[Differences in biochemical indexes and AIDS-related complications at baseline in HIV- infected patients with different levels of immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy].

Objective: To observe the differences in biochemical indexes and AIDS-related complications at baseline in HIV-infected patients with different levels of immune reconstitution to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: The subjects were treat-naïve adult HIV-infected patients who were followed up for more than 24 months in the Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital affiliated infection clinic at Guangzhou Medical University from January 2010 to December 2017. CD4+ T lymphocyte count at baseline at <200, 200-350, and >350 cells/µl levels were divided into poor, partial, and good immune reconstitution groups. The Kruskal-Wallis H and chi-square tests were used to analyze the differences in baseline sociodemographic characteristics, biochemical indexes, and AIDS-related complications among different groups. The SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the 3 900 HIV-infected individuals, 385 cases (9.9%), 1 206 cases (30.9%), and 2 309 cases (59.2%) were grouped into poor, partial and good immune reconstitution groups, respectively. The baseline biochemical indexes of leukocyte, platelet, hemoglobin, TG, TC, FPG, AST, ALT and total bilirubin in the poor immune reconstitution group were significantly different from those in the good immune reconstitution group (all P<0.05). The proportion of AIDS-related complications at baseline in the poor immune reconstitution group, such as tuberculosis, pneumocystis yeli pneumonia, disseminated mycosis, esophageal candidiasis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, dermatitis, oral candidiasis, oral mucous leukoplakia, continuous diarrhea for more than 1 month and continuous or intermittent fever for more than 1 month, was significantly higher than that in the good immune reconstitution group (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The biochemical indexes and AIDS-related complications in HIV-infected patients with different levels of immune reconstitution were significantly different at baseline. Attention should be paid to monitoring abnormal biomedical indicators and AIDS-related complications at baseline.

[The influence of HBsAg expression in liver tissue on the postoperative recurrence of HCC patients].

Objective: To investigate the influence of HBsAg expression in peritumoral tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients on their postoperative recurrence. Methods: The HCC patients treated in Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from October 2009 to August 2010 were selected. The clinicopathological data and adjacent tissues of 718 patients were collected, and dextran polymer immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of HBsAg in adjacent tissues. According to the expression of HBsAg in adjacent tissues, the tissues were divided into HBsAg positive group and HBsAg negative group. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: Among the 718 patients in the whole group, 153 were HBsAg negative and 565 were HBsAg positive. There was a statistically significant difference in serum HBV DNA level between HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative patients (P<0.001). The number of patients with serum DNA≥2 000 IU/ml and<2 000 IU/ml in HBsAg negative group were 52 and 93, while the patients in HBsAg positive group were 325 and 205. The cumulative recurrence rates of all patients at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery were 30.2%, 54.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. The expression of HBsAg was related to the recurrence (P=0.038). Multivariate analysis showed that γ-GT, PT, multiple tumors, tumor length, and portal vein invasion were independent risk factors for recurrence of HCC (P<0.05). In HBeAg-negative patients with low viral load (HBV DNA <2 000 IU/ml) and without cirrhosis, the recurrence rates of HBsAg-positive patients were 14.3% and 31.0% at 3 and 5 years, respectively, compared with HBsAg negative patients (all 0), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). Conclusion: The positive expression of HBsAg in peritumoral tissue increases the postoperative recurrence risk of HCC patients.

