The Study of Immersive Physiology Courses Based on Intelligent Network through Virtual Reality Technology in the Context of 5G.

The current boom in Internet technology has paved the way for the research and evolution of various technologies related to it. One such technology is immersive virtual reality (IVR). Immersive technology is referred to as creating a reality-like experience by combining the physical world with digital reality. There are two main types of immersive technologies. Immersion in virtual reality is the perception of being physically present in an artificially created world. Perception is artificially created by images, videos, sounds, or other stimuli with the help of a virtual reality (VR) system that the user is connected to. VR uses rendered computer-generated simulations and results in a complete sense of immersion. Immersive virtual reality (immersive VR) refers to engaging users in an artificial environment that replaces their natural surroundings and fully engages them with the artificially created environment. In this research, we will research immersive physiology courses based on artificial intelligence combined with wireless network VR technology in the context of 5G. The teaching methodology has been kept up-to-date along with the technology. Teaching physiology courses also incorporate new technologies like immersive technologies. The use of technology in anatomy and physiology courses allows students to view structures and physiological concepts in a realistic environment. Virtual dissection in 3D is available with a life-like artificial environment. Students can attend the classes with VR headsets, laptops, or smartphones to experience immersive and interactive 3D classes. This advanced technology enhances and empowers the students to learn from real-life situations like those available in the classes. In this research, CNN with AI is proposed for effective learning of physiology courses. This algorithm is compared with the existing NNGA, KNN, and Random Forest, and it is observed that the proposed model has obtained an accuracy of 99%.

Formation of magnetic nanowire arrays by cooperative lateral growth.

Nanowires typically grow along their longitudinal axis, and the long-range order among wires sustains only when a template exists. Here, we report an unprecedented electrochemical growth of ordered metallic nanowire arrays from an ultrathin electrolyte layer, which is achieved by solidifying the electrolyte solution below the freezing temperature. The thickness of the electrodeposit is instantaneously tunable by the applied electric pulses, leading to parallel ridges on webbed film without using any template. An array of metallic nanowires with desired separation and width determined by the applied pulses is formed on the substrate with arbitrary surface patterns by etching away the webbed film thereafter. This work demonstrates a previously unrecognized fabrication strategy that bridges the gap of top-down lithography and bottom-up self-organization in making ordered metallic nanowire arrays over a large area with low cost.

Anatomic relationship between S2 sacroiliac screws' entry points and pelvic external branches of superior gluteal artery.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the pelvic external branches of the superior gluteal artery and the entry area of the S2 sacroiliac screw to provide the anatomical basis and technical reference for avoiding the superior gluteal artery injury during the clinical screw placement. METHODS: CTA imaging of superior gluteal artery of 74 healthy adults (37 males and 37 females) was randomly selected. The safe bony entry area ('safe area' for abbreviation) of S2 sacroiliac screw in the standard lateral view of the pelvis three-dimensional reconstruction CT image was determined by the CT auxiliary measurement software. The relationship between the pelvic external branches of the superior gluteal artery and the safe area of S2 sacroiliac screw was observed, and the cases in which the artery intersected the safe area were counted. The distance between the safe area and the superior gluteal artery branches closest to it was measured for the cases in which the artery and the safe area did not intersect. RESULTS: 21 of the 74 cases did not have a bone channel of horizontal S2 sacroiliac screw, so they were excluded from this study. In the remaining 53 cases, 12 cases had the deep superior branch of the superior gluteal artery through the safe area of S2 screw (22.6%), and 16 cases had the superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery through the safe area of S2 screw (30.2%). There was no obvious overlap feature and law between the safe area and the superficial and deep superior branches. In 20 cases of the 53 cases, the safe area of S2 screw was located between the deep superior branch and the superficial branch of superior gluteal artery (37.7%), and in 5 cases, the safe area of S2 screw was located behind the superficial branch of superior gluteal artery (9.4%). In the cases where the superior gluteal artery did not intersect the screw entry bony safe area, the part of superior gluteal artery closest to the safe area was located in front or back of the widest part of the safe area. CONCLUSION: The risk of accidental injury of the deep superior branch and superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery is high during the process of S2 sacroiliac screw placement. Even if the screw entry point is located in the bony safe area, the absolute safety of screw placement cannot be guaranteed. We strongly suggest that a careful and thorough plan is needed before surgery.

Application of the Deep Learning Algorithm and Similarity Calculation Model in Optimization of Personalized Online Teaching System of English Course.

