RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Meaning in life plays an important role in, and is associated with all dimensions of, well-being. Finding meaning in life has been shown to increase life satisfaction in residents of long-term care (LTC) institutions, whereas social support has been found to relate positively with meaning of life. Interactions with LTC staff are the main source of social support for LTC residents. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to meaning in life in LTC residents, especially those associated with interactions between nursing assistants and residents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was applied to interview participants from October 2015 through July 2016. One hundred fifty-four residents from six LTC institutions participated in this study. The Staff-Patient Interaction Scale and Meaning-in-Life Scale were used to collect data. The statistical methods of t test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression of forward selection analysis were used to explore the factors related to meaning in life in the study population. RESULTS: The participants were found to perceive a moderate level of meaning in their lives, with a Meaning-in-Life Scale average total score of 42.75 (range: 17-63, SD = 10.19). Staff-patient interaction (ß = .50), financial support from government subsidies and social assistance (ß = -.41), and number of medical diagnoses (ß = -.18) were the three most important factors related to meaning in life, explaining 44.2% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Improving the quality of interactions between nurse assistants and residents and health promotion may increase meaning in life in LTC residents.
Assuntos
Assistência de Longa Duração , Assistentes de Enfermagem , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Assistência de Longa Duração/métodos , Apoio SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is ongoing controversy concerning the indications and benefits of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei. The main contra-indications preventing wide-spread use of EPIC are reports of an increased postoperative morbidity with no clear evidence of oncological benefit. This paper reports a single high volume institution experience with EPIC over a 25-year period. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a single institution prospective database of patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC for appendiceal neoplasms from March 1994 to December 2019. Sub group analysis of patients who received EPIC with 5FU 15mg/m2 is reported and compared with patients who did not receive EPIC. RESULTS: Overall, 632/1564 (40%) received EPIC. Patients who received EPIC were younger (median age 55 (IQR 45-63) vs 59 (IQR 50-68)) with similar extent of disease to those who did not have EPIC. EPIC was more likely to be given after complete cytoreduction. The use of EPIC has reduced over the last 25 years from 78% of patients initially to 16% most recently. Length of stay in critical care and total hospital stay were longer in patients who received EPIC but surprisingly major morbidity (Clavien Dindo Grade >3) was lower (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: EPIC can be administered safely following CRS and HIPEC for PMP of appendix origin when used in carefully selected patients in a high-volume centre. Randomised trials are needed to establish impact on disease free and overall survival to optimize selection criteria.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Apêndice , Apêndice , Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Peritoneais , Pseudomixoma Peritoneal , Terapia Combinada , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos de Citorredução , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/tratamento farmacológico , Pseudomixoma Peritoneal/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
AIM: This study aims to explore the change process among chronic kidney disease patients in shared decision-making. DESIGN: Qualitative research is the design applied. METHOD: Original transcripts from an earlier study involving a purposive sample of 31 patients with chronic kidney disease provided a source of information. The data collection was conducted from August 2017-January 2018. Data analysis applied the thematic analysis method. RESULTS: Three themes were identified: from avoidance to being forced to accept, decision-making process of action and facilitating factors. After making the psychological adjustments necessary for undergoing dialysis treatment, participants experience the process of decision-making action. The improvement of knowledge and ability increases the patient's self-determination consciousness and strengthens confidence in decision-making. The nurse and the patient's family are both important facilitating factors, and they assist through the entire SDM process.
