Discriminatory fluorescence and FRET in the chiral-perovskite/RhB system.

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) holds a significant position in various natural and artificial systems, especially within donor-acceptor systems encompassing chiral components. Despite extensive investigations, a clear understanding of the effects of chirality and FRET on discriminatory fluorescence remains elusive. Here, chiral perovskite nanowires (CPNWs) and achiral rhodamine B (RhB) are employed to examine the FRET and discriminatory fluorescence behavior in a donor-acceptor system involving a chiral nanostructure. A notable FRET from the CPNWs to RhB is observed, along with circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activities in RhB. Although the FRET interaction remains consistent over time, a notable inversion in the polarity preference of the CD and CPL of RhB is observed. This reveals that the discriminatory fluorescence of the acceptor arises from the electromagnetic influence of the chiral donor. These findings elucidate that "chirality", as a property related to spatial orientation, cannot accompany the transfer of energy (which is a scalar) from chiral nanostructures to achiral molecules, which helps advance the understanding of the discriminatory fluorescence in the donor-acceptor system with a chiral nanostructure.

Combined metabolomic and proteomic analysis of sepsis related acute liver injury and its pathogenesis research.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced acute liver injury is common in patients in intensive care units. However, the exact mechanism of this condition remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of proteins and metabolites in the liver tissue of mice after sepsis and elucidate the molecular biological mechanisms of sepsis-related liver injury. METHODS: First, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis mouse model was established. Then, according to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) detection in mouse serum and liver histopathological examination (HE) staining, the septic mice were divided into two groups: acute liver injury after sepsis and nonacute liver injury after sepsis. Metabolomics and proteomic analyses were performed on the liver tissues of the two groups of mice to identify significantly different metabolites and proteins. The metabolomics and proteomics results were further analysed to identify the biological indicators and pathogenesis related to the occurrence and development of sepsis-related acute liver injury at the protein and metabolite levels. RESULTS: A total of 14 differentially expressed proteins and 46 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. Recombinant Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Band 4.2 (Epb42) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) may be the key proteins and metabolites responsible for sepsis-related acute liver injury, according to the correlation analysis of proteomics and metabolomics. The expression of the differential protein Epb42 was further verified by western blot (WB) detection. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the differential protein Epb42 may be key proteins causing sepsis-associated acute liver injury, providing new and valuable information on the possible mechanism of sepsis-associated acute liver injury.

Ray of dawn: Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy enhances the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in Lymphoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, a new adoptive cell therapy, has been widely used to treat lymphoma patients. Immune checkpoint blockade may improve the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells by reducing the failure of CAR-T cells and improving antitumor activity. It has shown promising efficacy. METHOD: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science from January 2012 to August 2022 to find data reporting the results of CAR-T cells therapy combined with PD-1 in tumor patients. An updated search was conducted in October 2023. The partial response rate (PR), complete response rate (CR), objective response rate (ORR), mortality rate, and incidence of adverse reactions were calculated. RESULTS: We analyzed 57 lymphoma patients from 5 clinical trials. The pooled partial, complete and overall response rates were 21% (95% CI 0.06-0.39, I2 = 0.37%), 27% (95% CI 0.03-0.60, I2 = 60.43%) and 65% (95% CI 0.23-0.98, I2 = 76.31%), respectively. The pooled incidence of cytokine release syndrome, neutropenia, fever, and fatigue was estimated to be 57% (95% CI 0.08-0.99, I2 = 85.20%), 47% (95% CI 0.14-0.81, I2 = 74.17%), 59% (95% CI 0.27-0.89, I2 = 60.23%), and 50% (95% CI 0.13-0.87, I2 = 73.89%), respectively. CONCLUSION: CAR-T-cell therapy combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma patients has efficacy, and the most common adverse effect is fever. REGISTRATION: The protocol was registered in prospero, with the registration number CRD42022342647.