This study provides an in-depth study and analysis of English course recommendation techniques through a combination of bee colony algorithm and neural network algorithm. In this study, the acquired text is trained with a document vector by a deep learning model and combined with a collaborative filtering method to recommend suitable courses for users. Based on the analysis of the current research status and development of the technology related to course resource recommendation, the deep learning technology is applied to the course resource recommendation based on the current problems of sparse data and low accuracy of the course recommendation. For the problem that the importance of learning resources to users changes with time, this study proposes to fuse the time information into the neural collaborative filtering algorithm through the clustering classification algorithm and proposes a deep learning-based course resource recommendation algorithm to better recommend the course that users want to learn at this stage promptly. Secondly, the course cosine similarity calculation model is improved for the course recommendation algorithm. Considering the impact of the number of times users rate courses and the time interval between users rating different courses on the course similarity calculation, the contribution of active users to the cosine similarity is reduced and a time decay penalty is given to users rating courses at different periods. By improving the hybrid recommendation algorithm and similarity calculation model, the error value, recall, and accuracy of course recommendation results outperform other algorithmic models. The requirements analysis identifies the personalized online teaching system with rural primary and secondary school students as the main service target and then designs the overall architecture and functional modules of the recommendation system and the database table structure to implement the user registration, login, and personal center functional modules, course publishing, popular recommendation, personalized recommendation, Q&A, and rating functional modules.

The measurement of dorsal radial tilt by x-ray and computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to define and measure the dorsal radial tilt, and to guide the reduction of distal radius fractures and the pre-bending of steel plates used in surgery. METHODS: The dorsal radial tilt was measured using both computed tomography (CT) and x-ray from both left and right side. The differences and correlations of the data measured by those two methods and from two sides were analyzed. RESULTS: The tilts measured by x-ray were significantly bigger than those measured by CT from the left side (t=55.51, p < 0.01) and from the right side (t=49.81, p < 0.01). The tilts measured by those two methods from the left and right sides were correlated (r=0.85, p < 0.01; r=0.81, p < 0.01). The dorsal radial tilts measured from the left side were not significantly different from those measured from the right side by CT (t=1.49, p > 0.05) and by x-ray (t=1.51, p > 0.05). The dorsal radial tilts measured from the left side by CT were significantly different from those measured from the right side by x-ray (t=43.07, p < 0.01), and these two sets of data were correlated (r=0.71, p < 0.01). The dorsal radial tilts measured from the left side by x-ray was significantly different from that measured from right side by CT (t=40.43, p < 0.01), and those two sets of data were also correlated (r=0.75, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The dorsal radial tilts measured from one side by one method can be used to estimate the tilts measured from the other side / the same side by the same method / the other method.

The measurement of dorsal radial tilt by x-ray and computed tomography

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to define and measure the dorsal radial tilt, and to guide the reduction of distal radius fractures and the pre-bending of steel plates used in surgery. METHODS: The dorsal radial tilt was measured using both computed tomography (CT) and x-ray from both left and right side. The differences and correlations of the data measured by those two methods and from two sides were analyzed. RESULTS: The tilts measured by x-ray were significantly bigger than those measured by CT from the left side (t=55.51, p < 0.01) and from the right side (t=49.81, p < 0.01). The tilts measured by those two methods from the left and right sides were correlated (r=0.85, p < 0.01; r=0.81, p < 0.01). The dorsal radial tilts measured from the left side were not significantly different from those measured from the right side by CT (t=1.49, p > 0.05) and by x-ray (t=1.51, p > 0.05). The dorsal radial tilts measured from the left side by CT were significantly different from those measured from the right side by x-ray (t=43.07, p < 0.01), and these two sets of data were correlated (r=0.71, p < 0.01). The dorsal radial tilts measured from the left side by x-ray was significantly different from that measured from right side by CT (t=40.43, p < 0.01), and those two sets of data were also correlated (r=0.75, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The dorsal radial tilts measured from one side by one method can be used to estimate the tilts measured from the other side / the same side by the same method / the other method.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Realizamos este estudo para definir e medir a inclinação radial dorsal, e para orientar a redução das fraturas do raio distal e a pré-flexão das chapas de aço utilizadas na cirurgia. MÉTODOS: A inclinação radial dorsal foi medida usando tomografia computadorizada (TC) e raios X dos lados esquerdo e direito. As diferenças e correlações dos dados medidos por esses dois métodos e de dois lados foram analisadas. RESULTADOS: As inclinações medidas por raios X foram significativamente maiores que as medidas pela TC do lado esquerdo (t=55,51, p<0,01) e do lado direito (t=49,81, p<0,01). As inclinações medidas por esses dois métodos dos lados esquerdo e direito foram correlacionadas (r=0,85, p<0,01; r=0,81, p<0,01). As inclinações radiais dorsais medidas a partir do lado esquerdo não foram significativamente diferentes das medidas do lado direito por CT (t=1,49, p>0,05) e por raios X (t=1,51, p>0,05). As inclinações radiais dorsais medidas a partir do lado esquerdo por TC foram significativamente diferentes das medidas a partir do lado direito por raios X (t=43,07, p<0,01), e esses dois conjuntos de dados foram correlacionados (r=0,71, p<0,01). As inclinações radiais dorsais medidas a partir do lado esquerdo por raios X foram significativamente diferentes das medidas do lado direito por CT (t=40,43, p<0,01), e esses dois conjuntos de dados também foram correlacionados (r=0,75, p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: As inclinações radiais dorsais medidas de um lado por um método podem ser usadas para estimar as inclinações medidas do outro lado/o mesmo lado pelo mesmo método/o outro método.