Assuntos
Diálise Renal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Tomada de Decisão Compartilhada , Humanos , Autonomia Pessoal , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Taiwan are the highest of any country in the world. The different renal replacement therapies that are adopted by patients with ESRD significantly affect their social roles and daily life. However, because of the complexities of different renal replacement therapies, patients may be unsure of which to choose. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a shared decision-making (SDM) program regarding different renal replacement therapies for patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was conducted at two similar regional hospitals in Miaoli County, Taiwan. One hospital hosted the intervention group, and the other hospital hosted the control group. The 31 participants in the intervention group took part in a SDM program. The 36 control group participants took part in the pre-ESRD care program. Data collection included demographic and disease characteristics, decisional conflict scale, and decision self-efficacy scale. Results were analyzed using independent t test, Fisher's exact test, generalized estimating equation, and paired t tests. RESULTS: The study results revealed that the intervention group experienced a significant increase in decision self-efficacy and a significant decrease in decisional conflict at 1 month after receiving the SDM intervention in comparison to before and immediately after receiving the intervention. Moreover, the intervention group had higher decision self-efficacy and lower decisional conflict than the control group. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The SDM program may be an effective intervention for complex decision-making processes, such as the process involved in making renal replacement treatment decisions. The SDM program group intervention improved decisional conflict and decision self-efficacy. Thus, to improve patients' decision-making processes, the application of an SDM program focused on the personal values and opinions of patients with ESRD will be necessary. Physicians and case managers of patients with ESRD should act in complementary and cooperative roles in SDM programs.
Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Compartilhada , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Terapia de Substituição Renal/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Participação do Paciente , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Terapia de Substituição Renal/métodos , TaiwanRESUMO
The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of special care nursery (SCN) nurses tending patients on bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP). The action research (AR) method with focus group interview was used, and five focus-group interviews were conducted between November 2015 and January 2016. Twenty SCN nurses who had cared neonates on bCPAP for at least one shift were recruited and interviewed. Six themes were revealed in two stages. The first stage was "experience of change," three themes evolved: "resistance to change," "lack of confidence on new care model," and "request administrative supports and resources from the hospital level." The second stage was "willing to take challenge," three themes evolved: "pursuit of proficiency in bCPAP care," "mastering bPCAP: acquiring self-efficacy, becoming competent, and collaborating as a team," and "the development of creative care methods." In the future when confronted with nurses resisting to new policies or changes, administrators should embrace their emotions, address their insecurity and fear, and provide adequate training to improve confidence through familiarity. Application of this model can help with policy implementation, thereby improving the overall caring quality.
Assuntos
Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Enfermagem Neonatal , Adulto , Comportamento Cooperativo , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , AutoeficáciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies have emphasized that the disclosure of a diagnosis and prognosis is the doctor's responsibility, but little attention has been given to the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this study examined and compared the effectiveness of cancer communication skills training (CST) for doctors and interdisciplinary staff in Taiwan. METHODS: This study utilized a quasi-experimental design. The participants were 124 oncology professionals who participated in cancer CST. These 124 professionals included a group of 65 doctors and a group of 59 interdisciplinary professionals, both of which received the same CST. After the participants have received CST, the changes in their disease disclosure skills were evaluated. RESULTS: Significant pretest-posttest differences were observed in the overall truth-telling scores for both groups (doctors: t = 6.94, P < 0.001; interdisciplinary professionals: t = 7.71, P < 0.001) and in different constructs. However, in many items, the doctors demonstrated no progress after receiving the training (P > 0.05), whereas the interdisciplinary professionals demonstrated significant progress (P < 0.05). In particular, the doctors' scores for 'disclosing information in a monotonous tone' showed significant retrogression (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the overall truth-telling scores of the two groups with regard to pre- and post-CST (P > 0.05 and P > 0.05, respectively), and there were also no significant differences in the four sub-scales' scores. CONCLUSION: The CST for interdisciplinary professionals improved their cooperation and communication skills.