The accuracy of artificial intelligence in predicting COVID-19 patient mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper was to systematically evaluate the application value of artificial intelligence in predicting mortality among COVID-19 patients. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature, and VIP databases were systematically searched from inception to October 2022 to identify studies that evaluated the predictive effects of artificial intelligence on mortality among COVID-19 patients. The retrieved literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tools. Statistical analysis of the included studies was performed using Review Manager 5.3, Stata 16.0, and Meta-DiSc 1.4 statistical software. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022315158). FINDINGS: Of 2193 studies, 23 studies involving a total of 25 AI models met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 18 studies explicitly mentioned training and test sets, and 5 studies did not explicitly mention grouping. In the training set, the pooled sensitivity was 0.93 [0.87, 0.96], the pooled specificity was 0.94 [0.87, 0.97], and the area under the ROC curve was 0.98 [0.96, 0.99]. In the validation set, the pooled sensitivity was 0.84 [0.78, 0.88], the pooled specificity was 0.89 [0.85, 0.92], and the area under the ROC curve was 0.93 [1.00, 0.00]. In the subgroup analysis, the areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves of the artificial intelligence models KNN, SVM, ANN, RF and XGBoost were 0.98, 0.98, 0.94, 0.92, and 0.91, respectively. The Deeks funnel plot indicated that there was no significant publication bias in this study (P > 0.05). INTERPRETATION: Artificial intelligence models have high accuracy in predicting mortality among COVID-19 patients and have high prognostic value. Among them, the KNN, SVM, ANN, RF, XGBoost, and other models have the highest levels of accuracy.

Seasonal Changes in the Structure and Function of Gut Microbiota in the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus).

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the nutrition, metabolism, and immune function of the host animal. The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a typical seasonal breeding animal. The present study performed a metagenomic analysis of cecum contents from muskrats in the breeding and non-breeding seasons. The results indicated that the breeding muskrats and non-breeding muskrats differed in gut microbiota structure and function. During the breeding season, the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, genus Prevotella, and genus Alistipes increased, while the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and phylum Actinobacteria decreased. The muskrat gut microbiota was enriched in the metabolism-related pathways, especially amino acid and vitamin metabolism, and genetically related metabolites in the breeding season. We presumed that the muskrat gut microbiota might seasonally change to secure reproductive activity and satisfy the metabolic demands of different seasons. This study could explore potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota affects reproduction. Moreover, this study may provide a new theoretical basis for the management of muskrat captive breeding.

Comparative efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with or without chemotherapy treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with or without chemotherapies in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Data related to the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy were retrieved from the database construction to August 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Manual standard and RevMan 5.3 software for data synthesis. The outcome measures observed included overall survival, 12-month survival, disease control rate, objective response rate, treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher, and progression-free survival. The adverse reactions included fatigue, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, rash, anemia, and anorexia. Results: In this meta-analysis, a total of 17 randomized controlled trials were included. In first-line therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with or without chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was more effective than chemotherapy alone. Overall survival, 12-month survival rate, and objective response rate were statistically significant. Among second-line treatments, immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with or without chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma had statistically significant overall survival, 12-month survival, objective response rate, treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher, and progression-free survival compared with chemotherapy alone. Conclusion: Both first- and second-line immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and the adverse reactions are controllable and safe. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021282586.

Accuracy of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was systematically and quantitatively to assess the value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis by systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Eight major databases, including The Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and VIP Database, were systematically searched for NLR diagnoses of neonatal sepsis from inception to June 2022. Two investigators independently conducted the literature search, screening, data extraction and quality evaluation with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 checklist. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager V.5.3, Stata V.16.0, R (V.3.6.0) and Meta-DISC V.1.4. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies comprising 1499 newborns were included in this meta-analysis. With a cut-off value ranging from 0.1 to 9.4, the pooled sensitivity of the NLR in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.83), the pooled specificity was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.95), the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 6.35 (95% CI: 2.6 to 15.47), the negative likelihood ratio (LR-) was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.19 to 0.46), the diagnostic OR (DOR) was 12.88 (95% CI: 4.47 to 37.08), area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.89). In the subgroup analysis of early-onset neonatal sepsis, the pooled sensitivity was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.91), the pooled specificity was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.88 to 1.00), the LR+ was 63.3 (95% CI: 5.7 to 696.8), the LR- was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.63), the DOR was 247 (95% CI: 16 to 3785) and the AUC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the NLR is a helpful indicator for the diagnosis of early neonatal sepsis, but it still needs to be combined with other laboratory tests and specific clinical manifestations.

Effective switching of an all-solid-state mode-locked laser by a graphene modulator.

