Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Fetal Wound Healing Features Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.

The potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hucMSC-EVs) in wound healing is promising, yet a comprehensive understanding of how fibroblasts and keratinocytes respond to this treatment remains limited. This study utilizes single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the impact of hucMSC-EVs on the cutaneous wound microenvironment in mice. Through rigorous single-cell analyses, we unveil the emergence of hucMSC-EV-induced hematopoietic fibroblasts and MMP13+ fibroblasts. Notably, MMP13+ fibroblasts exhibit fetal-like expressions of MMP13, MMP9, and HAS1, accompanied by heightened migrasome activity. Activation of MMP13+ fibroblasts is orchestrated by a distinctive PIEZO1-calcium-HIF1α-VEGF-MMP13 pathway, validated through murine models and dermal fibroblast assays. Organotypic culture assays further affirm that these activated fibroblasts induce keratinocyte migration via MMP13-LRP1 interactions. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneities as well as intercellular interactions in wound healing and identifies hucMSC-EV-induced hematopoietic fibroblasts as potential targets for reprogramming. The therapeutic targets presented by these fibroblasts offer exciting prospects for advancing wound healing strategies.

Isolation, identification and transcriptome analysis of triadimefon-degrading strain Enterobacter hormaechei TY18.

Triadimefon, a type of triazole systemic fungicide, has been extensively used to control various fungal diseases. However, triadimefon could lead to severe environmental pollution, and even threatens human health. To eliminate triadimefon residues, a triadimefon-degrading bacterial strain TY18 was isolated from a long-term polluted site and was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei. Strain TY18 could grow well in a carbon salt medium with triadimefon as the sole nitrogen source, and could efficiently degrade triadimefon. Under triadimefon stress, a total of 430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 197 up-regulated and 233 down-regulated DEGs, were identified in strain TY18 using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Functional classification and enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly related to amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, small molecule and pyrimidine metabolism. Interestingly, the DEGs encoding monooxygenase and hydrolase activity acting on carbon-nitrogen were highly up-regulated, might be mainly responsible for the metabolism in triadimefon. Our findings in this work suggest that strain E. hormaechei TY18 could efficiently degrade triadimefon for the first time. They provide a great potential to manage triadimefon biodegradation in the environment successfully.

Impact of lifestyle and clinical factors on the prognosis of tennis elbow.

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) typically responds well to conservative treatment, and few patients require surgical intervention. This study aimed to investigate the influence of lifestyle and clinical factors on the prognosis of tennis elbow. This prospective, multicenter, nested case-control study included patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis after excluding other conditions. Patients who required surgery because of inadequate improvement after 6 months of conservative treatment were defined as the case group; the remaining patients constituted the control group. Propensity score matching was performed to eliminate baseline differences. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. This study included 265 patients (53 in the case group, 212 in the control group). Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking, alcohol consumption, and frequent physical exercise were independent risk factors for surgical intervention, whereas combined treatment with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and local corticosteroid injections was a protective factor against surgery. Subgroup analysis showed that heavy drinkers had a 3.74-fold higher risk of requiring surgical treatment within 1 year than occasional drinkers. Smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with non-operative treatment failure in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Combining oral NSAIDs and corticosteroid injections is a favorable conservative treatment option.

Determination of soluble solids content of multiple varieties of tomatoes by full transmission visible-near infrared spectroscopy.

Introduction: Soluble solids content (SSC) is a pivotal parameter for assessing tomato quality. Traditional measurement methods are both destructive and time-consuming. Methods: To enhance accuracy and efficiency in SSC assessment, this study employs full transmission visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and multi-point spectral data collection techniques to quantitatively analyze SSC in two tomato varieties ('Provence' and 'Jingcai No.8' tomatoes). Preprocessing of the multi-point spectra is carried out using a weighted averaging approach, aimed at noise reduction, signal-to-noise ratio improvement, and overall data quality enhancement. Taking into account the potential influence of various detection orientations and preprocessing methods on model outcomes, we investigate the combination of partial least squares regression (PLSR) with two orientations (O1 and O2) and two preprocessing techniques (Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG) and Standard Normal Variate transformation (SNV)) in the development of SSC prediction models. Results: The model achieved the best results in the O2 orientation and SNV pretreatment as follows: 'Provence' tomato (Rp = 0.81, RMSEP = 0.69°Brix) and 'Jingcai No.8' tomatoes (Rp = 0.84, RMSEP = 0.64°Brix). To further optimize the model, characteristic wavelength selection is introduced through Least Angle Regression (LARS) with L1 and L2 regularization. Notably, when λ=0.004, LARS-L1 produces superior results ('Provence' tomato: Rp = 0.95, RMSEP = 0.35°Brix; 'Jingcai No.8' tomato: Rp = 0.96, RMSEP = 0.33°Brix). Discussion: This study underscores the effectiveness of full transmission Vis-NIR spectroscopy in predicting SSC in different tomato varieties, offering a viable method for accurate and swift SSC assessment in tomatoes.

