and to take histological samples together with full endoscopic examination according to the Sydney System guidelines.