3D Printed Integrated Sensors: From Fabrication to Applications-A Review.

The integration of 3D printed sensors into hosting structures has become a growing area of research due to simplified assembly procedures, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication cost. Embedding 3D printed sensors into structures or bonding the sensors on surfaces are the two techniques for the integration of sensors. This review extensively discusses the fabrication of sensors through different additive manufacturing techniques. Various additive manufacturing techniques dedicated to manufacture sensors as well as their integration techniques during the manufacturing process will be discussed. This review will also discuss the basic sensing mechanisms of integrated sensors and their applications. It has been proven that integrating 3D printed sensors into infrastructures can open new possibilities for research and development in additive manufacturing and sensor materials for smart goods and the Internet of Things.

Positive impacts of a strengths-based family program on Latino kindergarteners' narrative language abilities.

Narrative language abilities are foundational to literacy development and are a culturally grounded measure of early literacy for Latino children. This study evaluates the impacts on narrative language abilities and the costs of a 4-week, strengths-based program that leverages two valued sociocultural practices with built-in benefits, personal narratives, and family food routines (e.g., grocery shopping), for improving Latino kindergarteners' learning outcomes in the United States. Two-hundred and 34 children (M age = 67 months; 51% girls; 13 schools) and their parents participated in a cluster randomized trial. Children produced personal narratives at three time points: pretest, end-of-treatment, and 5-month follow-up. Four narrative features were measured: narrative coherence, elaborations, word types, and literate language features. Large positive impacts were observed on all four narrative features at the end-of-treatment posttest (d = 1.21-1.76). There was suggestive evidence of moderate impacts on one narrative feature (i.e., narrative coherence) at the 5-month follow-up (d = .59). The costs required to implement the family program were relatively low. Findings highlight the potential value of implementing this strengths-based program in schools serving Latino kindergarteners using a rigorous evaluation of its effectiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

A strengths-based, culturally responsive family intervention improves Latino kindergarteners' vocabulary and approaches to learning.

Food routines are an ecocultural asset of Latino families. This cluster-randomized trial with 248 children (Mage  = 67 months; 50% girls; 13 schools) investigated the impact of a 4-week family program designed to capitalize on food routines in improving Latino kindergarteners' outcomes in the United States. There were moderate-to-large impacts on child vocabulary (especially food-related) at end-of-treatment and the 5-month follow-up, and suggestive evidence of moderate impacts on approaches to learning (ATL; including ATL math) and executive function at the 5-month follow-up (d = .38-.95). There were no statistically significant impacts on children's math or literacy skills. A strengths-based, culturally responsive family intervention that is integrated into Latino family life can improve the skills needed to succeed in school.

Next Directions in Measurement of the Home Mathematics Environment: An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective.

This article synthesizes findings from an international virtual conference, funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), focused on the home mathematics environment (HME). In light of inconsistencies and gaps in research investigating relations between the HME and children's outcomes, the purpose of the conference was to discuss actionable steps and considerations for future work. The conference was composed of international researchers with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds. Presentations and discussions during the conference centered broadly on the need to better operationalize and measure the HME as a construct - focusing on issues related to child, family, and community factors, country and cultural factors, and the cognitive and affective characteristics of caregivers and children. Results of the conference and a subsequent writing workshop include a synthesis of core questions and key considerations for the field of research on the HME. Findings highlight the need for the field at large to use multi-method measurement approaches to capture nuances in the HME, and to do so with increased international and interdisciplinary collaboration, open science practices, and communication among scholars.

Problemas relacionados con medicamentos en adultos mayores hipertensos / Drugs related problems in hypertensive elderlypatients