Construction and Curing Behavior of Underwater In Situ Repairing Coatings for Offshore Structures.

The development of polymeric materials for the repair and reinforcement of damaged sites in water has many practical applications, especially in ocean engineering. However, it is difficult to construct an anticorrosion coating in water. In addition, curing kinetics, which are the key to enhance the performance of coatings, seem to hardly be observed and regulated in an underwater condition. Herein, a novel underwater in situ repairing coating was prepared. Meanwhile, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied to observe its curing behavior underwater. Adhesion tests showed that the coatings cured underwater had good adhesion to different substrate surfaces and the ideal ratio of curing agent to epoxy resin was 0.6. Long-term anticorrosive tests demonstrated that the coatings had an excellent anti-corrosion performance. The viscosity changes in different curing stages were well reflected by frequency response characteristics from Bode and Nyquist curves by EIS. Two equivalent electrical circuits were selected to simulate the impedance date at the initial and final curing stage. A formula was put forward to evaluate the curing degree during the curing process. Finally, the effects of temperature and the ingredient ratio on the reaction rate and curing degree were also investigated here. This underwater in situ repairing coating may find applications in many offshore engineering structures in marine environments, and the EIS technique has attractive development and application prospects when observing the curing information of thermosetting resin systems under special circumstances.

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Fusarium spp. associated with root rot of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China.

Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soil-borne disease in the world. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas, and seriously affected the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) sequences, 68 Fusarium isolates obtained in this work were identified as F. oxysporum (52.94%), F. acuminatum (20.59%), F. solani (16.17%), F. proliferatum (5.88%), F. incarnatum (2.94%) and F. brachygibbosum (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all Fusarium isolates could infect S. baicalensis roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, F. oxysporum was found to have the highest virulence on S. baicalensis roots, followed by F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum and F. incarnatum. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, Fusarium isolates were more sensitive to fudioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum and F. brachygibbosum) as causal agents of S. baicalensis root rot in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of S. baicalensis root rot.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence protein ESAT-6 influences M1/M2 polarization and macrophage apoptosis to regulate tuberculosis progression.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and it remains one of the major threats to human health worldwide. To our knowledge, the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages were critical innate immune cells which play important roles in regulating the immune response during TB progression. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of M1/M2 macrophage polarization in TB development. METHODS: THP-1 macrophages were treated with early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) protein for an increasing time. The polarization profiles, apoptosis levels of M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, Western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS: ESAT-6 initially promoted the generation of pro-inflammatory M1-polarized macrophages in THP-1 cells within 24 h, which were suppressed by further ESAT-6 treatment at 30-42 h. Interestingly, ESAT-6 continuously promoted M2 polarization of THP-1 cells, thereby maintaining the anti-inflammatory response in a time-dependent manner. In addition, ESAT-6 promoted apoptotic cell death in M1-polarized macrophages, which had little effects on apoptosis of M2-phenotype of macrophages. Then, the potential underlying mechanisms were uncovered, and we verified that ESAT-6 increased the protein levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB to activate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway within 24 h, and this signal pathway was significantly inactivated at 36 h post-treatment. Interestingly, the following experiments confirmed that ESAT-6 TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway-dependently regulated M1/M2 polarization and apoptosis of macrophage in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION: Our study investigated the detailed effects and mechanisms of M1/M2 macrophages in regulating innate responses during TB development, which provided a new perspective on the development of treatment strategies for this disease.

Hsa-LINC02418/mmu-4930573I07Rik regulated by METTL3 dictates anti-PD-L1 immunotherapeutic efficacy via enhancement of Trim21-mediated PD-L1 ubiquitination.