Assuntos
Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Neoplasias/terapia , Médicos , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oncologia , Relações Médico-Paciente , Prognóstico , TaiwanRESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of empowerment case management on the physical health of patients with type 2 diabetes. BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a global health issue. Case management is often used on diabetes management at various levels. Empowerment has been used for chronic situation management, but its effects have not been widely studied in diabetic populations. DESIGN: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 125 participants with type 2 diabetes aged 18 years or older from a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. METHODS: Empowerment case management was applied for 42 participants, while the other 83 received normal case management. Survey items included demographics, preprandial (AC) and postprandial (PC) blood sugar levels, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and the presence or absence of acute and chronic complications. Descriptive statistics and a generalised estimating equation were used to analyse the model's effects on the two groups. RESULTS: The PC blood sugar levels of patients receiving empowerment case management declined at 3 months (B = -34.26, p < .01), and this decrease was maintained at 6 months (B = -83.66, p < .001). As of 6 months after starting the intervention, patients receiving empowerment case management enjoyed better physical health. These patients' AC blood sugar levels (B = -50.16, p < .001), HbA1C (B = -0.98, p < .001), systolic blood pressure (B = -8.24, p < .001), diastolic blood pressure (B = -5.73, p < .01) and total cholesterol (B = -13.74, p < .05) all experienced a continuous drop and were controlled well, and no diabetes-related acute or chronic complications were observed either. Patients with type 2 diabetes who received empowerment case management managed their physical health better. Moreover, its greatest effect was that patients were able to form exercise groups and continue to maintain their health. CONCLUSIONS: Empowerment case management was shown to have a substantial effect on the physical health and self-care of patients with diabetes, thus making it a suitable intervention tool for managing diabetes cases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The study results showed that empowerment case management is suitable for managing diabetes cases. It has a substantial effect on the maintenance of physical health, occurrence of complications and effectiveness of self-care among patients with diabetes. For better care outcomes, empowerment case management should be integrated into the guidelines of diabetes management.
Assuntos
Administração de Caso/organização & administração , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/organização & administração , Pacientes/psicologia , Poder Psicológico , Autocuidado/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autocuidado/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Taiwan , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine activities of daily living trajectory groups among older residents in Taiwan, and to determine the relative risks of demographic characteristics and health status in explaining the trajectory group of activities of daily living. BACKGROUND: Activity of daily living is a crucial indicator of health status for institutionalised older adults. activities of daily living is a dynamic process and has differences in trajectory groups. DESIGN: This study was a 3-year longitudinal analysis of long-term care facility residents in Taiwan. METHODS: A total of 364 older residents completed the entire research process. We used group-based trajectory modelling and multinomial logistic models for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The result of this study revealed that three activities of daily living trajectory groups among older residents exhibited high dependency with gradually declining function (Group 1, 22.53%), low dependency with gradually declining function (Group 2, 43.13%) and persistent independent function (Group 3, 34.34%). Compared with Group 3, Group 1 was related to the following potential risk factors: older age, female, nonmainland China born and a married status. After considering resident health status in the analysis, three significant factors emerged for Group 1: the number of chronic diseases (odds ratio = 2.45), depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 1.71) and cognitive status (odds ratio = 83.11). Compared with Group 3, Group 2 was related to older age. After adding resident health status to the analysis, two significant factors of Group 2 emerged: the number of chronic diseases (odds ratio = 1.68) and depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 1.74). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that health factors, including the number of chronic diseases, cognitive status and depressive symptoms, were more likely to contribute to the development of a decline pattern of activities of daily living. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Appropriate exercise programmes and physical activities, according to residents' personal characteristics and activities of daily living status, is crucial for improving physical functioning, alleviating depression and cognitive defects in institutionalised older adults.
Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Nível de Saúde , Institucionalização , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Assistência de Longa Duração , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , TaiwanRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is important for nurses who work in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) to have an adequate level of computer competency due to the multidisciplinary and comprehensive nature of long-term care services. Thus, it is important to understand the current computer competency of nursing staff in LTCFs and the factors that relate to this competency. PURPOSE: To explore the computer competency of LTCF nurses and to identify the demographic and computer-usage characteristics that relate significantly to computer competency in the LTCF environment. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design and a self-report questionnaire were used to collect data from 185 nurses working at LTCFs in Taipei. RESULTS: The results found that the variables of the frequency of computer use (ß = .33), age (ß = -.30), type(s) of the software used at work (ß = .28), hours of on-the-job training (ß = -.14), prior work experience at other LTCFs (ß = -.14), and Internet use at home (ß = .12) explain 58.0% of the variance in the computer competency of participants. CONCLUSIONS / IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The results of the present study suggest that the following measures may help increase the computer competency of LTCF nurses. (1) Nurses should be encouraged to use electronic nursing records rather than handwritten records. (2) On-the-job training programs should emphasize participant competency in the Excel software package in order to maintain efficient and good-quality of LTC services after implementing of the LTC insurance policy.
