Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis, Two New Records on Citrus sinensis in China.

Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.

Morphological and molecular identification of two new Alternaria species (Ascomycota, Pleosporaceae) in section Radicina from China.

The fungal genus Alternaria was distributed widely and found in different habitats such as plant or indoor environment. During an investigation into this genus in China, two new Alternaria species, Alternaria vulgarae and A. divaricatae were respectively isolated from diseased leaves of Foeniculum vulgare and Saposhnikovia divaricata, which both belonged to Umbelliferae. Phylogenetically, they were determined as new species belonging in the section Radicina of Alternaria based on the combined four gene fragments of ITS, TEF1, GAPDH and RPB2. Morphologically, the two species were illustrated and compared with other relevant Alternaria species in section Radicina.

Diagnosis and treatment of congenital submandibular duct dilatation / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features and treatments of congenital submandibular duct dilatation.@*METHODS@#Seven children with congenital submandibular duct dilatation from January 2008 to March 2018 were included in this study, whose average age was 5 months and 22 days. The clinical manifestations are unilateral swelling of the mouth floor. All seven children underwent sublingual gland resection, submandibular gland dilatation catheter resection, and catheter reroute under general anesthesia. Intraoperatively, the orifice of the submandibular gland was constricted and part of the catheter was dilated.@*RESULTS@#All seven patients had good healing without swelling or cyst formation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Congenital submandibular duct dilatation occurs at a young age. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further expansion of the catheter and avoid gland atrophy, feeding difficulty, and breathing obstruction. Simultaneous excision of the sublingual gland can avoid the formation of postoperative sublingual cyst.

Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative ortho-Acylation of Anilines with Carbamate as a Removable Directing Group.

An efficient palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative ortho-acylation of anilines with α-oxocarboxylic acids has been realized by using carbamate as a directing group (DG). The reaction proceeds smoothly with high regioselectivity to afford diverse acylation products of aniline derivatives in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. This transformation exhibits broad substrate scope and highly functional group tolerance. In addition, the employed DG can be easily removed to give the corresponding 2-amino aromatic ketones. Importantly, several transformations of the synthesized ortho-acylated anilines into several synthetically valuable products have been demonstrated for their utilities.

Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative ortho-Acylation of Benzamides with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids.

A palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative ortho-acylation of tertiary benzamides with α-oxocarboxylic acids by weak O-coordination has been described. This reaction proceeds smoothly with a high monoacylation selectivity, affording ortho-acylated benzamides in moderate to good yields. When secondary benzamides are employed as the substrates, the formed ortho-acylated benzamides undergo further intramolecular cyclization to provide isoindolinone derivatives. In addition, several transformations of the synthesized ortho-acylated benzamides into a diversity of synthetically valuable products have been demonstrated.

Path Loss Measurement and Channel Modeling with Muscular Tissue Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: The galvanic coupling intra-body communication has low radiation and strong anti-interference ability, so it has many advantages in the wireless communication. METHOD: In order to analyze the effect of muscle tissue's characteristics upon the communication channel, we selected the muscle of pig buttock as the experimental sample, and used it to study the attenuation property with the galvanic coupling intra-body communication channel along the parallel direction and the transverse direction relative to the muscular fibre line as well as on the surface of destroyed muscular fibre; the study frequency ranges from 1kHz to 10MHz.In the isotropic experiment, in order to destroy muscle's fibre characteristics, we grinded the muscle four times, at least five minutes for each time. 0dbm sine-wave signal was input to measure the channel attenuation parameter S21 when the transmitter and the receiver were placed at different positions and different distances d1 and d2 (20mm, 40mm, 60mm), so as to analyze channel loss. CONCLUSION: Within the same frequency range and at the same communication distance, the maximum error of channel attenuation was 10dB; within the same frequency, as the communication distance was increased, the channel attenuation rose gradually, with 4dB increased every 20mm. The conclusion provides the basis for building the theoretical model in the future.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C-H Mono- and Difluoromethylation of Arenes through ortho-Metalation Strategy.

The first example for the ruthenium-catalyzed ligand-directed meta-selective C-H mono- and difluoromethylation is developed, affording a variety of new meta-mono- and difluoromethylated 2-phenylpyridines, 2-phenylpyrimidines, and 1-phenylpyrazoles in moderate-to-good yields. This new transformation exhibits broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high efficiency, and offers a practical approach to synthesize mono- and difluoromethylated arenes. Mechanistic studies indicate that a reaction pathway involving palladium-initiated radical species is involved in the catalytic cycle. The new dual catalytic system consisting of compatible ruthenium(II) and palladium(0) complexes enables the key processes of C-H activation and mono-/difluoromethyl-radical formation to occur and achieves the meta-selective functionalization efficiently. In addition, the present protocol can also be extended to non-fluoromethylation.

New data on brachypterous Paederus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of mainland China.

Material of the brachypterous Paederus of the Chinese provinces Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi was examined. In total, twelve species are recognized, among which two are described here as new: P. daicongchaoi sp. n. (Anhui: Yaolouping) and P. nanlingensis sp. n. (Guangdong: Nanling). One species probably undescribed remains unnamed and one synonymy is proposed: Paederus (Gnathopaederus) bursavacua Willers, 2001 = Paederus (Gnathopaederus) daozhenensis Li & Zhou, 2009, nov. syn. A key to the brachypterous Paederus species of mainland China is provided.

New data on the subgenus Gnathopaederus of the genus Paederus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) of mainland China.

Paederus (Gnathopaederus) xuei Peng & Li sp. n. (Yunnan: Dawei Shan) and P. (G.) cheni Peng & Li sp. n. (Hunan: Badagong Shan) are described and illustrated. Additional records of P. (G.) bursavacua Willers, 2001, P. (G.) szechuanus (Chapin, 1927) and P. (G.) yunnanensis Willers, 2001 are reported.

On the Lathrobium fauna of the Donggong Mountains, eastern China.

Material of the paederine genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 from the Donggong Mountains, eastern China, is examined. Fifteen species are identified, seven of them described previously and eight undescribed. Seven species are described and illustrated for the first time, all of them micropterous and locally endemic: L. haoae Peng & Li sp. n., L. songi Peng & Li sp. n., L. yui Peng & Li sp. n., L. fengyangense Peng & Li sp. n., L. liyangense Peng & Li sp. n., L. mu Peng & Li sp. n. and L. yani Peng & Li sp. n. One probably undescribed species remains unnamed. The female sexual characters of L. baishanzuense Peng & Li, 2012 and L. zhui Peng & Li, 2014 are described and illustrated for the first time. Including the new taxa, 196 Lathrobium species are currently known from mainland China.

Analysis of surgical treatment in 388 cases with nodular Hashimoto's disease / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate surgical opportunity and suitable treatment approach in nodular Hashimoto's disease.Methods An analysis was performed in 388 pathologically confirmed cases with nodular Hashimoto's disease and other thyroid-related diseases.All the cases were involved with surgical treatment due to thyroid nodules from June,1995 to Dec,2005.Results Among the above-mentioned cases,64 cases (16.5%) were Hashimoto's disease with the presence of thyroid cancer,190 (48.9%) nodular thyroid tumor,94 (24.2%) thyroid adenoma,7 (1.8%) hyperthyroidism,the rest (8.5%) simple Hashimoto's disease.Prior to 2000, among 106 cases of Hashimoto's disease there were 15 cases accompanied by thyroid cancer.Since 2001,282 cases of Hashimoto's disease were dealt surgically,49 of which had thyroid cancer.Compared to the period from 1995 to 2000,the complication of Hashimoto's disease and thyroid cancer has been sharply increasing during the recent five years (P