Sustainability in Industrial Processes.

Thoughts of Claudia Ley, Editor-in-Chief of Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, and Henrique Teles, board member of ChemSusChem and Ullmann's Encyclopedia, on the progress that is being made in industrial chemistry, which is as important as progress made in academia.

Immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins on electrodes.

The development of new enzyme immobilization techniques that do not affect catalytic activity or conformation of a protein is an important research task in biotechnology including biosensor applications and heterogeneous reaction systems. One of the most promising approaches for controlled protein immobilization is based on the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) principle originally developed for protein purification. Here we describe the current status and future perspectives of immobilization of His-tagged proteins on electrode surfaces. Recombinant proteins comprising histidine-tags or histidine rich native proteins have a strong affinity to transition metal ions. For metal ion immobilization at the electrode surface different matrices can be used such as self-assembled monolayers or conductive polymers. This specific technique allows a reversible immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins at electrodes in a defined orientation which is an important prerequisite for efficient electron transfer between the electrode and the biomolecule. Any application requiring immobilized biocatalysts on electrodes can make use of this immobilization approach, making future biosensors and biocatalytic technologies more sensitive, simpler, reusable and less expensive while only requiring mild enzyme modifications.

Análise comparativa de três métodos de avaliação de postura anterior de cabeça / Comparative analysis of three methods of forward head posture evaluation

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar três métodos de avaliação de postura anterior de cabeça. Foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal no qual participaram 16 homens e 13 mulheres estudantes de odontologia da Universidade de Brasília. Os participantes tiveram a postura de cabeça avaliada pelos métodos descritos por Kendall (fio de prumo), Gelb e Ângulo Craniovertebral, utilizando o software de avaliação postural sapo. Os resultados mostraram que 75% tiveram avaliação positiva para postura anterior de cabeça utilizando o fio de prumo, para os métodos de Gelb e Ângulo Craniovertebral utilizou-se a Curva Roc para estabelecer um ponto de corte e definir a partir de qual valor poderia ser considerado postura anterior de cabeça. Apenas para a descrição de Gelb foi possível e na comparação com o fio de prumo houve uma alta concordância dos achados, contudo, esses dois métodos apresentaram variáveis que poderiam influenciar nos resultados. O Ângulo craniovertebral se mostrou mais exato na avaliação de postura anterior de cabeça, entretanto, não foi possível compará-lo com as outras medidas. Em vista disso, recomendam-se outros estudos comparativos utilizando esses e outros métodos descritos na literatura.

This study aimed to examine three methods of evaluation of forward head posture. We conducted a crosssectional study which was attended by 16 men and 13 women students of Dentistry at the University of Brasilia. Participants had the head posture evaluated by the methods described by Kendall (plumb line), Gelb and Craniovertebral Angle, using the software postural assessment (SAPO). The results showed that 75% had positive evaluation of head posture before using the plumb line, to methods of Gelb and Craniovertebral Angle was used ROC curve to establish acutoff point and set from which value could be considered previous head posture. Just to describe Gelb was possible and in comparison with the plumb line was a high concordance of findings, however, these two methods presented variables that could influence the results. The Craniovertebral Angle was more accurate in the evaluation of previous head posture, however, was not possible to compare it with other measures. Given this, it is recommended that comparative studies using these and other methods described in literature.