Assuntos
Computadores , Assistência de Longa Duração , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Capacitação em Serviço , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to generate evidence regarding the relationships of different dialysis modalities with HR-QOL. DESIGN: A systematic review was conducted to investigate the HR-QOL of patients treated with different dialysis modalities. METHODS: A literature search was conducted for English language articles in the CINAHL, Medline and PubMed databases published from January 1990 through May 2016. Specifically, we sought articles that would compare the HR-QOL of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in terms of physiological, psychological and social functioning, as well as disease symptoms. Thirty-four articles met the study inclusion criteria and were included into the analysis. RESULTS: The research results indicated no significant differences in HR-QOL between HD and PD treatment. However, a higher percentage of patients who received PD had a better HR-QOL in terms of physiological, psychological, social and disease symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that the results of this study showed no difference in HR-QOL between HD and PD treatment, its review of relevant references can serve as a reference for health professionals. However, patients' conditions must still be taken into account when making suggestions about which dialysis modality a patient should use.
Assuntos
Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Diálise Renal/métodos , Humanos , Diálise Peritoneal , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of reliable and valid performance assessments for nurses in long-term care facilities in Taiwan. PURPOSE: This study develops a performance assessment instrument for nurses working in long-term care facilities. METHODS: A participatory action research approach was used to validate the performance assessment instrument. After 19 experts evaluated the results from the focus groups, field testing of the instrument was carried out among 190 nurses working in long-term care facilities. Factor analysis was employed to establish the construct validity of the scale. RESULTS: The final scale consisted of 11 categories with 69 items. The overall scale reliability had a Cronbach's alpha of .98, and the values of the Cronbach's alphas for the various categories ranged from .84 to .97. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The performance scale evaluated in this article has acceptable reliability, content validity, and construct validity. This scale can be used as an objective tool for measuring the performance of nurses working in long-term care settings.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional/métodos , Enfermagem Geriátrica/organização & administração , Assistência de Longa Duração/organização & administração , Adulto , Competência Clínica/normas , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , TaiwanRESUMO
Older adults are at risk of problems of medication use including underuse, overuse, and misuse. The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence of the use of conventional and complementary and alternative medications (CAM) in older adults and to explore which factors related to their medication use. For this descriptive correlational study, 1,427 citizens who were 65 years old or older from two towns in Yilan County, Taiwan were interviewed by ten trained public health nurses between June and September, 2013. Instruments in this study were physical functional capacity, depressive symptoms, and medication use. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and the Chi-square test were used to detect relationships among research variables. Of the 1,427 participants, 75.4 % used at least one type of conventional medication, and the average number of medications used was 2.9 (SD = 2.1). Polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications) was identified in 20.1 % of participants. Significant factors related to conventional medications use were older age (χ(2) = 41.7***), female (χ(2) = 7.6**), bad memory (χ(2) = 11.2**), defect cognition status (χ(2) = 7.8**), lost the interest to do anything depressive symptoms (χ(2) = 7.2**), and independent in their daily activities (χ(2) = 41.3***). We found that sociodemographic characteristics and factors pertaining to health status determine the difference between the use of conventional medications and CAM by rural older adults. Our study results suggested that health professionals in Taiwan must be educated and trained in how to integrate CAM into current conventional treatment.