[Clinicopathological features of very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of very well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (VWDA) of the stomach. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 12 cases of VWDA of the stomach were collected retrospectively at the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 989 Hospital (formerly 152 Hospital), Pingdingshan, China, from January 2013 to May 2021. The histological characteristics and immunophenotypes were observed and analyzed with review of current literature. Results: There were 8 males and 4 females with a median age of 63 years (range 47 to 80 years). The tumor involved in the upper part of the stomach in 6 cases, the middle part in 2 cases, and the lower part in 4 cases. The median diameter of the tumors was 17 mm (range 5-65 mm). The tumor cells were similar to absorbent cells, Paneth cells, foveolar epithelial cells, and goblet cells. The cells were arranged in a single layer, and the nuclei were slightly enlarged and located at the base. The nuclei were fusiform to slightly irregular, with loss of nuclear polarity. Early tubular VWDA was found in 9 cases, and the tumor glands were similar to intestinal metaplasia. In two cases the tumors infiltrated into the submucosa. The lesions in the mucosa and submucosa showed the glands with cystic expansion, bending, branching, spiky and abortive growth pattern. One case of early papillary tubular VWDA was confined to the mucosal layer and composed of foveolar-type epithelial cells. There were two cases of advanced papillary tubular VWDA, which consisted of foveolar-type epithelial, pyloric glands, or mucinous neck cells and were associated with intra-lymphatic cancer embolus and lymph node metastases. Background mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were observed in all cases. Immunohistochemical staining showed intestinal type VWDA in 1 case, mixed gastrointestinal type VWDA in 9 cases, and gastric type VWDA in 2 cases. The Ki-67 proliferation index of 8 cases limited to the mucosa was 40%-70%, 2 cases of infiltration into the submucosa and 2 cases of advanced carcinoma was 10%-25%. All the tumors showed a wild type of p53 protein expression pattern and negative HER2. Adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia was diagnosed on preoperative biopsy in 5 cases, and chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia in 7 cases. The median follow-up time was 28 months (range 12-72 months). No recurrence was found in the 10 patients with early cancer. Of the two patients with advanced carcinoma, one patient had lung metastases and the other died. Conclusions: Gastric VWDA is a rare low-grade malignancy with structural features of highly differentiated adenocarcinoma and extremely low cytological atypia. The diagnostic value of structural abnormality is significantly greater than cytological atypia. The invasive growth of irregular glands in the deep mucosa and submucosa is reliable evidence for diagnosis. The diagnosis of intramucosal VWDA is challenging and very difficult in some biopsy specimens.

[Analysis on characteristics of HIV-1 molecular network in injected drug users in Guangzhou, 2008-2017].

Objective: To understand the characteristics of the HIV-1 molecular networks in injected drug users (IDUs) in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2017, and provide reference for the prevention and control of AIDS in this population. Methods: The serum samples of newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive IDUs in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2017 were collected, HIV-1 RNA was extracted for pol gene amplification and sequencing. The molecular cluster in the phylogenetic tree was identified by Cluster Picker 1.2.3 for cluster analysis. TN93 model in HyPhy2.2.4 was used to calculate the gene distance between the cluster sequences. Software Cytoscape3.8.2 was used to visualize the molecular network, and χ2 test or exact probability method was used for cluster analysis and centrality analysis. Results: A total of 586 sequences were successfully amplified (73.9%, 586/793), and 80 molecular clusters were produced, with a clustering rate of 46.6% (273/586). In molecular clusters, the proportions of the strains from IDUs in Han ethnic group (48.4%, 260/537), IDUs who were local residents in Guangdong (52.7%, 146/277) and IDUs whose strain sequence subtype was CRF55_01B (93.3%, 14/15) were higher. In the molecular network, the degree range was 1-7, and nodes with degree ≥3 accounted for 12.8% (24/187), which was associated with another 81 nodes in the molecular network (43.3%, 81/187). The centrality analysis showed that the proportions of housework/unemployed with high degree centrality (19.0%, 19/100), high intermediary (22.0%, 22/100), and high proximity centrality (32.0%, 32/100) were higher in IDUs infected with HIV-1. Conclusion: The risk of HIV-1 clustering in IDUs in Guangzhou was high, suggesting that IDUs who were from both Guangdong and Guangxi and were house workers or unemployed should be viewed as the key targets, and precise intervention should be implemented to reduce the HIV-1 infection rate in this population.