Introducción: Los problemas relacionados con medicamentos en los adultos mayores son causantes de admisiones hospitalarias y se asocian con estadías hospitalarias prolongadas, reducen la calidad de vida e incrementan la mortalidad y los costos asociados a los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: Identificar los problemas relacionados con medicamentos en adultos mayores hipertensos. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal desde enero a marzo del 2017, en el cual participaron 50 adultos mayores hipertensos registrados en la Farmacia Principal Municipal Santiago de Cuba. Losproblemas relacionados con medicamentos se clasificaron según el procedimiento normalizado de trabajo diseñado por otros autores. Resultados: Se identificaron 232 problemas relacionados con medicamentos. Predominaron los errores en la prescripción con un 40,52 %, seguido de los errores en la administración con 36,64 % y las reacciones adversas medicamentosas con 14,22%. Entre los errores de prescripción prevalecieron los relacionados con la interacción fármaco-fármaco con 13,79 % y la medicación potencialmente inapropiada con 11,21 %. Los errores de administración más frecuentes fueron la interacción alimento-medicamento con el 15,95 % y la no adherencia al tratamiento con el 11,64 %. La sequedad bucal, tos seca y poliuria fueron las reacciones adversas más frecuentes. Conclusión: Existe una alta incidencia de problemas relacionados con medicamentos en los adultos mayores hipertensos dispensarizados en la Farmacia Principal Municipal Hospitalaria Santiago de Cuba, con predominio de las interacciones fármaco-fármaco entre los errores de prescripción.(AU)

Introduction: Drug-related problems in elderly adults cause hospital admissions and are associated with prolonged hospital stays. Objective:To describe the problems related to drugs identified in an office of pharmaceutical care for elderly adults, in the Main Municipal Pharmacy of Santiago de Cuba. Method: A retrospective study was carried out through the review of an intentional sample of pharmacotherapeutical profiles registered in the community pharmacy in the period (January to March 2017), corresponding to 50 hypertensive elderly adults. The Problems Related to medications were classified according to the Standardized Pharmacotherapeutical Follow-up Work Procedure and Medication Criteria potentially inappropriate for the elderly, validated for the Cuban context. Results: 232 problems related to medications were identified. Prescription errors (40.6%) predominated, followed by administration errors (36.6%) and adverse drug reactions (14.2%). Among prescription errors, drug-drug interaction (13.8%) and potentially inappropriate medication (11.2%) predominated. The most frequent administration errors were food-drug interaction (16.0%) and non-adherence to treatment (11.6%). Dry mouth and dry cough were the most frequent adverse reactions. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of drug-related problems in hypertensive elderly adults treated at the Santiago de Cuba Hospital Municipal Main Pharmacy, with a predominance of drug-drug interactions among prescription errors, which shows the need for responsible optimization ofpharmacotherapy from the community pharmaceutical service.(AU)

Teaching a novel word: Parenting styles and toddlers' word learning.

We examined the styles that parents adopted while teaching a novel word to their toddlers and whether those styles related to children's word learning and engagement during the task. Participants were 36 parents and their toddlers (Mage = 20 months). Parents were videotaped while teaching their children a name for a novel object. Parental utterances were transcribed verbatim and coded for cognitive and autonomy support. Children's utterances were coded for elicited and spontaneous contributions. Children's ability to recognize and process the novel word was assessed using the Looking-While-Listening task. Two parental cognitive support styles were identified via cluster analysis: "Cognitive Scaffolders," who combined a diversity of teaching moves, and "Labelers," who focused on labeling the novel object for the children. Similarly, two parental autonomy support styles were identified: "Followers," who focused on following the children's lead and providing positive feedback, and "Non-followers," who used diverse communicative ways to engage the children. Compared with parents who were Labelers, parents who were Cognitive Scaffolders were not more or less likely to be Followers. Children of Cognitive Scaffolders were better at recognizing the novel word, and children of Followers were more engaged (provided more elicited and spontaneous contributions) in the word-teaching task. Children's ability to recognize the novel word was not related to their engagement. Findings highlight the unique contributions of parental cognitive and autonomy support to children's word learning and engagement.

Atención Farmacéutica en adultos mayores hipertensos. Una experiencia en la atención primaria de salud en Cuba / Pharmaceutical care in hypertensive elderly. An experience in primary health care in Cuba

Introducción: Los adultos mayores constituyen un grupo poblacional con predominio de enfermedades crónicas, entre estas la hipertensión arterial. Esto implica un incremento en el consumo de medicamentos y de los problemas relacionados con los mismos. De ahí que en estos resulte útil el desarrollo de la atención farmacéutica para optimizar la farmacoterapia que reciben. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un servicio de atención farmacéutica en pacientes adultos mayores hipertensos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y de intervención desde enero a junio del 2017, en el que participaron 50 adultos mayores hipertensos. Para su desarrollo se empleó un procedimiento normalizado de trabajo. Se evaluó el impacto de las intervenciones en la adherencia terapéutica, la satisfacción de los pacientes y en la resolución o prevención de los resultados negativos asociados a la medicación. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino (62 %) y nivel de escolaridad preuniversitario (40 %). El 54 % de los pacientes estuvo sometido a la polifarmacia. Se detectaron 232 resultados negativos asociados a la medicación, predominando los de seguridad (75,4 %), seguidos de los de efectividad (17,7 %). Se realizaron 237 intervenciones farmacéuticas que incrementaron a un 84 % el porcentaje de pacientes adheridos totalmente. Se resolvieron 82,76 % de los resultados negativos asociados a la medicación y el 100 % de los pacientes estuvo satisfecho. Conclusiones: El servicio desarrollado tuvo un alto impacto al incrementar la adherencia terapéutica, solucionar la mayoría de los resultados negativos asociados a la medicación y lograr la satisfacción de pacientes y cuidadores

