A Noncentrosymmetric Metal-Free Borophosphate: Achieving a Large Birefringence and Excellent Stability by Covalent-Linkage.

Organic-inorganic hybrid linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have received increasingly wide spread attention in recent years. Herein, the first hybrid noncentrosymmetric (NCS) borophosphate, (C5H6N)2B2O(HPO4)2 (4PBP), is rationally designed and synthesized by a covalent-linkage strategy. 4-pyridyl-boronic acid (4 PB) is considered as a bifunctional unit, which may effectively improve the optical properties and stability of the resultant material. On the one hand, 4 PB units are covalently linked with PO3(OH) groups via strong B-O-P connections, which significantly enhances the thermal stability of 4PBP (decomposition at 321, vs lower 200 °C of most of hybrid materials). On the other hand, the planar π-conjugated C5H6N units and their uniform layered arrangements represent large structural anisotropy and hyperpolarizability, achieving the largest birefringence (0.156 @ 546 nm) in the reported borophosphates and a second-harmonic generation response (0.7 × KDP). 4PBP also exhibits a wide transparency range (0.27-1.50 µm). This work not only provides a promising birefringent material, but also offers a practical covalent-attachment strategy for the rational design of new high-performance optical materials.

Rogue waves and instability arising from long-wave-short-wave resonance beyond the integrable regime.

We consider instability and localized patterns arising from the long-wave-short-wave resonance in the nonintegrable regime numerically. We study the stability and instability of elliptic-function periodic waves with respect to subharmonic perturbations, whose period is a multiple of the period of the elliptic waves. We thus find the modulational instability (MI) of the corresponding dnoidal waves. Upon varying parameters of dnoidal waves, spectrally unstable ones can be transformed into stable states via the Hamiltonian Hopf bifurcation. For snoidal waves, we find a transition of the dominant instability scenario between the MI and the instability with a bubblelike spectrum. For cnoidal waves, we produce three variants of the MI. Evolution of the unstable states is also considered, leading to formation of rogue waves on top of the elliptic-wave and continuous-wave backgrounds.

Photochromism and Photomagnetism in Two Ni(II) Complexes Based on a Photoactive 2,4,6-Tris-2-Pyridyl-1,3,5-Triazine Ligand.

It is still challenging to construct novel photochromic and photomagnetic materials in the field of molecular materials. Herein, the 2,4,6-tris-2-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine (TPTz) molecule was found to display photochromic properties under room temperature light irradiation. Two mononuclear structures, [Ni(H2O)(TPTz)(C2O4)]·2H2O (1; C2O42- = oxalate) [Ni(H2O)(TPTz)(C2O4)]·0.5H2O (2), and one chain compound [Ni(TPTz)(H2-HEDP)]·2H2O (3; HEDP = hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate) were obtained by assembling TPTz with polydentate O-ligands (oxalate and phosphonate) and the paramagnetic Ni2+ ions. The electron-transfer (ET)-dominated photochromism was observable in 1 and 2 after light irradiation with the photogeneration of relatively stable radicals, and the resultant photochromism was demonstrated via UV-vis, photoluminescence, X-ray photoelectron spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, and molecular orbital calculations. Due to the denser stacking interactions between the adjacent organic molecules, 2 exhibited a faster photochromic rate than 1. Compared with 1 and 2, compound 3 did not show photochromic behavior, which was deciphered by the theoretical calculations for all of the compounds. Importantly, the magnetic couplings appeared between photogenerated radicals and paramagnetic Ni2+ ions, resulting in a scarcely photomagnetic phenomenon of 1 and 2 in the Ni-based electron transfer photochromic materials. This work enriches the available kind of ligands for the design of ET photochromic materials, putting forward a method to tune the electron transfer photochromic efficiency in the molecular materials.

Human activity and climate change accelerate the extinction risk to non-human primates in China.

Human activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China's primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7-4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1-0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30-50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China's National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship.

Aging-Related Behavioral Patterns in Tibetan Macaques.

