Factors that influence the choice of long-acting reversible contraceptive use among adolescents post-abortion in Chongqing, China: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Induced abortion can seriously harm the physical and mental health of adolescent women. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) can effectively reduce unplanned pregnancies and prevent repeated abortions among adolescents. This study aimed to analyse the factors affecting the choice of LARC among adolescents in Chongqing of China. METHODS: A total of 555 adolescents who underwent induced abortions for unplanned pregnancies between January 2019 and October 2021 were selected as study subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting adolescent LARC choices following induced abortions. RESULTS: The factors that affected adolescent LARC choices included an average monthly income ≥ ¥3000 (OR = 3.432, 95% CI: 1.429∼8.244), history of previous abortions (OR = 3.141, 95% CI: 1.632∼6.045), worrying about unplanned pregnancy (OR = 0.365, 95% CI: 0.180∼0.740), parental support for using LARC (OR = 3.549, 95% CI: 1.607∼7.839), sexual partners' support for using LARC (OR = 2.349, 95% CI: 1.068∼5.167), concerns about using LARC (OR = 0.362, 95% CI: 0.176∼0.745), and willingness to use free IUDs (OR = 13.582, 95% CI: 7.173∼25.717). CONCLUSION: Cost is one of the factors affecting LARC choices. Parents and sexual partners may play important role in the choice of LARC.

The study analysed the choice of contraceptive methods and the factors affecting the choice of long-acting reversible contraception methods after induced abortion among adolescents in Chongqing, China. The results showed that the income level, history of previous abortions, extent of worrying about unplanned pregnancy, parents' and sexual partners' attitude towards to use long-acting reversible contraception methods, concerns about using long-acting reversible contraception methods, and willingness to use free intrauterine devices were the factors affecting the choice of long-acting reversible contraception methods after induced abortion among adolescents.

Development and validation of a clinical model to predict preconception risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in nulliparous women: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a model to predict the preconception risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in nulliparous women. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 1565 women in early pregnancy who underwent preconception health examinations in the Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2020 and June 2021 were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the preconception risk factors for GDM. These factors were used to construct a model to predict GDM risk in nulliparous women. Then, the model was used to assess the preconception risk of GDM in 1060 nulliparous women. RESULTS: Independent preconception risk factors for GDM included the following: age 35 years or greater, diastolic blood pressure 80 mm Hg or greater, fasting plasma glucose 5.1 mmol/L or greater, body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) 24 or greater, weight gain 10 kg or greater in the year before pregnancy, age of menarche 15 years or greater, three or more previous pregnancies, daily staple food intake 300 g or greater, fondness for sweets, and family history of diabetes. BMI less than 18.5, daily physical activity duration 1 h or greater, and high-intensity physical activity were protective factors. These factors were used to construct a model to predict GDM risk in nulliparous women, and the incidence of GDM significantly increased as the risk score increased. The area under the curve of the prediction model was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.80-0.85). CONCLUSION: The preconception GDM risk prediction model demonstrated good predictive efficacy and can be used to identify populations at high risk of GDM before pregnancy, which provides the possibility for preconception intervention.

Co-adsorption mechanisms of As(V) and Cd(II) by three-dimensional flower-like Mg/Al/Fe-CLDH synthesized by "memory effect".

Due to the different physical and chemical properties such as surface charge and ion morphology between As(V) and Cd(II), it is challenging to remove As(V) and Cd(II), especially at low concentrations. This study constructed a novel three-dimension nanocomposite adsorbent Mg/Al/Fe-CLDH (CFMA) by "hydrothermal + calcination method". And different initial concentration ratios (Cd: As=1: 2, 1: 1, 2: 1) were used to investigate the removal performance of CFMA for Cd(II) and As(V). When the concentration ratio Cd: As=1: 2, the residual concentrations of As(V) and Cd(II) were 8.7 µg/L and 4.2 µg/L, respectively, which met the drinking water standard; In the co-adsorption system, As(V) and Cd(II) influence each other's adsorption behavior due to the anionic bridge and shielding effect of As(V) on Cd(II), As(V) gradually changed from monolayer adsorption to multi-layer adsorption dominant, while Cd(II) gradually changed from multi-layer adsorption to monolayer adsorption dominant. In this paper, the structure-activity relationship between material structure and synchronous removal of arsenic and cadmium was clarified, and the mechanism of synchronous removal was revealed, which provided technical guidance for synchronous removal of As(V) and Cd(II) from non-ferrous metal smelting wastewater.

Uptake of arsenic(V) using iron and magnesium functionalized highly ordered mesoporous MCM-41 (Fe/Mg-MCM-41) as an effective adsorbent.