Assuntos
Terapias Complementares/estatística & dados numéricos , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Saúde Mental , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Atividades Cotidianas , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Polimedicação , Prevalência , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , TaiwanRESUMO
Tobacco use has reached epidemic levels around the World, resulting in a world-wide increase in tobacco-related deaths and disabilities. Hospitalization presents an opportunity for nurses to encourage inpatients to quit smoking. This qualitative descriptive study was aimed to explore nurse-counsellors' perspectives of facilitators and barriers in the implementation of effective smoking cessation counselling services for inpatients. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 nurses who were qualified smoking cessation counsellors and who were recruited from eleven health promotion hospitals that were smoke-free and located in the Greater Taipei City Area. Data were collected from May 2012 to October 2012, and then analysed using content analysis based on the grounded theory approach. From nurse-counsellors' perspectives, an effective smoking cessation program should be patient-centred and provide a supportive environment. Another finding is that effective smoking cessation counselling involves encouraging patients to modify their lifestyles. Time constraints and inadequate resources are barriers that inhibit the effectiveness of smoking cessation counselling programs in acute-care hospitals. We suggest that hospitals should set up a smoking counselling follow-up program, including funds, facilities, and trained personnel to deliver counselling services by telephone, and build a network with community smoking cessation resources.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde , Aconselhamento Diretivo/métodos , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , TaiwanRESUMO
PURPOSE: To explore the effect of physical health status and depressive symptoms on quality of life (QOL) and to examine whether depressive symptoms mediate the effect of physical health status on the physical and mental components of QOL among institutionalized older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was used to assess 306 residents from 73 long-term care facilities in Taipei, Taiwan. FINDINGS: We found that depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and activities of daily living and physical components of QOL (z = -2.41, p = .016; z = 3.33, p < .001) as well as between the number of chronic diseases and mental components of QOL (z = -2.45, p = .014). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Our findings indicate that alleviating depressive symptoms can improve the QOL of older adults in long-term care facilities.
Assuntos
Depressão/psicologia , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos , Casas de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , TaiwanRESUMO
AIM: This study explores the mediating effects of job satisfaction on work stress and turnover intention among long-term care nurses in Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Healthcare institutions face a nursing shortage, and it is important to examine the factors that influence turnover intention among nurses. Excessive levels of work stress may lead to employee dissatisfaction and a significant inverse relationship between work stress and job satisfaction, including subsequent effects on turnover among nurses. However, little is known about the mediating role of job satisfaction on work stress and turnover intention among long-term care nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and a correlation design were used. Multistage linear regression was used to test the mediation model. RESULTS: This study showed that job satisfaction significantly mediated the relationship between work stress and turnover intention. Thirty-eight percent of the variance in turnover intention explained by work stress was accounted for by the mediation pathway. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that higher job satisfaction significantly decreased work stress and turnover intention among long-term care nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This study provides nursing administrators with a resource to build a supportive environment to increase nurses' job satisfaction and to decrease their stress and turnover.
Assuntos
Satisfação no Emprego , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Assistência de Longa Duração , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermeiros Administradores , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/psicologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Lealdade ao Trabalho , Taiwan , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effects of work empowerment on job satisfaction for nurses in long-term care facilities in Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Previous research has noted that job satisfaction is an important factor that reflects upon the work environment and the characteristics of the job itself. It is important to link work empowerment to job satisfaction among nurses. METHODS: This research study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 65 nurses participated in the study. Regression models and Sobel tests were fitted to evaluate the relationship between work empowerment and job satisfaction. RESULTS: Structural empowerment mediated the effects of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction (standardized ß = 0.46, Sobel test: z = 2.69, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Both psychological and structural empowerment positively correlated with job satisfaction among nurses in long-term care facilities. The structural empowerment had a mediating effect on job satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The managers of long-term care facilities should create an empowering work environment for nurses by providing them with available resources and by involving them in the developmental goals of the facilities. The critical structural components of an empowered workplace can contribute to the psychological empowerment of nurses and increase their job satisfaction.