Aging can induce changes in social behaviors among humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Therefore, investigating the aging process in primate species can provide valuable evidence regarding age-related concerns in humans. However, the link between aging and behavioral patterns in nonhuman primates remains poorly comprehended. To address this gap, the present research examined aging-related behaviors exhibited by Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in their natural habitat in Huangshan, China, during the period from October 2020 to June 2021. We collected behavioral data from 25 adult macaques using different data collection methods, including focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods. We found that among adult female macaques, the frequency of being attacked decreased with their age, and that the frequency of approaching other monkeys also decreased as age increased. In males, however, this was not the case. Our findings demonstrate that older female macaques exhibit active conflict avoidance, potentially attributed to a reduction in the frequency of approaching conspecifics and a decreased likelihood of engaging in conflict behaviors. This study provides some important data for investigating aging in NHPs and confirms that Macaca can exhibit a preference for social partners under aging-related contexts similar to humans.

YSO4F·H2O: A Deep-Ultraviolet Birefringent Rare-Earth Sulfate Fluoride with Enhanced Birefringence Induced by Fluorinated Y-Centered Polyhedra.

Birefringent crystals can modulate and detect the polarization of light and are important optical functional materials. The birefringence is positively correlated to the anisotropy of the structure. By partially substituting sulfate anion with large electronegative fluorine in the parent compound Y2(SO4)3·8H2O, a new fluorinated rare-earth sulfate YSO4F·H2O with enhanced anisotropy was achieved. YSO4F·H2O features a dense 3D structure constructed by the polarizable [YOF] polyhedra and [SO4] tetrahedra. The diffuse reflectance spectrum reveals that it has a short UV absorption edge of below 200 nm. The substitution of the F- ion enhances the optical anisotropy, making the material exhibit an enhanced birefringence (0.0357 at 546 nm), which is 5.1 times that of the parent compound and is also larger than most deep-UV birefringent sulfates. It is expected that this work may shed useful insights in the exploration of deep-UV birefringent materials with enhanced optical performances..

Multicolor Phosphorescence Modulated by Excitation and Temperature in Zn-Based Coordination Polymers.

Color-tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with potential in many fields is of great importance but extremely challenging. It is necessary to comprehend the correlation between the molecular structure and property to design and synthesize such materials. Metal-organic coordination polymers (CPs) with good predesignability and precise structure have become a platform to construct RTP materials. Herein, three zinc-based CPs containing halogen and a flexible tetradentate ligand are synthesized. All of these CPs present two constant emission regions and an excitation-dependent emission region. Structure-property analysis shows that these emissions originate from isolated chromophores and dimerized chromophores as well as various charge transfers. The phosphorescence colors of these CPs can be modulated by excitation and temperature. This study provides a novel strategy to construct multicolor and multiresponsive RTP materials based on metal-organic coordination polymers.

Electrical Conductivity and pH Are Two of the Main Factors Influencing the Composition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Vegetation Succession Series of Songnen Saline-Alkali Grassland.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely distributed microorganisms in the soil, playing an important role in vegetation succession, plant community diversity, and improving soil physicochemical properties. In this study, morphological identification and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to comprehensively analyze the AMF community composition and diversity at different succession stages of Songnen saline-alkali grassland. To determine the root colonization status of plants collected in the field, a colonization system was established using late-succession plants as host plants to verify the existence of mycorrhizal symbiosis and the matching phenomenon of AMF in Songnen saline-alkali grassland. The results indicated that both morphological methods and high-throughput sequencing technology showed that glomus was the dominant genus of AMF in Songnen saline grassland. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and linear regression analysis showed that electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were the main environmental factors affecting AMF species diversity and community structure in the succession sequence of Songnen saline grassland. In addition, the results of root colonization identification and the colonization system test in the field showed that AMF successfully colonized vegetation at different succession stages and had mycorrhizal symbiosis. The results of this study could help to understand the AMF community of Songnen saline-alkali grassland as well as provide a reference and basis for optimizing the AMF community structure of Songnen saline-alkali grassland through human intervention in the future and using mycorrhizal technology to restore and rebuild the degraded ecosystem of Songnen saline-alkali grassland.