[Epidemiological investigation and analysis of etiological characteristics of infection on 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and etiological distribution of infection on 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns, and explore the prevention and treatment strategy of pediatric burns. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. An analysis was performed on the data of 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from January 2012 to December 2020, including gender, age, causative factors, locations and severities of burns, seasons of accidents, and the type, source of tissue or body fluid, and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. API bacterial identification batten and automatic microbial identification system were applied for pathogen identification. Drug sensitivities of top 3 consistent ratio pathogen identifed were tested with minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion method. WHONET 5.6 software was applied to analyze the data. Results: There were 3 067 hospitalized pediatric patients with burns, including 1 768 boys and 1 299 girls. The majority of pediatric burn patients were >1 and ≤4 years, accounting for 72.9% (2 236/3 067), and the minority of pediatric burn patients were >8 and ≤12 years, accounting for 4.9% (150/3 067). Moderate burns and severe burns of pediatric burn patients accounted for the majority parts, and the proportions of the two were close. The top cause of pediatric burns was scald, accounting for 81.6% (2504/3 067). Extremities were the most common burn sites in that of entire 3 254. The most pediatric burns occurred in winter, accounting for 29.4% (903/3 067). A total of 1 018 strains of pathogenic bacteria were collected from pediatric burn patients, all of which were non-repeated isolates. The pathogens with top five consistent ratio were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli, among which Staphylococcus aureus ranked the first every year. The pathogens were mainly isolated from the wound exudate, accounting for 81.34% (828/1 018). Staphylococcus aureus from 2012 to 2020 showed no resistance to vancomycin, linezolid or teicoplanin while Staphylococcus aureus isolated in 2019 was 100% resistant to macrolides, penicillin, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not resistant to polymyxin B. Acinetobacter baumannii showed a high rate of drug resistance to most antibiotics. Conclusions: Among the pediatric burn patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) from 2012 to 2020, the majority are male children aged >1 and ≤4 years with moderate burns. Scalds are the leading cause; and extremities are the common burn sites; and the most pediatric burns occurre in winter. Staphylococcus aureus from wound exudate is the primary pathogen of burn wound infections in pediatric patients.

[Enodvascular treatment of isolated abdominal aortic dissection].

Objective: To examine the outcome of endovascular treatment in patients of isolated abdominal aortic dissection. Methods: From February 2012 to June 2020, 61 patients (44 males, 17 females) with an age of (60.2±11.4) years (range: 43 to 87 years) of isolated abdominal aortic dissection who underwent the endovascular treatment, including bifurcated and straight aortic stent graft, in the Department of Vascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were enrolled. There were 47 patients treated with bifurcated aortic stent grafts and 14 patients with straight aortic stent grafts. Patient demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, perioperative data were collected. Clinical follow-up data, including mortality, relative complications and aortic remodeling, were obtained. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test was used to calculate and compare the rates of survival and freedom from all adverse events. Results: The operative time was (142.4±47.9) minutes (range:70 to 310 minutes) and (95.7±23.7) minutes (range: 70 to 150 minutes) in bifurcated stent group and straight stent group, respectively. The perioperative mortality was 0. One patient had partial occlusion of the left renal artery, and 3 patients had type Ⅰa endoleak post-operation. The follow-up period was (37.1±22.1) months (range: 3 to 91 months). Three patents suffered from type B aortic dissection; one of them progressed into type A aortic dissection and died, another one was treated with secondary endovascular operation, and the remaining one was treated conservatively. One patient had type A aortic dissection and was treated conservatively for 57 months without any discomfort. Stent grafts in iliac artery occlusion happened in 2 patients treated with a bifurcated graft, one of them was treated with a secondary operation because of severe symptom. Aortic remodeling was well with the treatment of bifurcated and straight grafts. There was no difference in the cumulative survival (P=0.584) and freedom from all adverse events (P=0.309) between the two different endovascular treatment strategies. Conclusion: Endovascular aortic repair is an effective and safe treatment strategy for isolated abdominal aortic dissection with reliable mid-term result and excellent aortic remodeling.