Mesoporous silica (MCM-41) is widely used as a supporting material due to its large specific surface area and good stability, but it cannot remove heavy metals due to the lack of adsorption active sites. In this study, the MCM-41 (a mesoporous SiO2 material) decorated with iron and magnesium oxide (Fe/Mg-MCM-41) was found to be an excellent adsorbent to remove arsenic(V) from water. FTIR, BET, TEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, etc. were applied for characterization analysis. Adsorption isotherms were fitted well by the Langmuir model and the experimental maximum adsorption capacity of Fe/Mg4-MCM-41 (magnesium accounts for 4%) was 71.53 mg/g at pH = 3. Thermodynamics analysis suggested exothermic nature of adsorption behavior. Kinetic process was well described by the pseudo-second-order model and adsorption rate was controlled by intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of As(V) onto Fe/Mg4-MCM-41 was investigated under different reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, Mg-doping and competing ions. The results showed that loading a certain amount of magnesium can significantly improve arsenic removal efficiency. Additionally, Fe/Mg4-MCM-41 exhibits high arsenic(V) removal in the wide pH range of 3-10. The Fe/Mg4-MCM-41 can be regenerated and used after four consecutive cycles. The high arsenic(V) sorption capacity, wide range of pH applications, ability to regenerate, and reusability of Fe/Mg4-MCM-41 confirmed that this adsorbent is promising for treating As-contaminated wastewater.

The Protective Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Ligusticum chuanxiong: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Activities.

Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC) is a Chinese materia medica which is widely used in clinical settings to treat headaches, blood extravasation, and arthritis. Recent studies demonstrate that LC possesses versatile pharmacological functions, including antiatherosclerosis, antimigraine, antiaging, and anticancer properties. Moreover, LC also shows protective effects in the progression of different diseases that damage somatic cells. Oxidative stress and inflammation, which can induce somatic cell apoptosis, are the main factors associated with an abundance of diseases, whose progresses can be reversed by LC. In order to comprehensively review the molecular mechanisms associated with the protective effects of LC, we collected and integrated all its related studies on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. The results show that LC could exhibit the mentioned biological activities by modulating several signaling pathways, specifically the NF-κB, Nrf2, protein kinase, and caspase-3 pathways. In future investigations, the pharmacokinetic properties of bioactive compounds in LC and the signaling pathway modulation of LC could be focused.

Low uptake affinity cultivars with biochar to tackle Cd-tainted rice--A field study over four rice seasons in Hunan, China.

Biochar is becoming an environmentally friendly material for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils and improving food safety. A field trial over four rice seasons was conducted to investigate the use of biochar and low Cd accumulating cultivars on Cd uptake in a heavy metal contaminated soil. Wheat straw derived biochar was applied at 0, 20 and 40 t ha(-1). Two rice cultivars with differing Cd accumulation abilities were selected in each season. The results showed that both biochar and low Cd affinity cultivars significantly reduced rice grain Cd accumulation. Biochar had no significant effect the first season but thereafter consistently reduced rice grain Cd by a maximum of 61, 86 and 57% over the next three seasons. Zn accumulation in the rice grains was not decreased by biochar application, although available soil Zn was sharply reduced (35-91%). Indica conventional rice cultivars had much lower Cd, but higher Zn and lower Cd/Zn ratios in the grain than indica hybrid cultivars. Biochar was more effective for mitigating grain Cd accumulation in low Cd affinity cultivars than in high affinity cultivars. Soil pH was sustainably increased (up to nearly 1 unit) while available Cd significantly decreased by a maximum of 85% after biochar addition. The translocation of Cd from rice roots to shoots was reduced from 20 to 80% by biochar. Low uptake affinity cultivars combined with biochar reduced late rice grain Cd concentration and Cd/Zn ratios by 69-80% and 72-80%, respectively. It indicated that the management of combining biochar and low Cd affinity cultivars should be an efficient way to remediate Cd contaminated rice paddies and reduce health risk associated with consuming rice from these soils.

Optical serial coherent analyzer of radio-frequency (OSCAR).

Optical serial coherent analyzer of radio-frequency is a novel scheme that enables fast-scanning microwave signal measurements in a large bandwidth. The measurements are performed based on serial channelization realized by using a fast scanning laser source as the local oscillator to down-convert the to-be-measured radio-frequency (RF) signals. Optical coherent detection effectively removes interferences induced by RF's self-beating and guarantees the accuracy of measurements. In the experimental demonstration, instantaneous multi-frequency measurements and vector information acquisition of RF signals can be achieved by this scheme within 2.8 µs over 14 GHz bandwidth.

Multiple-frequency measurement based on serial photonic channelization using optical wavelength scanning.

A serial photonic channelized radio frequency (RF) measurement scheme is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This scheme can be used for instantaneous multiple-frequency measurement and capturing key parameters of linear frequency modulation signals. Based on high-speed wavelength scanning, this photonic RF channelizer works serially in time domain, and each wavelength labels a certain RF channel. With only one low-bandwidth photodetector (PD), we can implement multiple channel RF frequency measurements, which have a much simpler structure compared with parallel channelized schemes using broadband filter-bank and multiple PDs.