Anatomical relation between S1 sacroiliac screws' entrance points and superior gluteal artery.

BACKGROUND: To conduct radiologic anatomical study on the relation between S1 sacroiliac screws' entry points and the route of the pelvic outer superior gluteal artery branches with the aim to provide the anatomical basis and technical reference for the avoidance of damage to the superior gluteal artery during the horizontal sacroiliac screw placement. METHODS: Superior gluteal artery CTA (CT angiography) vascular imaging of 74 healthy adults (37 women and 37 men) was done with 128-slice spiral CT (computed tomography). The CT attendant-measuring software was used to portray the "safe bony entrance area" (hereinafter referred to as "Safe Area") of the S1 segment in the standard lateral pelvic view of three-dimensional reconstruction. The anatomical relation between S1 sacroiliac screws' Safe Area and the pelvic outer superior gluteal artery branches was observed and recorded. The number of cases in which artery branches intersected the Safe Area was counted. The cases in which superior gluteal artery branches disjointed from the Safe Area were identified, and the shortest distance between the Safe Area and the superior gluteal artery branch closest to the Safe Area was measured. RESULTS: Three cases out of the 74 sample cases were excluded from this study as they were found to have no bony space for horizontal screw placement in S1 segment. Among the remaining 71 sample cases, there are 32 cases (45.1%) where the deep superior branch of superior gluteal artery passes through the Safe Area of S1 entrance point. There was no distinguishing feature and rule on how the deep superior branches and the Safe Area overlapped. In the 39 cases in which superior gluteal artery branches disjointed from the Safe Area, the deep superior branches of superior gluteal artery were the branches closest to the Safe Area and the part of the branch closest to the Safe Area was located in front of the widest part of the Safe Area. The shortest distance between the deep superior branch and the Safe Area is 0.86 ± 0.84 cm. CONCLUSION: There is a high risk of accidental injury of the deep superior branches of superior gluteal artery in the process of S1 sacroiliac screw placement. Even if the entry points are located in the safe bony entrance area, the absolute secure placement cannot be assured. We suggest that great attention should be paid to make thorough preoperative plans.

Construction of 3D Metallic Nanostructures on an Arbitrarily Shaped Substrate.

Constructing conductive/magnetic nanowire arrays with 3D features by electrodeposition remains challenging. An unprecedented fabrication approach that allows to construct metallic (cobalt) nanowires on an arbitrarily shaped surface is reported. The spatial separation of nanowires varies from 70 to 3000 nm and the line width changes from 50 to 250 nm depending on growth conditions.

Universal method for the determination of nonionic surfactant content in the presence of protein.

A new analytical method has been developed for the quantitative determination of ethylene glycol-containing nonionic surfactants, such as polyethylene glycol 8000, polysorbate 80, and Pluronic F-68. These surfactants are commonly used in pharmaceutical protein preparations, thus, testing in the presence of protein is required. This method is based on the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of ethylene glycol diacetate formed by hydrolysis and acetylation of surfactants that contain ethylene glycol. Protein samples containing free surfactants were hydrolyzed and acetylated with acetic anhydride in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid. Acetylated ethylene glycol was extracted with dichloromethane and analyzed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector. The amount of nonionic surfactant in the sample was determined by comparing the released ethylene glycol diacetate signal to that measured from calibration standards. The limits of quantitation of the method were 5.0 µg/mL for polyethylene glycol 8000 and Pluronic F-68, and 50 µg/mL for polysorbate 80. This method can be applied to determine the polyethylene glycol content in PEGylated proteins or the final concentration of polysorbate 80 in a protein drug in a quality control environment.