BACKGROUND: Limited response to programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy is a major hindrance of checkpoint immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The abundance of PD-L1 on the tumor cell surface is crucial for the responsiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. However, the negative control of PD-L1 expression and the physiological significance of the PD-L1 inhibition in NSCLC immunotherapy remain obscure. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to profile and investigate the long non-coding RNAs that negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression and positively correlated with CD8+T cell infiltration in NSCLC. Immunofluorescence, in vitro PD-1 binding assay, T cell-induced apoptosis assays and in vivo syngeneic mouse models were used to investigate the functional roles of LINC02418 and mmu-4930573I07Rik in regulating anti-PD-L1 therapeutic efficacy in NSCLC. The molecular mechanism of LINC02418-enhanced PD-L1 downregulation was explored by immunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and ubiquitination assays. RIP, luciferase reporter, and messenger RNA degradation assays were used to investigate the m6A modification of LINC02418 or mmu-4930573I07Rik expression. Bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) verification were performed to determine the significance of LINC02418, PD-L1 expression and CD8+T cell infiltration. RESULTS: LINC02418 is a negative regulator of PD-L1 expression that positively correlated with CD8+T cell infiltration, predicting favorable clinical outcomes for patients with NSCLC. LINC02418 downregulates PD-L1 expression by enhancing PD-L1 ubiquitination mediated by E3 ligase Trim21. Both hsa-LINC02418 and mmu-4930573I07Rik (its homologous RNA in mice) regulate PD-L1 therapeutic efficacy in NSCLC via Trim21, inducing T cell-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, METTL3 inhibition via N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification mediated by YTHDF2 reader upregulates hsa-LINC02418 and mmu-4930573I07Rik. In patients with NSCLC, LINC02418 expression is inversely correlated with PD-L1 expression and positively correlated with CD8+T infiltration. CONCLUSION: LINC02418 functions as a negative regulator of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cells by promoting the degradation of PD-L1 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The expression of LINC02418 is regulated by METTL3/YTHDF2-mediated m6A modification. This study illuminates the underlying mechanisms of PD-L1 negative regulation and presents a promising target for improving the effectiveness of anti-PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC.

Epstein-Barr virus infection with non-tumor-associated Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report and review of literature.

To study a case of a middle-aged male with a non-tumor-associated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection associated with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE), to explore the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of anti-NMDARE. The patient was diagnosed with "Anti-NMDARE, EBV infection" by using Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoimmune encephalitis profile, and Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) pathogenic microbial assays, we discuss the relationship between EBV and NMDARE by reviewed literature. EBV infection may trigger and enhance anti-NMDARE, and the higher the titer of NMDAR antibody, the more severe the clinical presentation.

Homogenizing microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge using nano-Fe3O4: volatile gas product analysis.

To improve the homogeneity of heating, the magnetic absorbing material Fe3O4 is considered to use in microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge. Therefore, the effect of Fe3O4 on the microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge is investigated based on gas volatile products. Thermogravimetric mass spectrometry result certifies that Fe3O4 will increase the weight-loss ratio from 13.0% to 14.1%. Also, the characteristic peak intensity of CO in gas products decreases from 5.41 × 10-10 A/g to 1.95 × 10-10 A/g, while H2O increases from 3.57 × 10-10 A/g to 7.32 × 10-10 A/g and CO2 increases from 6.87 × 10-10 A/g to 8.92 × 10-10 A/g. This is caused by the esterification of alcohols and esters and the reduction of Fe3O4 by CO. Based on the decrease in activation energy and enthalpy values of Stage II and IV, it infers that Fe3O4 catalyzes the pyrolysis process of oily sludge to some extent. Similarly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results show that Fe3O4 can make the types of gas products increase. Especially, the number of molecular species increases from 5 to 46 under 200-300 °C. Finally, a simple molecular dynamics simulation model is conducted, and the results are in agreement with the experimental results. This study shows that Fe3O4 improves the pyrolysis homogeneity and the pyrolysis efficiency also improves.

Early bruising detection of 'Korla' pears by low-cost visible-LED structured-illumination reflectance imaging and feature-based classification models.

Introduction: Nondestructive detection of thin-skinned fruit bruising is one of the main challenges in the automated grading of post-harvest fruit. The structured-illumination reflectance imaging (SIRI) is an emerging optical technique with the potential for detection of bruises. Methods: This study presented the pioneering application of low-cost visible-LED SIRI for detecting early subcutaneous bruises in 'Korla' pears. Three types of bruising degrees (mild, moderate and severe) and ten sets of spatial frequencies (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 cycles m-1) were analyzed. By evaluation of contrast index (CI) values, 150 cycles m-1 was determined as the optimal spatial frequency. The sinusoidal pattern images were demodulated to get the DC, AC, and RT images without any stripe information. Based on AC and RT images, texture features were extracted and the LS-SVM, PLS-DA and KNN classification models combined the optimized features were developed for the detection of 'Korla' pears with varying degrees of bruising. Results and discussion: It was found that RT images consistently outperformed AC images regardless of type of model, and LS-SVM model exhibited the highest detection accuracy and stability. Across mild, moderate, severe and mixed bruises, the LS-SVM model with RT images achieved classification accuracies of 98.6%, 98.9%, 98.5%, and 98.8%, respectively. This study showed that visible-LED SIRI technique could effectively detect early bruising of 'Korla' pears, providing a valuable reference for using low-cost visible LED SIRI to detect fruit damage.