Introduction: Elderly constitute a population group with a predominance of chronic diseases, among them arterial hypertension. This implies an increase in drugs consumption and the problems related to them. Hence, in these the development of pharmaceutical care is useful for optimize the pharmacotherapy that they receive. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a pharmaceutical care service in hypertensive elderly patients. Methods: A prospective and intervention study was conducted from January to June 2017, with the participation of 50 hypertensive elderly patients. For the development of the service, a standard operating procedure was used. The impact of the service on therapeutic adherence, patient satisfaction and the resolution or prevention of negative outcomes associated with medication was evaluated. Results: Female patients predominated (62%) and pre-university level of education (40%). 54% of the patients were subjected to polypharmacy. 232 negative outcomes associated with medication were detected, predominantly safety (75.4%), followed by those of effectiveness (17.7%). There were 237 pharmaceutical interventions that increased the percentage of patients totally adherent to 84%. We resolved 82.76% of the negative outcomes associated with medication and 100% of the patients were satisfied with the service. Conclusions: The service developed had a high impact by increasing therapeutic adherence, solving most of the negative outcomes associated with medication and achieving the satisfaction of patients and caregivers

Experimental impacts of a teacher professional development program in Chile on preschool classroom quality and child outcomes.

We assessed impacts on classroom quality and on 5 child language and behavioral outcomes of a 2-year teacher professional-development program for publicly funded prekindergarten and kindergarten in Chile. This cluster-randomized trial included 64 schools (child N = 1,876). The program incorporated workshops and in-classroom coaching. We found moderate to large positive impacts on observed emotional and instructional support as well as classroom organization in prekindergarten classrooms after 1 year of the program. After 2 years of the program, moderate positive impacts were observed on emotional support and classroom organization. No significant program impacts on child outcomes were detected at posttest (1 marginal effect, an increase in a composite of self-regulation and low problem behaviors, was observed). Professional development for preschool teachers in Chile can improve classroom quality. More intensive curricular approaches are needed for these improvements to translate into effects on children.

Teacher-child interactions in Chile and their associations with prekindergarten outcomes.

Quality of teacher-child interactions is central to prekindergarten children's learning. In the United States, the quality of teacher-child interactions is commonly assessed using the teaching through interactions conceptual framework and an associ/ated observational tool, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). This study examined: (a) whether there was evidence supporting three distinctive domains of teacher-child interactions in Chile (construct validity) and (b) whether these domains predicted end-of-prekindergarten language, academic, and executive function skills in Chile (predictive validity). The sample consisted of 91 Chilean prekindergarten classrooms (1,868 four-year-old children). The findings support both construct and predictive validity of the teaching through interactions conceptual framework as assessed by the CLASS in Chile. Implications for cross-country comparison of quality of teacher-child interactions in prekindergarten classrooms are discussed.

Aftershocks of Chile's earthquake for an ongoing, large-scale experimental evaluation.

Evaluation designs for social programs are developed assuming minimal or no disruption from external shocks, such as natural disasters. This is because extremely rare shocks may not make it worthwhile to account for them in the design. Among extreme shocks is the 2010 Chile earthquake. Un Buen Comienzo (UBC), an ongoing early childhood program in Chile, was directly affected by the earthquake. This article discusses (a) the factors the UBC team considered for deciding whether to put on hold or continue implementation and data collection for this experimental study; and (b) how the team reached consensus on those decisions. A lesson learned is that the use of an experimental design for UBC insured that the evaluation's internal validity was not compromised by the earthquake's consequences, although cohort comparisons were compromised. Other lessons can be transferred to other contexts where external shocks affect an ongoing experimental or quasi-experimental impact evaluation.