[Efficacy and safety of Changsulin® compared with Lantus® in type 2 diabetes: a phase â ¢ multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel, controlled clinical trial].

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Changsulin® with Lantus® in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This was a phase Ⅲ, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, active-controlled clinical trial. A total of 578 participants with T2DM inadequately controlled on oral hypoglycemic agents were randomized 3∶1 to Changsulin® or Lantus® treatment for 24 weeks. The efficacy measures included changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG), 8-point self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) profiles from baseline, and proportions of subjects achieving targets of HbA1c and FPG. The safety outcomes included rates of hypoglycemia, adverse events (AEs) and anti-insulin glargine antibody. Results: After 24 weeks of treatment, mean HbAlc decreased 1.16% and 1.25%, FPG decreased 3.05 mmol/L and 2.90 mmol/L, 2hPG decreased 2.49 mmol/L and 2.38 mmol/L in Changsulin® and in Lantus®, respectively. No significant differences could be viewed in above parameters between the two groups (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences between Changsulin® and Lantus® in 8-point SMBG profiles from baseline and proportions of subjects achieving the targets of HbA1c and FPG (all P>0.05). The rates of total hypoglycemia (38.00% and 39.01% for Changsulin® and Lantus®, respectively) and nocturnal hypoglycemia (17.25% and 16.31% for Changsulin® and Lantus®, respectively) were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Most of the hypoglycemia events were asymptomatic, and no severe hypoglycemia were found in both groups. No differences were observed in rates of AEs (61.77% vs.52.48%) and anti-insulin glargine antibody (after 24 weeks of treatment, 6.91% vs.3.65%) between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Changsulin® shows similar efficacy and safety profiles compared with Lantus® and Changsulin® treatment was well tolerated in patients with T2DM.

Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Foamed Concrete.

The mechanical characterization of plain foamed concrete (PFC) and fiber-reinforced foamed concrete (FRFC) with a density of 700 kg/m3 was performed with compression and tension tests. FRFC was reinforced with the natural fiber henequen (untreated or alkaline-treated) at volume fractions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Polypropylene fiber reinforcement was also used as a reference. For all FRFCs, the inclusion of the fibers enhanced the compressive and tensile strengths and plastic behavior, which was attributed to the increase of specimen integrity. Under compressive loading, after the peak strength, there was no considerable loss in strength and a plateau-like regime was observed. Under tensile loading, the fibers significantly increased the tensile strength of the FRFCs and prevented a sudden failure of the specimens, which was in contrast to the brittle behavior of the PFC. The tensile behavior enhancement was higher when treated henequen fibers were used, which was attributed to the increase in the fiber-matrix bond produced by the alkaline treatment. The microscopic characterization showed that the inclusion of fibers did not modify the air-void size and its distribution. Higher energy absorption was observed for FRFCs when compared to the PFC, which was attributed to the enhanced toughness and ductility by the fibers. The results presented herein warrant further research of FRFC with natural henequen fibers for engineering applications.

Development of a blocking immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for differentiation between pseudorabies virus-infected and vaccinated animalss.

Pseudorabies (PR) outbreaks have devastated many swine farms in several parts of China since late 2011. The outbreak-associated pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant strains exhibited some typical amino acid changes in glycoprotein E (gE), a diagnostic antigen used for discriminating between PRV-infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). To counteract the potential impact of epitope variations on current serological diagnostics of PRV, we produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against gE protein of one representative PRV variant strain and developed a blocking immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (b-IPMA) for DIVA. The b-IPMA was based on the inhibition of binding between PRV-infected cells and mAb by PRV-specific antibodies present in clinical swine sera and was validated by comparison with a commercial PRV gpI Antibody Test Kit (IDEXX Laboratories, USA). The diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity and agreement were determined to be 99.25%, 98.18% and 99.02% respectively upon testing 509 serum samples. b-IPMA detected only PRV-specific antibodies and showed no cross- -reactivity with antibodies elicited by gE-deleted vaccine or other common swine pathogens. Thus, b-IPMA has the potential to be used for high-throughput screening of PRV-infected animals in veterinary clinics.

[Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naive injecting drug users infected with HIV-1 in Guangzhou, 2008-2015].

Objective: To understand the prevalence of drug resistance in treatment-naive injecting drug users (IDUs) infected with HIV-1 in Guangzhou. Methods: HIV-1 RNA were extracted from the serum specimens of the newly confirmed HIV-1 positive IDUs living in Guangzhou, being infected through injecting drug use and receiving no antiretroviral therapy at the time of confirmation during 2008-2015. Full sequence of pol protease (PR) gene and partial sequence of reverse transcriptase (RT) gene were amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) and sequenced. After that, data were submitted to the HIV resistance database of Stanford University for drug resistance analysis. Results: Among the 518 HIV-1 infected IDUs, HIV-1pol gene segments were successfully obtained from the serum samples of 407 HIV-1 infected IDUs (78.57%) aged 18-64 (37.44±8.14) years. Among them, males accounted for 89.68% (365/407), those of Han ethnic group accounted for 89.93% (366/407), the unmarried accounted for 55.28% (225/407), and those with education level of junior high school or below accounted for 83.78% (341/407). The distribution of subtypes was predominated by CRF07_BC (47.18%, 192/407), followed by CRF01_AE (23.83%, 97/407), CRF08_BC (22.85%, 93/407), and other subtypes (6.14%, 25/407). The overall prevalence of drug resistance was 3.44% (14/407). The prevalence of drug resistance to protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were 1.47%(6/407), 0.25% (1/407) and 1.72% (7/407) respectively. The mutation rate was 12.29% (50/407). No major drug resistance mutation was detected in protease and nucleoside reverse transcriptase regions. Higher rate of V179E mutation in the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase region was detected in other subtypes and subtype CRF07_BC. Mutation seemed to have occurred in all 8 cases of subtype CRF55_01B in other subtypes. The highest mutation rate of E138A was detected in subtype CRF08_BC (3.23%). Two cases were resistant to all four drugs of NNRTIs. Conclusions: The prevalence of drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV-1 positive IDUs remained at a relatively low level during 2008-2015, in Guangzhou. Most infections were sensitive to existing antiviral drugs. However, drug resistance surveillance in IDUs infected with HIV should be strengthened to prevent the prevalence of multi-drug resistance and cross drug resistance.

[Respiratory virus infections and inflammatory cytokines in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of respiratory viral infections, and correlation between inflammatory cytokines and respiratory virus infections in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A prospective cohort of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD was enrolled. The sputum of all patients were collected, and 15 respiratory viruses were detected using multi-channel real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The clinical characteristics associated with viral infections were analyzed. The peripheral blood of the patients was collected and cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, IP-10, sIL-2R, IFN-γ, TNF-α in the serum were detected by ELISA. Association of these cytokines with respiratory viral infections was evaluated and a discriminant model was established. Results: A total of 99 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four cases (34.3%, 34/99) were positive for viral detection. Among them, the positive rate of influenza A virus was the highest (38.2%, 13/34), followed by rhinovirus (35.3%, 12/34). Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that, fever, COPD assessment test (CAT) score in stable stage, serum IP-10 and TNF-α levels were correlated with respiratory viral infections in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. The levels of serum IP-10 and sIL-2R increased significantly in patients with influenza A virus. Conclusions: Respiratory viral infections were common in acute exacerbations of COPD. Influenza A virus and rhinovirus were the two most common viruses. Fever was a common symptom. Patients with severe respiratory symptoms at stable stage were susceptible to viral infection. Viral infection was associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory levels, most significantly in influenza virus infection. A discriminant model composed of fever, CAT score in stable stage, serum IP-10 and TNF-α levels can be used to predict respiratory viral infections in acute exacerbations of COPD.