Low Temperature Thermal Treatment of Incineration Fly Ash under Different Atmospheres and Its Recovery as Cement Admixture.

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is classified as hazardous waste because it contains dioxins and a variety of heavy metals. It is not allowed to be directly landfilled without curing pretreatment, but the increasing production of fly ash and scarce land resources has triggered consideration of the rational disposal of fly ash. In this study, solidification treatment and resource utilization were combined, and the detoxified fly ash was used as cement admixture. The effects of thermal treatment in different atmospheres on the physical and chemical properties of fly ash and the effects of fly ash as admixture on cement properties were investigated. The results indicated that the mass of fly ash increased due to the capture of CO2 after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere. When the temperature was 500 °C, the weight gain reached the maximum. After thermal treatment (500 °C + 1 h) in air, CO2, and N2 atmospheres, the toxic equivalent quantities of dioxins in fly ash decreased to 17.12 ng TEQ/kg, 0.25 ng TEQ/kg, and 0.14 ng TEQ/kg, and the degradation rates were 69.95%, 99.56%, and 99.75%, respectively. The direct use of fly ash as admixture would increase the water consumption of standard consistency of cement and reduce the fluidity and 28 d strength of mortar. Thermal treatment in three atmospheres could inhibit the negative effect of fly ash, and the inhibition effect of thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere was the best. The fly ash after thermal treatment in CO2 atmosphere had the possibility of being used as admixture for resource utilization. Because the dioxins in the fly ash were effectively degraded, the prepared cement did not have the risk of heavy metal leaching, and the performance of the cement also met the requirements.

Detection of early bruises on apples using hyperspectral reflectance imaging coupled with optimal wavelengths selection and improved watershed segmentation algorithm.

BACKGROUND: Bruises caused by mechanical collision during the harvesting and storage and transportation period are difficult to detect using traditional machine vision technologies because there is no obvious difference in appearance between bruised and sound tissues. As a result of its fast and non-destructive characteristics, hyperspectral imaging technology is a potential tool for non-destructive detection of fruit surface defects. RESULTS: In the present study, visible near infrared hyperspectral reflectance images of healthy apples and bruised apples at 6, 12 and 24 h were obtained. To reduce hyperspectral data dimension, optimal wavelength selection algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA) and band ratio methods were utilized to select the effective wavelengths and enhance the contrast between bruised and sound tissues. Then pseudo-color image transformation technology combining with improved watershed segmentation algorithm (IWSA) were employed to recognize the bruise spots. The result obtained showed that band ratio images obtained better detection performance than that of PCA. The G component derived from pseudo-color image of λ 821 - λ 752 / λ 821 + λ 752 followed by IWSA obtained the best segmentation performance for bruise spots. Finally, a multispectral imaging system for the detection of bruised apple was developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed two-band ratio algorithm, obtaining recognition rates of 93.3%, 92.2% and 92.5% for healthy, bruised and overall apples, respectively. CONCLUSION: The bruise detection algorithm proposed in the present study has potential to detect bruised apple in online practical applications and hyperspectral reflectance imaging offers a useful reference for the detection of surficial defects of fruit. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

[Lamin B1 regulates the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by influencing telomerase activity].

Lamin B1 (LMNB1) is highly expressed in liver cancer tissues, and its influence and mechanism on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were explored by knocking down the expression of the protein. In liver cancer cells, siRNAs were used to knock down LMNB1. Knockdown effects were detected by Western blotting. Changes in telomerase activity were detected by telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay (TRAP) experiments. Telomere length changes were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). CCK8, cloning formation, transwell and wound healing were performed to detect changes in its growth, invasion and migration capabilities. The lentiviral system was used to construct HepG2 cells that steadily knocked down LMNB1. Then the changes of telomere length and telomerase activity were detected, and the cell aging status was detected by SA-ß-gal senescence staining. The effects of tumorigenesis were detected by nude mouse subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiments, subsequent histification staining of tumors, SA-ß-gal senescence staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for telomere analysis and other experiments. Finally, the method of biogenesis analysis was used to find the expression of LMNB1 in clinical liver cancer tissues, and its relationship with clinical stages and patient survival. Knockdown of LMNB1 in HepG2 and Hep3B cells significantly reduced telomerase activity, cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. Experiments in cells and tumor formation in nude mice had demonstrated that stable knockdown of LMNB1 reduced telomerase activity, shortened telomere length, senesced cells, reduced cell tumorigenicity and KI-67 expression. Bioinformatics analysis showed that LMNB1 was highly expressed in liver cancer tissues and correlated with tumor stage and patient survival. In conclusion, LMNB1 is overexpressed in liver cancer cells, and it is expected to become an indicator for evaluating the clinical prognosis of liver cancer patients and a target for precise treatment.