Although sophisticated novel saturable absorber materials are available for the development of ultrafast lasers, innovative approaches and devices play an increasingly important role in continuously adjusting mode-locked lasers with electrical gating. In this study, electrically switched operational regimes of an Nd:YVO4 all-solid-state mode-locked laser with a high modulation ratio (from 900 ns to 15 ps) are demonstrated for the first time. The laser can automatically switch multiple operation regimes with the assistance of electrical signals using techniques such as Q-switching, Q-switched mode-locking (QML), and continuous-wave mode-locking (CWML). The device is operated at an ultralow electrical modulation power (0.1 nW) to generate sub 15 ps pulses with a high average output power (as much as 800 mW) from a mode-locked laser operating at 1064 nm. The results verify the reversible switching of the operational regimes from QML to CWML and provide a basis for exploring their applications in electro-optical devices.

All-dielectric high saturation structural colors enhanced by multipolar modulated metasurfaces.

A visible light depth modulation based on a metasurface consisting of TiO2 nanorings and SiO2 substrate is proposed to significantly enhance the saturation and structural colors' gamut. Compared with the nanostructure of the TiO2 nanodisks, the developed TiO2 nanorings can enhance monochromatic excitation by inhibiting the multipole mode, particularly electric quadrupole (EQ) mode at a shorter wavelength. Furthermore, when TiO2 nanorings are combined with a refractive index matching layer - water, reflection bandwidth, and background reflection are reduced, and the brightness and color purity are significantly enhanced. The novel and unique nanostructures developed can generate a significant gamut of 140% sRGB and 103% Adobe RGB. Additionally, the color structure based on the TiO2 nanoring metasurface is sensitive to the surrounding medium's refractive index and can be employed in sensor display and other fields, as well as to amplify color information in high resolution display and imaging applications.

Effect of winter feeding frequency on growth performance, biochemical blood parameters, oxidative stress, and appetite-related genes in Takifugu rubripes.

Tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) is one of Asia's most economically valuable aquaculture species. However, winter production of this species in North China is limited by low water temperature and unavailability of high-quality feed, resulting in high mortality and low profitability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency (F1: one daily meal; F2: two daily meals; F3: four daily meals; F4: continuous diurnal feeding using a belt feeder) on the growth performance, plasma biochemistry, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, and expression of appetite-related genes in T. rubripes (initial weight: 266.80 ± 12.32 g) cultured during winter (18.0 ± 1.0 °C) for 60 days. The results showed that fish in the F3 group had the highest final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate, and best feed conversion ratio. Additionally, daily feed intake increased significantly with increasing feeding frequency. The protein efficiency and lipid efficiency ratios of fish in the F3 group were significantly higher than those of fish in the other groups. Furthermore, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels increased with increasing feeding frequency, peaking in the F2 group and decreasing under higher feeding frequencies. The antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase) and digestive (trypsin, amylase, and lipase) enzyme activities of fish in the F1 group were significantly higher than those of fish in the F3 and F4 groups. Additionally, there was a decrease in orexin expression with increasing feeding frequency. In contrast, the expression levels of tachykinin, cholecystokinin, and leptin increased with increasing feeding frequency, peaking in the F4 group. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that a feeding frequency of four meals per day was optimal for improved growth performance of pufferfish juveniles cultured during winter.

Clinical characteristics of 310 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant patients and comparison with Delta and Beta variant patients in China.

Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread, data on the clinical characteristics of infected patients are limited. In this study, the demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data of 310 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant patients treated at Haihe Hospital of Tianjin were collected and analyzed. Information on these patients was compared to 96 patients with the Delta variant of concern (VOC) and 326 patients with the Beta VOC during the previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Harbin. Of the 310 patients infected with the Omicron variant, the median age was 35 years. Most patients were clinically classified as mild (57.74%), and the most common symptoms were cough (48.71%), fever (39.35%), and sore throat (38.26%). The results for different vaccination groups in the Omicron group showed that the median of "SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG" after 2 or 3 doses of vaccination was higher than the unvaccinated group (all Ps â€‹< â€‹0.05). Older age was associated with a higher proportion of moderate cases and lower asymptomatic and mild cases based on clinical classifications. Compared to the Delta and Beta groups, the median age of the Omicron group was younger. The total number of asymptomatic patients and mild patients in the Omicron virus group was higher than the Delta and Beta groups (60.97% vs. 54.17% vs. 47.55%). This study presented the clinical characteristics of the first group of patients infected with the Omicron variant in Tianjin, China, and compared their clinical features with patients infected by the Delta and Beta variants, which would increase our understanding of the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

Synthesis of two novel neutral polymeric bonding agents to enhance the mechanical properties of composite solid propellants.