[The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine in insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes: results of a Chinese cohort from a multinational randomized controlled trial].

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of insulin degludec (IDeg) with those of insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: This was a 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, treat-to-target trial in 560 Chinese subjects with T2DM (men/women: 274/263, mean age 56 years, mean diabetes duration 7 years) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Subjects were randomized 2∶1 to once-daily IDeg (373 subjects) or IGlar(187 subjects), both in combination with metformin. The primary endpoint was changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) after 26 weeks. Results: Mean HbA1c decreased from 8.2% in both groups to 6.9% in IDeg and 7.0% in IGlar, respectively. Estimated treatment difference (ETD) of IDeg-IGlar in change from baseline was -0.10% points (95%CI-0.25-0.05). The proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c<7.0% was 56.3%and 49.7% with IDeg and IGlar, respectively [estimated odds ratio of IDeg/IGlar: 1.26(95%CI 0.88-1.82)]. Numerically lower rateof overall confirmed hypoglycaemia and statistically significantly lower nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia were associated with IDeg compared with IGlar, respectively [estimated rateratio of IDeg/IGlar 0.69(95%CI 0.46-1.03), and 0.43(95%CI 0.19-0.97)]. No differences in other safety parameters were found between the two groups. Conclusions: IDeg was non-inferior to IGlar in terms of glycaemic control, and was associated with a statistically significantly lower rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia. IDeg is considered to be suitable for initiating insulin therapy in Chinese T2DM patients on OADs requiring intensified treatment. Clinical trail registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01849289.

Clinical study of the correlation between complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) of the liver-kidney yin-deficiency type and complement factor H (CFH) polymorphism, and to determine whether the C allele of the T1277C (Y402H) variant is a risk factor for this condition. We performed a case-control investigation of 60 patients with liver-kidney yin-deficiency AMD and 60 normal control subjects. Peripheral blood was collected from each participant for DNA extraction. Following amplification by polymerase chain reaction, the DNA samples were sequenced, and polymorphism of the CFH gene was examined. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test, with P < 0.05 signifying statistical significance. The frequency of the C allele was significantly higher in the wet than in the dry AMD group (P = 0.044). In addition, the TC and CC genotypes were markedly more common in the former than in the control group (P = 0.013), and there was a significant difference in the distribution of the T and C alleles between wet AMD patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). Based on this, we conclude that liver-kidney yin-deficiency AMD is associated with the C allele and TC and CC genotypes of the CFH Y402H polymorphism. Among patients with this condition, CFH genotypes were normally distributed. The principal CFH genotypes that induce liver-kidney yin-deficiency AMD are the mutant homozygote CC and heterozygote TC forms. Moreover, C allele carriers are at higher risk of developing this disease.

[Therapy of adult-onset laryngeal papilloma: integrallty submucosal dissection of the tumor by CO2 laser].

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the integrallty submucosal resection of adult-onset laryngeal papilloma by CO2 laser. Methods: A group of 64 cases (36 males and 28 females, multipe lesions 54 cases and single lesion 10 cases, aged 18-75 years, mean age 43.13 years) with adult-onset laryngeal papilloma encountered in the first affliated hospital of Sun Yatsen university from 2009 to 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. All cases were treated with integrallty submucosal dissection of the tumor by CO2 laser, and observed the changes of tumor integral scope, inter-operative, operative processes, postoperative voice quality, postoperative scarring, and the tracheotomy conditions, which were analysed and evaluated. Results: A total of 64 patients were followed up from 1 year to 5 years. Preoperative tumor integral scope of these patients averaged of 7.00. A total of 62 cases kept 0 score of the tumor integral scope for at least one year, which lead to a clinical cure rate of 96.9%. The inter-operative averaged of 25.7 months. The total operative processes of these patients were 87 times (mean time 1.36). Four cases resulted in postoperative scarring. However these was a good result in postoperative voice quality with a mean score 4.25. As to the changes of tumor integral scope, all cases got a declining score (mean score 6.72), which resulted in a remission rate of 100%. Conclusion: The integrallty submucosal dissection of adult-onset 1aryngeal papilloma by CO2 laser was an effective way to reduce the tumor integral scope; lengthen their inter-operative; decrease the operative processes, avoid the occurrence of tracheotomy; and improve the postoperative voice quality. Most of the patients could even be cured ultimately.