Reyanning Mixture on Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect and safety of Reyanning Mixture (RYN) in treating asymptomatic or mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents. METHODS: This is a prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients aged 1-17 years and diagnosed with asymptomatic or mild coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were assigned to an intervention group (RYN plus standard care) and a control group (standard care) according to a randomization list. The primary outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion time. Secondary outcomes included negative conversion rate on days 3 and 7, hospital length of stay, symptom relief rate, new-onset symptoms of asymptomatic infected patients, and progressive disease rate. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of ORF1ab or N genes were also tested. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients in the intervention group and 217 in the control group were analyzed. The SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion time was significantly shortened in the intervention group [5 days (interquartile range (IQR): 5-6) vs. 7 days (IQR: 6-7), P<0.01]. By days 3 and 7, the negative conversion rates were significantly higher in the intervention group (day 3: 32.7% vs. 21.2%, P=0.007; day 7: 75.2% vs. 60.8%, P=0.001). Ct values significantly increase on day 2 [ORF1ab gene: 35.62 (IQR: 29.17-45.00) vs. 34.22 (IQR: 28.41-39.41), P=0.03; N gene: 34.97 (IQR: 28.50-45.00) vs. 33.51 (IQR: 27.70-38.25), P=0.024] and day 3 [ORF1ab gene: 38.00 (IQR: 32.72-45.00) vs. 35.81 (IQR: 29.96-45.00), P=0.003; N gene: 37.16 (IQR: 32.01-45.00) vs. 35.26 (IQR: 29.09-45.00), P=0.01]. No significant difference was found in hospital length of stay between the two groups (P>0.05). Symptoms of cough were significantly improved (82.2% vs. 70.0%, P=0.02) and wheezing was significantly reduced (0.7% vs. 12.9%, P<0.01) in the intervention group compared with the control group. During the trial, no disease progression or serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Adding RYN to standard care may be a safe and effective treatment for children with asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. (Registration No. ChiCTR2200060292).

Photochromic Supramolecular Isomers Derived from Pb(II)-Bipyridinedicarboxylate Complexes.

Photochromic metal-organic complexes (PMOCs) have received huge attention of chemists, thanks to their diverse structural characteristic and various available photo-modulate physicochemical functionalities. The organic ligand plays a crucial role in the quest of PMOCs with specific photo-responsive functionalities. The multiple coordination modes of polydentate ligands also provide possibilities for forming isomeric MOCs, which may open a new perspective on the research of PMOCs. The exploration of suitable PMOC systems is significant for the yield of isomeric PMOCs. Taking into account extant PMOCs based on polypyridines and carboxylate as electron acceptors (EAs) and donors (EDs), the covalent fusion of suitable pyridyl and carboxyl species may produce single functionalized ligands bearing ED and EA moieties for the building of novel PMOCs. In this study, the coordination assembly of bipyridinedicarboxylate (2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, H2bpdc) and Pb2+ ions generate two isomeric MOCs, [Pb(bpdc)]·H2O (1 and 2), which have the same chemical compositions with main discrepancies in the coordination mode of bpdc2- ligands. As expected, supramolecular isomers 1 and 2 exhibited different photochromic performance, thanks to the distinct microscopic functional structural units. A schematic encryption and anti-counterfeiting device based on complexes 1 and 2 has also been studied. Compared with the extensively studied PMOCs supported by photoactive ligands like pyridinium and naphthalimide-derivatives and PMOCs derived from mixed electron-accepting polydentate N-ligands and electron-donating ligands, our work provides a new idea for building PMOCs based on pyridinecarboxylic acid ligands.

Sb4O3(TeO3)2(HSO4)(OH): An Antimony Tellurite Sulfate Exhibiting Large Optical Anisotropy Activated by Lone Pair Stereoactivity.