Currently, only a few bonding agents can be utilized efficiently in nitramine filler material-based solid rocket energetic binder systems. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis and specific characterization of two kinds of neutral polymeric bonding agents (NPBA-1 and NPBA-2) and their application in composite propellants consisting of the nitramine octogen (HMX) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). The as-obtained NPBAs were well-coated on the surface of HMX and RDX due to their functionalized groups, and they significantly affected the viscosity of the uncured propellant mixtures and possessed obviously enhanced mechanical properties in the cured AP/HMX/GAP propellant mixtures, even at low concentrations (down to 0.001 wt% of the whole propellant). In addition, because of the existence of an epoxy group and no hydroxyl functionalities, NPBA-2 exhibited improved mechanical strength and glass transition temperature as compared to NPBA-1, which has plenty of reactive hydroxyl groups. The as-synthesized epoxy-modified NPBAs are essential for obtaining NEPE propellants with high bonding and mechanical properties.

LINC00958: A promising long non-coding RNA related to cancer.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, do not encode proteins; however, they encode small peptides and micropeptides that act as bioactive peptides with notable effects in regulating the progression of malignant tumors, such as lung and colorectal cancers, and affecting patient prognosis. lncRNAs are important intracellular regulators, particularly in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA958 (LINC00958), which has received increasing attention in recent years, is highly expressed in various malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and breast cancer. Here, we reviewed the recent studies on LINC00958 as well as its closely related clinical features and functional regulation in cancers. We systematically expounded the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of LINC00958 in inhibiting cell apoptosis and enhancing the chemoradiotherapy resistance of tumor cells. The upregulation of LINC00958 enhances the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and induces lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, it is involved in tumor glycolytic metabolism, which plays a crucial role in facilitating the proliferation, invasion, and migration of tumor cells. Additionally, analysis of various studies revealed that LINC00958 acts as an endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) and regulates the malignant behavior of tumor cells through the miRNA-mRNA axis. Collectively, the use of LINC00958 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of different cancers has bright prospects in the future.

RNF115 Inhibits the Post-ER Trafficking of TLRs and TLRs-Mediated Immune Responses by Catalyzing K11-Linked Ubiquitination of RAB1A and RAB13.

The subcellular localization and intracellular trafficking of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) critically regulate TLRs-mediated antimicrobial immunity and autoimmunity. Here, it is demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF115 inhibits the post-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trafficking of TLRs and TLRs-mediated immune responses by catalyzing ubiquitination of the small GTPases RAB1A and RAB13. It is shown that the 14-3-3 chaperones bind to AKT1-phosphorylated RNF115 and facilitate RNF115 localizing on the ER and the Golgi apparatus. RNF115 interacts with RAB1A and RAB13 and catalyzes K11-linked ubiquitination on the Lys49 and Lys61 residues of RAB1A and on the Lys46 and Lys58 residues of RAB13, respectively. Such a modification impairs the recruitment of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI1) to RAB1A and RAB13, a prerequisite for the reactivation of RAB proteins. Consistently, knockdown of RAB1A and RAB13 in Rnf115+/+ and Rnf115-/- cells markedly inhibits the post-ER and the post-Golgi trafficking of TLRs, respectively. In addition, reconstitution of RAB1AK49/61R or RAB13K46/58R into Rnf115+/+ cells but not Rnf115-/- cells promotes the trafficking of TLRs from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface, respectively. These findings uncover a common and step-wise regulatory mechanism for the post-ER trafficking of TLRs.

Novel Sesquiterpene and Diterpene Aminoglycosides from the Deep-Sea-Sediment Fungus Trichoderma sp. SCSIOW21.