Rapid Nondestructive Testing Technology-Based Biosensors for Food Analysis.

Food analysis plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and quality of food products [...].

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote murine skin wound healing by neutrophil and macrophage modulations revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

Introduction: Full-thickness skin wound healing remains a serious undertaking for patients. While stem cell-derived exosomes have been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach, the underlying mechanism of action has yet to be fully elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-Exosomes) on the single-cell transcriptome of neutrophils and macrophages in the context of wound healing. Methods: Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing, the transcriptomic diversity of neutrophils and macrophages was analyzed in order to predict the cellular fate of these immune cells under the influence of hucMSC-Exosomes and to identify alterations of ligand-receptor interactions that may influence the wound microenvironment. The validity of the findings obtained from this analysis was subsequently corroborated by immunofluorescence, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. Neutrophil origins were characterized based on RNA velocity profiles. Results: The expression of RETNLG and SLC2A3 was associated with migrating neutrophils, while BCL2A1B was linked to proliferating neutrophils. The hucMSC-Exosomes group exhibited significantly higher levels of M1 macrophages (215 vs 76, p < 0.00001), M2 macrophages (1231 vs 670, p < 0.00001), and neutrophils (930 vs 157, p < 0.00001) when compared to control group. Additionally, it was observed that hucMSC-Exosomes elicit alterations in the differentiation trajectories of macrophages towards more anti-inflammatory phenotypes, concomitant with changes in ligand-receptor interactions, thereby facilitating healing. Discussion: This study has revealed the transcriptomic heterogeneity of neutrophils and macrophages in the context of skin wound repair following hucMSC-Exosomes interventions, providing a deeper understanding of cellular responses to hucMSC-Exosomes, a rising target of wound healing intervention.

Corrigendum: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote murine skin wound healing by neutrophil and macrophage modulations revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142088.].

The relationship between psychological resilience, neuroticism, attentional bias, and depressive symptoms in college Chinese students.

In recent years, the incidence of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students has been increasing. Studies have shown that depressive symptoms are related to a variety of psychosocial factors, among which neuroticism, resilience, and attention bias are most notably related, but the correlation among the three is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the influence mechanisms of different degrees of resilience, attentional bias, and neuroticism in the formation of depressive symptoms. The college freshmen of this study were selected through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. Students provided informed consent and then completed a general situation questionnaire and four scales: the Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Zung Self-Rating Depressive Symptoms Scale. In total, 1,493 freshmen participated in the research group. Our results showed that low resilience, negative attention bias, and high neuroticism jointly increased the risk of depressive symptoms. There is a significant correlation between these three factors and depressive symptoms. Additionally, strength, tenacity, and attention bias all had more significant effects on the occurrence of depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that there may be an important psychological mechanism for the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of depressive symptoms.

Real-Time Grading of Defect Apples Using Semantic Segmentation Combination with a Pruned YOLO V4 Network.

At present, the apple grading system usually conveys apples by a belt or rollers. This usually leads to low hardness or expensive fruits being bruised, resulting in economic losses. In order to realize real-time detection and classification of high-quality apples, separate fruit trays were designed to convey apples and used to prevent apples from being bruised during image acquisition. A semantic segmentation method based on the BiSeNet V2 deep learning network was proposed to segment the defective parts of defective apples. BiSeNet V2 for apple defect detection obtained a slightly better result in MPA with a value of 99.66%, which was 0.14 and 0.19 percentage points higher than DAnet and Unet, respectively. A model pruning method was used to optimize the structure of the YOLO V4 network. The detection accuracy of defect regions in apple images was further improved by the pruned YOLO V4 network. Then, a surface mapping method between the defect area in apple images and the actual defect area was proposed to accurately calculate the defect area. Finally, apples on separate fruit trays were sorted according to the number and area of defects in the apple images. The experimental results showed that the average accuracy of apple classification was 92.42%, and the F1 score was 94.31. In commercial separate fruit tray grading and sorting machines, it has great application potential.