A new birefringent crystal of Sb4O3(TeO3)2(HSO4)(OH) was achieved by incorporating two stereochemically active lone pair (SCALP) cations of Sb(III) and Te(IV) into sulfates simultaneously. The Sb3+ and Te4+ ions display highly distorted coordination environments due to the SCALP effect. Sb4O3(TeO3)2(HSO4)(OH) displays a 3D structure composed of [Sb4O3(TeO3)2(OH)]∞+ layers bridged by [SO3(OH)]- tetrahedra. It possesses a large birefringence and a wide optical transparent range, making it a new UV birefringent crystal. First-principles calculation analysis suggests that the synergistic effect of the cooperation of SCALP effect of Sb3+ and Te4+ cations make a dominant contribution to the birefringence. The work highlights that units with SCALP cations have advantages in generating large optical anisotropy and are preferable structural units for designing novel birefringent materials.

Current distribution of two species of Chinese macaques (Macaca arctoides and Macaca thibetana) and the possible influence of climate change on future distribution.

Predicting the spatial distribution of species and suitable areas under global climate change could provide a reference for species conservation and long-term management strategies. Macaca thibetana and Macaca arctoides are two endangered species of Chinese macaques. However, limited information is available on their distribution, and their habitat needs lack proper assessment due to complicated taxonomy and less research attention. In recent years, scholars widely used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the impact of global climate and certain environmental factors on species distribution. Therefore, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of both macaque species under six climate change scenarios using occurrence and high-resolution ecological data. We identified climatic factors, elevation, and land cover that shape their distribution range and determined shifts in their habitat range. The results demonstrated that temperature range, annual precipitation, forest land cover, and temperature seasonality, including the precipitation of the driest month are the main factors affecting their distribution. Currently, M. thibetana is mainly concentrated in central, eastern, southern, and southwestern China, and M. arctoides is mainly concentrated in three provinces (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong) in southern China. The MaxEnt model predicted that the suitable habitat for both species will increase with increased greenhouse emission scenarios. We also found that with the further increase in greenhouse emissions M. thibetana is expected to migrate to western China, and M. arctoides is expected to migrate to western or eastern China. This reinterpretation of the distribution of M. thibetana and M. arctoides in China, and predicted potential suitable habitat and possible migration direction, may provide new insights into the future conservation and management of these two species.

Two Acentric Aluminoborates Incorporated d10 Cations: Syntheses, Structures, and Nonlinear Optical Properties.

Two acentric aluminoborates (ABOs), [Zn(en)2Al{B5O9(OH)}{BO(OH)2}] (1) and [Cd(en)2AlB5O10]·H2O (2) (en = ethylenediamine), have been solvothermally made. 1 includes a two-dimensional (2D) wavy ABO layer using B5O9(OH) clusters and AlO3{BO(OH)2} groups, in which both units can be regarded as three-connected nodes, and simplifying the ABO layer to a hcb-type network. 2 features an acentric three-dimensional (3D) porous framework with a unique unc-type network constituted by strictly alternating connected B5O10 clusters and AlO4 units. The structural transformation from a 2D layer 1 to a 3D framework 2 was achieved with the elimination of the terminal hydroxyls in layer 1 by adjusting synthetic conditions in the same solvent system. Metal-amine complexes Zn(en)2/Cd(en)2 bond to the inorganic walls and are located in the cavity of frameworks 1 and 2, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit large second-harmonic generation (SHG) responses that are 2.2 and 2.7 times those of KH2PO4 (KDP), respectively, which are among the largest powder SHG responses for all deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) ABOs. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra of 1 and 2 show a wide transparency window below 190 nm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the B-O units and the introduced distorted d10 metal polyhedra played a decisive role in the optical properties of both compounds.

Gradual Size Enlargement of Aluminum-Oxo Clusters and the Photochromic Properties.