[Efficacies of percutaneous multiple needle puncturing for releasing hip adductor muscle during total hip arthroplasty].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize our experiences of applying percutaneous multiple needle puncturing technique for releasing adductor muscle during total hip arthroplasty (THA) for ischemic necrosis of femoral head and provide rationales for clinical practice. METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2012, 36 adult patients with ischemic necrosis of femoral head (36 hips) and 36 adult patients with femoral neck fracture (36 hips) were recruited. The group of ischemic necrosis of femoral head was designated as experiment group in which there were 29 males and 7 females with an average age of 67.9 (60-78) years. According to the Ficat system, there were type III (n = 24) and type IV (n = 12) . The affected leg shortening of this group prior to surgery was over 2 cm. The group of femoral neck fracture was selected as control group in which there were 16 males and 20 females with an average age of 70.1 (60-82) years. According to the Garden system, there were type III (n = 16) and type IV (n = 20). All cases underwent THA with Press-fit prosthesis. After fixing prosthetic components, leg length discrepancy was corrected. And percutaneous multiple needle puncturing was applied for releasing adductor muscle in experiment group. The follow-up period was 2 years. The safety and efficiency were evaluated by HHS (Harris Hip Score) and the range of motion (ROM) of hip extorsion and abduction. RESULTS: There was no occurrence of such early complications as palsy of obturator nerve, hematoma in adductor muscle area or serious deep vein embolism.No serious complications of deep infection, femoral head dislocation, recurrent adductor muscle contracture, prosthesis loosening, subsidence, excursion or penetration occurred up until the final follow-up. The range of hip motion of extorsion and abduction: (1) in experimental group, the postoperative ROM (abduction:44.9 ± 0.8, extorsion:45.1 ± 0.9) was significantly larger than that of preoperative (abduction: 30.0 ± 4.6, extorsion:31.5 ± 4.6) ; (2) the postoperative ROM of experimental group had no significant changes until the final follow-up (abduction: 44.7 ± 0.9, extorsion:45.25 ± 0.81); (3) at the last time of follow-up, no significant inter-group difference existed in ROM (abduction:44.86 ± 0.68, extorsion:45.6 ± 0.8). HHS: (1) in experimental group, HHS increased significantly from 39.64 ± 3.93 preoperatively to 82.8 ± 3.6 at 3 months postoperatively; (2) in two groups, HHS of 2 years postoperation (experimental group: 88.6 ± 4.1, control group: 89.1 ± 4.0) was significantly larger than that of 3 months postoperation (experimental group: 82.8 ± 3.6, control group:83.1 ± 3.1); (3) at the time of 3 months and 2 years postoperation, no significant inter-group difference existed in HHS. CONCLUSION: The technique percutaneous multiple needle puncturing for releasing adductor muscle during THA for ischemic necrosis of femoral head is both safe and efficacious. And it solves the problems of soft tissue balancing mini-invasiveness.

Respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein expressed in insect cells form protein nanoparticles that induce protective immunity in cotton rats.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important viral agent causing severe respiratory tract disease in infants and children as well as in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. The lack of a safe and effective RSV vaccine represents a major unmet medical need. RSV fusion (F) surface glycoprotein was modified and cloned into a baculovirus vector for efficient expression in Sf9 insect cells. Recombinant RSV F was glycosylated and cleaved into covalently linked F2 and F1 polypeptides that formed homotrimers. RSV F extracted and purified from insect cell membranes assembled into 40 nm protein nanoparticles composed of multiple RSV F oligomers arranged in the form of rosettes. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of purified RSV F nanoparticles was compared to live and formalin inactivated RSV in cotton rats. Immunized animals induced neutralizing serum antibodies, inhibited virus replication in the lungs, and had no signs of disease enhancement in the respiratory track of challenged animals. RSV F nanoparticles also induced IgG competitive for binding of palivizumab neutralizing monoclonal antibody to RSV F antigenic site II. Antibodies to this epitope are known to protect against RSV when passively administered in high risk infants. Together these data provide a rational for continued development a recombinant RSV F nanoparticle vaccine candidate.

Tris(2-hydroxy-ethyl)ammonium 1,3-benzo-thia-zole-2-thiol-ate.

In the title compound, C(6)H(16)NO(3) (+)·C(7)H(4)NS(2) (-), the cations and anions are connected by O-H⋯N and O-H⋯S hydrogen bonding. Weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between adjacent cations helps to stabilize the crystal structure.