Assuntos
Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Assistência de Longa Duração , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa em Administração de Enfermagem , Poder Psicológico , Local de Trabalho , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Oral health is often overlooked in institutional elder care but may have an impact on general health and ability to communicate. We aimed to determine the factor associated with chewing and swallowing problems among long-term care residents in Taiwan. Staff nurses trained to evaluate oral health assessed 781 residents using relevant sections of the Minimum Data Set 2.1 for nursing homes (Chinese version), including the Cognitive Performance Scale, Index of Social Engagement, and Activities of Daily Living Scale. Individuals with chewing and swallowing problems (n = 345) tended to be women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, P = .019) in smaller facilities (OR = 4.18, P < .001) with fewer natural teeth (OR = 0.54, P = .011); more broken, loose, or carious teeth (OR = 1.74, P = .042); and with more frequently inflamed gums (OR = 2.72, P = .025) than residents without chewing and swallowing problems (n = 436). Residents' chewing and swallowing problems were significantly associated with parenteral/enteral intake, oral health status, nutritional status, concomitant disease and infection, cognitive function, and social engagement.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição , Pacientes Internados , Assistência de Longa Duração , Mastigação , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , TaiwanRESUMO
AIM: This aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-month educational workshop for community leaders designed to improve their confidence in health promotion programmes and to develop partnerships among the participants. BACKGROUND: It is important for public health nurses to work with community leaders to provide community-orientated services. However, only a few existing studies have reported the content and effects of training programmes aimed at enhancing the capabilities of community leaders. METHODS: A participatory action research design with pre- and post-test methods was applied in this study. Fifteen community leaders completed a 6-month educational workshop that was held in Tamsui, Taipei and Taiwan. It was designed to enable community leaders to improve their confidence in planning health programmes and developing group partnerships. Data were collected from April 2009 to October 2009, and descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank test analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Participants demonstrated improvements in their self-efficacies of planning health programmes by completing a structured questionnaire after attending a 6-month educational workshop (Z =-2·90, P = 0·004). Their confidence in data collection, needs assessment and diagnosis, programme planning, and programme evaluation were significantly improved (Z = -3·1, P = 0·002; Z = -2·42, P = 0·016, Z = -2·84, P = 0·004, and Z = -2·68, P = 0·007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Providing training workshops for community leaders is a useful strategy for increasing their capabilities and confidence in planning health programmes. Nurses have a responsibility to advocate and provide training programmes for community leaders.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Educação/organização & administração , Planejamento em Saúde/organização & administração , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Liderança , Autoeficácia , Adulto , Idoso , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Comportamento Cooperativo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Poder Psicológico , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública , TaiwanRESUMO
Identifying the utilization behaviors of LTC residents is necessary in order to forecast the demand and the level of resource use for health services. The purpose of this study is to understand the utilization behaviors and their predictors among residents of community-based LTC facilities in Taiwan. A prospective design was used in this study. Subjects were from six community-based LTC facilities in Beitou district of Taipei, Taiwan. A one-month time sheet was developed comprising subjects' socio-demographic characteristics, health status, and their use of LTC services. Among five types of LTC services examined in this study, assistance with activities of daily living (ADL) were the most commonly used (mean=67.3±46.0). ADL score was the strongest predictor of service utilization, accounting for 40% of the total variation in the utilization of personal assistance services (R2=0.396). The second most commonly used service was skilled-nursing services (mean=13.3±10.3). The most common skilled-nursing activities were administration of medication (mean=5.2±3.9) and measuring vital sign measurement (mean=3.4±2.3). The results provide useful information on how to allocate resources among staff in community-based LTC facilities.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência de Longa Duração/estatística & dados numéricos , Atividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Previsões , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , TaiwanRESUMO
AIMS: The aim was to explore the prevalence of five components of metabolic syndrome with respect to gender and health-promoting lifestyle behaviours. BACKGROUND: Age- and gender-specific strategies might be useful as an approach to controlling metabolic syndrome. Prevention or delaying the onset of metabolic syndrome is of utmost importance in terms of chronic disease care in Taiwan. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHOD: Participants self-completed a questionnaire and replied via mail. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 24.07%, with men showing a higher rate than women. High blood pressure was the first abnormal component. The genders were significantly different in the prevalence of high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia and decreased HDL-C. Age was also a significant determinant and positively correlated to the total Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) scale score (r = 0.11*), nutrition (r = 0.14**), physical activity (r = -0.16**) and health responsibility (r = 0.12**). CONCLUSIONS: Young, employed adult men were most at risk for having metabolic syndrome. It would seem that it is essential to control blood pressure and abdominal obesity to prevent metabolic syndrome; however, accomplishing this by trying to improve the level of physical activity does not seem to be a viable solution. Moreover, lifestyle modification has been proposed using gender-, age- and location-specific interventions. Nurses should not only strive to investigate the factors that lead to the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours by using the system approach, but also to empower people to participate in designing health programmes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: By understanding the components of metabolic syndrome, it will be possible to develop more effective strategies for its prevention. Based on this, it will help if healthcare providers focus their efforts on the specific components of metabolic syndrome and on the individuals who are at the greatest risk of developing metabolic syndrome.