Metallic clusters, assembled by functional motifs, possess the attribute of regulating the properties by changing inorganic and organic components. In this work, a series of aluminum-oxo clusters, [Al6O(dmp)4(Hdmp)2]·2iPrOH [Al6-1, H3dmp = 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid], [Al6(H2thmmg)6]·2DMF·2H2O [Al6-2, H5thmmg = N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine], [Al8(OH)4(NAP-OH)12(MeO)7(MeOH)]Cl·7MeCN·3MeOH (Al8, HNAP-OH = 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid), and [Al10(NA)10(MeO)20] (Al10, HNA = nicotinic acid), were obtained based on different carboxylic acids, realizing metallic ring size enlargement from 5.91 to 9.32 Å. They all exhibit good chemical stability. Importantly, the Al8 cluster displays obvious photochromic behavior from pale yellow to orange yellow, originating from the generation of photoinduced radicals in the metal-assisted ligand-ligand electron transfer process of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNAP-OH). This work enriches the metal ring cluster chemistry and reports the example of the aluminum-oxo cluster-based photochromic material, developing a novel system of photochromic materials.

Applying symptom dynamics to accurately predict influenza virus infection: An international multicenter influenza-like illness surveillance study.

BACKGROUND: Public health organizations have recommended various definitions of influenza-like illnesses under the assumption that the symptoms do not change during influenza virus infection. To explore the relationship between symptoms and influenza over time, we analyzed a dataset from an international multicenter prospective emergency department (ED)-based influenza-like illness cohort study. METHODS: We recruited patients in the US and Taiwan between 2015 and 2020 with: (1) flu-like symptoms (fever and cough, headache, or sore throat), (2) absence of any of the respiratory infection symptoms, or (3) positive laboratory test results for influenza from the current ED visit. We evaluated the association between the symptoms and influenza virus infection on different days of illness. The association was evaluated among different subgroups, including different study countries, influenza subtypes, and only patients with influenza. RESULTS: Among the 2471 recruited patients, 45.7% tested positive for influenza virus. Cough was the most predictive symptom throughout the week (odds ratios [OR]: 7.08-11.15). In general, all symptoms were more predictive during the first 2 days (OR: 1.55-10.28). Upper respiratory symptoms, such as sore throat and productive cough, and general symptoms, such as body ache and fatigue, were more predictive in the first half of the week (OR: 1.51-3.25). Lower respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath and wheezing, were more predictive in the second half of the week (OR: 1.52-2.52). Similar trends were observed for most symptoms in the different subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: The time course is an important factor to be considered when evaluating the symptoms of influenza virus infection.

An apparatus for plasma cleaning and storage of transmission electron microscopy specimens and specimen holders.

The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen with thickness in nanometer scale is susceptible to hydrocarbon contamination and oxidation, and the specimen holder is also susceptible to contaminants, which would deteriorate the quality of TEM imaging and degrade the efficiency of TEM experiments. Conventional pretreatment devices often have limited functions and low practicability, which may cause problems for TEM specimens and holders. In this work, a multifunctional apparatus for plasma cleaning and storage of TEM specimens and specimen holders is developed based on the specific design of the vacuum joints. The apparatus includes a plasma cleaning system, holder storage station, and specimen storage station, which share the same vacuum system. The cleaning of hydrocarbon contaminants on the specimen and storage of the specimens and holders can be achieved simultaneously in this apparatus. TEM imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of two treated specimens using the apparatus demonstrated that it could effectively remove hydrocarbon contaminants on the specimen. The holder storage station, used to preserve TEM holders in vacuum conditions, can also be modified as a specimen storage station by an appropriate design of the specimen storage platform, in which specimens are protected from water and contaminations. The designed apparatus not only robustly avoids damage to the ultrathin specimen and holders but also improves the working efficiency and reduces costs. These advantages could make our apparatus more appealing for the complement to the present commercial plasma cleaning and storage devices. HIGHLIGHTS: An apparatus for the pretreatment of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens and specimen holders with three functions-plasma cleaning, holder storage, and specimen storage-was designed and fabricated. Using this single apparatus, the cleaning of hydrocarbon contaminants on the specimen and storage of the specimens and holders can be achieved simultaneously. The designed apparatus can not only robustly avoid damage to the ultrathin specimen and holders but also improve the working efficiency and reduce costs by adopting a single vacuum system. These advantages could make our apparatus more appealing for the complement to the present commercial plasma cleaning and storage devices.

Developing and validating clinical features-based machine learning algorithms to predict influenza infection in influenza-like illness patients.

BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza poses a significant risk, and patients can benefit from early diagnosis and treatment. However, underdiagnosis and undertreatment remain widespread. We developed and compared clinical feature-based machine learning (ML) algorithms that can accurately predict influenza infection in emergency departments (EDs) among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in five EDs in the US and Taiwan from 2015 to 2020. Adult patients visiting the EDs with symptoms of ILI were recruited and tested by real-time RT-PCR for influenza. We evaluated seven ML algorithms and compared their results with previously developed clinical prediction models. RESULTS: Out of the 2189 enrolled patients, 1104 tested positive for influenza. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting achieved superior performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79-0.85), with a sensitivity of 0.92 (95% CI = 0.88-0.95), specificity of 0.89 (95% CI = 0.86-0.92), and accuracy of 0.72 (95% CI = 0.69-0.76) in the testing set over cut-offs of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.5, respectively. These results were superior to those of previously proposed clinical prediction models. The model interpretation revealed that body temperature, cough, rhinorrhea, and exposure history were positively associated with and the days of illness and influenza vaccine were negatively associated with influenza infection. We also found the week of the influenza season, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation to be associated with influenza infection. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical feature-based ML model outperformed conventional models for predicting influenza infection.

Corrigendum: Combination effect of three main constituents from Sarcandra glabra inhibits oxidative stress in the mice following acute lung injury: a role of MAPK-NF-κB pathway.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.580064.].

Coordinate Anchoring of Mixed Luminophores in Two Isostructural Hybrid Layers to Achieve Tunable Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

Room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have widespread applications in biological imaging, anticounterfeiting, and optoelectronic devices. Because of the predesignability of metal-organic complexes (MOCs), the RTP materials based on MOC systems have received huge attention from researchers. The coordinate anchoring of luminophores to enhance the rigidity of organic molecules and restrict the nonradiative transition offers opportunities for generating MOC materials with captivating RTP performance. Hitherto, most of the MOC-based RTP materials feature a single luminophore ligand. The development of new MOC systems with RTP functionality is still challenging. Herein, we use the mixed-ligand synthetic strategy to produce isostructural MOCs, [Zn(TIMB)(X2-TPA)]·H2O (1, X = Cl; 2, X = Br; TIMB = 1,3,5-tris(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene; H2-X2-TPA = 2,5-dichloroterephthalic and 2,5-dibromoterephthalic acid), and modulate the RTP properties of resultant products via the synergy of coordinate anchoring and substitution synthesis. 1 and 2 feature similar coordination layers composed of neutral TIMB and anionic X2-TPA2- ligands, which provide a good structural model to tune the RTP performances of final products via substitution synthesis. Different from the reported RTP materials based on MOC systems, our study provides a general way to build and modulate MOC-based RTP materials with the assistance of coordinate anchoring and substitution synthesis strategies.

Ecotourism Disturbance on an Endemic Endangered Primate in the Huangshan Man and the Biosphere Reserve of China: A Way to Move Forward.

The primary purpose of the Man and the Biosphere Program is the sustainable development of both the economy and nature conservation activities. Although the effectiveness of eco-tourism to reach this goal has been proposed, due to the lack of long-term monitoring data and a model species, there has been no obvious mechanism to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. This study explored the effectiveness of the sustainable development policy of HMBR based on 30 years data of monitoring the Tibetan macaque, local human population, visitors, and annual ecotourism income in Huangshan by estimating species habitat suitability and the impact of ecotourism. The results showed increases in the income for the local human population, the number of visitors, and annual eco-tourism. Simultaneously, the reserve's Tibetan macaque population size and suitable habitat areas increased. The macaques expanded their habitat to the low-altitude buffer zone (400-800 m), an area with lower eco-tourism disturbance. Scenic spots had a significant negative impact on habitat suitability (the substantially increased contributions of scenic spots from 0.71% to 32.88%). Our results and methods provide a suitable evaluation framework for monitoring the sustainable development and effectiveness of eco-tourism and wildlife conservation in Man and the Biosphere reserves.