Knock-down of p300 decreases the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation potentiality of HDPCs.

AIM: To investigate the role of p300 in the regulation of proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODOLOGY: The recombinant lentiviral vector pshRNA-copGFP was used to knock-down p300 expression in HDPCs. Protein level of acetylated H3 was detected. The proliferation of HDPCs was measured using the CCK8 assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining, respectively. The expression levels of Cdc25A, p21(waf1) and the cleaved products of caspase 3 and caspase 7 were determined utilizing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured, and the formation of mineralized nodules was assessed using alizarin red staining after the induction of odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs. The expression levels of the odontogenic differentiation markers DMP-1, DSPP and DSP were detected utilizing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS: After p300 was knocked down in HDPCs, p300 was significantly down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, and histone H3 acetylation was reduced. The proliferation capacity of HDPCs was suppressed in p300 knock-down groups. The cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and cell apoptosis was triggered. ALP activity, the formation of mineralized nodules and the expression levels of DMP-1, DSPP and DSP were all decreased in p300-knock-down HDPCs undergoing odontogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION: Knocking down p300 restrains the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation potentiality of HDPCs.

A 65-kV insulated gate bipolar transistor switch applied in damped AC voltages partial discharge detection system.

Damped AC voltages detection system (DAC) is a productive way to detect the faults in power cables. To solve the problems of large volume, complicated structure and electromagnetic interference in existing switches, this paper developed a compact solid state switch based on electromagnetic trigger, which is suitable for DAC test system. Synchronous electromagnetic trigger of 32 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) in series was realized by the topological structure of single line based on pulse width modulation control technology. In this way, external extension was easily achieved. Electromagnetic trigger and resistor-capacitor-diode snubber circuit were optimized to reduce the switch turn-on time and circular layout. Epoxy encapsulating was chosen to enhance the level of partial discharge initial voltage (PDIV). The combination of synchronous trigger and power supply is proposed to reduce the switch volume. Moreover, we have overcome the drawback of the electromagnetic interference and improved the detection sensitivity of DAC by using capacitor storage energy to maintain IGBT gate driving voltage. The experimental results demonstrated that the solid-state switch, with compact size, whose turn-on time was less than 400 ns and PDIV was more than 65 kV, was able to meet the actual demands of 35 kV DAC test system.

Association of HLA-DRB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with left ventricular remodelling in elderly patients with essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between human leucocyte antigen DRß1 (HLA-DRB1) gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular remodelling (left ventricular dilatation [LVD]) in Han Chinese patients ≥ 60 years old, with essential hypertension. METHODS: LVD was diagnosed via echocardiographic measurements. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction was used to determine the genotypes of three HLA-DRB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs2308765, rs9269186 and rs3135388). RESULTS: HLADRB1 rs2308765 wild-type (G) allele and genotype (GG) were associated with decreased risk of LVD. HLA-DRB1 rs9269186 and rs3135388 were not associated with LVD risk. Mean waist and abdominal circumferences were significantly larger in patients with, compared with those without, LVD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that rs2308765 was associated with LVD (GT + TT versus GG; odds ratio 7.958; 95% confidence interval 1.935, 32.723). CONCLUSIONS: Mutation in HLA-DRB1 rs2308765 was associated with increased risk of LVD in elderly patients with hypertension. Genotype analysis may allow identification of patients at high risk of cardiovascular events such LVD.