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1.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 225: 112770, 2021 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34536793

RESUMO

Tritium is a water-soluble hydrogen isotope that releases beta rays during decay. In nature, tritium primarily exists as tritiated water (HTO), and its main source is nuclear power/processing plants. In recent decades, with the development of nuclear power industry, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of tritium on organisms. In this study, fertilized zebrafish embryos are treated with different HTO concentrations (3.7 × 103 Bq/ml, 3.7 × 104 Bq/ml, 3.7 × 105 Bq/ml). After treatment with HTO, the zebrafish embryos developed without evident morphological changes. Nevertheless, the heart rate increased and locomotor activity decreased significantly. In addition, RNA-sequencing shows that HTO can affect gene expressions. The differentially expressed genes are enriched through many physiological processes and intracellular signaling pathways, including cardiac, cardiovascular, and nervous system development and the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. Moreover, the concentrations of thyroid hormones in the zebrafish decrease and the expression of thyroid hormone-related genes is disordered after HTO treatment. Our results suggest that exposure to HTO may affect the physiology and behaviors of zebrafish through physiological processes and intracellular signaling pathways and provide a theoretical basis for ecological risk assessment of tritium.


Assuntos
Água , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Expressão Gênica , Hidrogênio , Locomoção , Peixe-Zebra/genética
2.
J Environ Radioact ; 237: 106667, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34116456

RESUMO

The release of liquid effluent of nuclear power into aquatic system increases with the rapid development of nuclear facilities in coastal and inland regions. Aquatic model animals are very important for the study of the radiation hazards to non-human biota in water environment and its extrapolation of dose-effect relationship to human models. However, the study of the radiation dose rate calculation model of the aquatic animal zebrafish is still on the homogeneous isotropic model used for the protection of the environment. A series of zebrafish models (including adults, larvae and embryos, named zebrafish-family: ZF-family) with multiple internal organs are established in this study to investigate the mechanism of radiation damage effect in order to protect non-human species. The internal and external dose coefficients (DCs) of the whole body, heart and gonads of zebrafishes are calculated in water environment with the combination of the real experimental culture condition, using Monte Carlo application package GATE (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography) and eight nuclides, i.e., 3H, 14C, 90Sr, 60Co, 110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs, 131I, which are commonly found in the liquid effluent of nuclear power plants, as the source items, The results show that the level of nuclide γ energy determines the external DCs (DCext), and 90Sr plays the most important role in internal DCs (DCint). The comparison between the external DCs of the heart and gonad and that of the whole body shows that DCs (DCext) of heart and gonad for females are 80% and 43% lower than that of whole body, respectively, while for males, the DCs (DCext) of heart is 44% lower than that of the whole body, and DCs (DCext) of gonad is slightly higher than that of the whole body for most nuclides (up to 25%).The dose of internal radiation makes greater contribution than that of external radiation to pure beta emitter (3H, 14C, 90Sr). This internal DCs of ZF-family model with complex internal structure turns out to demonstrate more sensitive DCs change trend and higher calculation values compared with the internal DCs of the simple ellipsoid model. In this model, the photon emitter with strong penetrating power has higher internal DCs, while the low-energy pure beta nuclide does not alter much. In conclusion, it is vital to carry out refined systematic modeling for model organisms, and the determination of DCs of model organs can promote the evaluation of the radiation effects on non-human species.


Assuntos
Monitoramento de Radiação , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Feminino , Raios gama , Masculino , Método de Monte Carlo , Fótons
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