Six new sesquiterpene aminoglycosides, trichaspside F (2) and cyclonerosides A-E (5-9), two new diterpene aminoglycosides, harzianosides A and B (10, 11), and three known sesquiterpenes, trichodermoside (1), cycloneran-3,7,10,11-tetraol (3), and cyclonerodiol (4), have been isolated from the n-butanol extract of Trichoderma sp. SCSIOW21 (Hypocreaceae), a deep-sea-sediment-derived fungus. The structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were determined using spectroscopic techniques and comparisons with those reported in the literature. The absolute configurations of the aglycone part of cyclonerosides A-E (5-9) were tentatively proposed based on optical rotation and biogenic considerations. Cyclonerosides A-E (5-9) represent the first glycosides of cyclonelane-type sesquiterpenes generated from Trichoderma. The NO-production-inhibitory activities were evaluated using macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Among the isolated compounds, trichaspside F (2) and cyclonerosides B-E (6-9) exhibited the strongest NO-production-inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 54.8, 50.7, 57.1, 42.0, and 48.0 µM, respectively, compared to the IC50 value of 30.8 µM for the positive control (quercetin). When tested for anti-fungal activities against several pathogenic fungi, none of the compounds exhibited significant activities at a concentration of 100 µM.

Novel Harziane Diterpenes from Deep-Sea Sediment Fungus Trichoderma sp. SCSIOW21 and Their Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects.

Five undescribed harziane-type diterpene derivatives, namely harzianol K (1), harzianol L (4), harzianol M (5), harzianol N (6), harzianol O (7), along with two known compounds, hazianol J (2) and harzianol A (3) were isolated from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Trichoderma sp. SCSIOW21. The relative configurations were determined by meticulous spectroscopic methods including 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy, and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configurations were established by the ECD curve calculations and the X-ray crystallographic analysis. These compounds (1, and 4-7) contributed to increasing the diversity of the caged harziane type diterpenes with highly congested skeleton characteristics. Harzianol J (2) exhibited a weak anti-inflammatory effect with 81.8% NO inhibition at 100 µM.

Almost periodic solutions for a SVIR epidemic model with relapse.

This paper is devoted to a nonautonomous SVIR epidemic model with relapse, that is, the recurrence rate is considered in the model. The permanent of the system is proved, and the result on the existence and uniqueness of globally attractive almost periodic solution of this system is obtained by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. Some analysis for the necessity of considering the recurrence rate in the model is also presented. Moreover, some examples and numerical simulations are given to show the feasibility of our main results. Through numerical simulation, we have obtained the influence of vaccination rate and recurrence rate on the spread of the disease. The conclusion is that in order to control the epidemic of infectious diseases, we should increase the vaccination rate while reducing the recurrence rate of the disease.

Single pixel wide gamut dynamic color modulation based on a graphene micromechanical system.

Dynamic color modulation in the composite structure of a graphene microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-photonic crystal microcavity is investigated in this work. The designed photonic crystal microcavity has three resonant standing wave modes corresponding to the three primary colors of red (R), green (G) and blue (B), forming strong localization of light in three modes at different positions of the microcavity. Once graphene is added, it can govern the transmittance of three modes. When graphene is located in the antinode of the standing wave, it has strong light absorption and therefore the structure's transmittance is lower, and when graphene is located in the node of the standing wave, it has weak light absorption and therefore the structure's transmittance is higher. Therefore, the graphene absorption of different colors of light can be regulated dynamically by applying voltages to tune the equilibrium position of the graphene MEMS in the microcavity, consequently realizing the output of vivid monochromatic light or multiple mixed colors of light within a single pixel, thus greatly improving the resolution. Our work provides a route to dynamic color modulation with graphene and provides guidance for the design and manufacture of high resolution, fast modulation and wide color gamut interferometric modulator displays.

Functional and Clinical Characteristics of Cell Adhesion Molecule CADM1 in Cancer.

The cell adhesion molecule CADM1, which participates in cell adhesion and signal transduction, has a regulatory effect on the development of tumors. CADM1 is often involved in malignant tumors of multiple organ systems, such as the respiratory and digestive systems. Upregulated CADM1 promotes tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits malignant proliferation. Along with cell cycle-related proteins, it participates in regulating signaling pathways, such as EMT, STAT3, and AKT, and plays an important role in inhibiting invasion and migration. Considering clinical characteristics, low CADM1 expression is associated with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis. In addition, some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) or miRNAs directly or indirectly act on CADM1 to regulate tumor growth and motility. Interestingly, CADM1 function differs in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and NF-κB is thought to be involved in this process. Taken together, CADM1 could be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and a target for cancer treatment in future clinical practices.