Effect of Orem's self-care model on discharge readiness of patients undergoing enterostomy: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Orem's self-care model in preparing hospitals for the discharge of patients with colorectal cancer who undergo enterostomy. METHODS: 92 patients with enterostomy were recruited between February 2022 and February 2023 from a general tertiary hospital. The participants were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group randomly. The intervention group received Orem's self-care program and a three-month follow-up, whereas the control group received only routine care and a three-month follow-up. Discharge readiness, self-care ability, and stoma-quality-of-life data were collected at hospital discharge (T1), 30 days (T2), and 90 days (T3) after discharge. RESULTS: The intervention group had substantially higher discharge readiness (knowledge, p < 0.001; coping ability, p = 0.006; personal status, p = 0.001; expected support, p = 0.021; total score, p < 0.001), better self-care ability at T1 (self-care knowledge, p < 0.001; self-care skills, p = 0.010), better total quality of life (QoL) at T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.001; p = 0.006; p = 0.014); better stoma management and daily routine at T1 (p = 0.004; p < 0.001); and better daily routine at T2 (p = 0.009) than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The designed discharge readiness program based on Orem's self-care could promote effective patient discharge readiness, self-care knowledge, self-care skills, and QoL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial number ChiCTR2200056302 registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Factors Influencing Readiness for Hospital Discharge among Patients Undergoing Enterostomy: A Descriptive, Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors influencing hospital discharge readiness among Chinese patients who have undergone enterostomy. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, researchers recruited patients with colorectal cancer who underwent enterostomy at a tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province, China, via convenience sampling between January 2021 and January 2023. Participants completed the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, Ostomy Self-care Ability Scale, and Stoma-Quality of Life-Chinese Questionnaire (Chinese version) at the time of hospital discharge. Univariate, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to explore the impact of self-care ability, quality of life, and other clinicodemographic characteristics on patients' readiness for hospital discharge. RESULTS: Of the 200 questionnaires distributed, 177 (88.5%) were completed and included in the final analysis. The median scores for the factors considered in this study were as follows: Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale was 148.00 (interquartile range [IQR], 117.50, 164.00), self-care intention of the Ostomy Self-care Ability Scale was 36.00 (IQR, 34.00, 40.00), self-care knowledge of the Ostomy Self-care Ability Scale was 17.00 (IQR, 15.00, 19.00), self-care skill of the Ostomy Self-care Ability Scale was 5.00 (IQR, 3.00, 6.00), and the total score for quality of life was 60.00 (IQR, 49.00, 69.00). Multiple linear regression analysis identified several key factors explaining 48.2% of the variance in global readiness for hospital discharge: global quality of life (ß = .347, P < .001), self-care knowledge (ß = .259, P < .001), leakage during hospitalization (ß = -0.241, P < .001), monthly family income (ß = .148, P = .008), stoma siting before surgery (ß = .130, P = .020), and self-care intention (ß = .127, P = .035). CONCLUSIONS: The readiness for hospital discharge among patients undergoing enterostomy in this study was high. Factors such as quality of life, self-care knowledge, leakage during hospitalization, monthly family income, stoma siting before surgery, and self-care intention after undergoing enterostomy influenced the patients' readiness for hospital discharge. Therefore, future studies should focus on developing interventions to enhance patients' readiness for hospital discharge.

Dynamic genomic changes in methotrexate-resistant human cancer cell lines beyond DHFR amplification suggest potential new targets for preventing drug resistance.

BACKGROUND: Although DHFR gene amplification has long been known as a major mechanism for methotrexate (MTX) resistance in cancer, the early changes and detailed development of the resistance are not yet fully understood. METHODS: We performed genomic, transcriptional and proteomic analyses of human colon cancer cells with sequentially increasing levels of MTX-resistance. RESULTS: The genomic amplification evolved in three phases (pre-amplification, homogenously staining region (HSR) and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA)). We confirm that genomic amplification and increased expression of DHFR, with formation of HSRs and especially ecDNAs, is the major driver of resistance. However, DHFR did not play a detectable role in the early phase. In the late phase (ecDNA), increase in FAM151B protein level may also have an important role by decreasing sensitivity to MTX. In addition, although MSH3 and ZFYVE16 may be subject to different posttranscriptional regulations and therefore protein expressions are decreased in ecDNA stages compared to HSR stages, they still play important roles in MTX resistance. CONCLUSION: The study provides a detailed evolutionary trajectory of MTX-resistance and identifies new targets, especially ecDNAs, which could help to prevent drug resistance. It also presents a proof-of-principal approach which could be applied to other cancer drug resistance studies.

A new threshold selection method for species distribution models with presence-only data: Extracting the mutation point of the P/E curve by threshold regression.

Selecting thresholds to convert continuous predictions of species distribution models proves critical for many real-world applications and model assessments. Prevalent threshold selection methods for presence-only data require unproven pseudo-absence data or subjective researchers' decisions. This study proposes a new method, Boyce-Threshold Quantile Regression (BTQR), to determine thresholds objectively without pseudo-absence data. We summarize that the mutation point is a typical shape feature of the predicted-to-expected (P/E) curve after reviewing relevant articles. Analysis based on source-sink theory suggests that this mutation point may represent a transition in habitat types and serve as an appropriate threshold. Threshold regression is introduced to accurately locate the mutation point. To validate the effectiveness of BTQR, we used four virtual species of varying prevalence and a real species with reliable distribution data. Six different species distribution models were employed to generate continuous suitability predictions. BTQR and nine other traditional methods transformed these continuous outputs into binary results. Comparative experiments show that BTQR has advantages in terms of accuracy, applicability, and consistency over the existing methods.

Stigma and self-esteem in facial burn patients: A correlation study.

BACKGROUND: A considerable number of burn patients have greater psychological stress due to the special trauma site. In clinical practice, it is found that medical staff pay more attention to the rehabilitation of physical function, while the mental health status of patients is greatly neglected. In contact with patients, we found that attention should be paid to the levels of stigma and self-esteem. However, there are few studies on stigma and self-esteem in patients with facial burns. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the stigma and self-esteem levels of facial burns, investigate the relationship between these two variables, and explore the influencing factors of stigma in patients with facial burns, in order to provide evidence for follow-up interventions to improve this population. METHODS: From August 2020 to June 2021, we recruited patients with facial burns who met the inclusion criteria in one burn specialist clinic and three burn units of a tertiary A hospital in Guangzhou, China. The survey tools of this study include sociodemographic and disease-related information questionnaires, the Chinese version of the Social Impact Scale, and the self-esteem scale (these scales were validated). SPSS 25.0 software was used for data analysis through t test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression method for data statistics. RESULTS: The total stigma score of facial burn patients was (58.01 ± 7.57), which was at a medium level; the self-esteem score was (19.72 ± 2.43), which was at a low level. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the self-esteem score and the total score of stigma (r = 0.286, P < 0.01). The family per capita monthly income, education level, way of medical expenses expenditure, and self-esteem of facial burn patients were the influencing factors of their stigma, and these factors explained 33.7% of the variation in stigma (F=8.659, P＜0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with facial burns have low levels of stigma and self-esteem, which requires our efforts. In particular, there is a positive correlation between stigma and self-esteem, and self-esteem is an independent risk factor affecting stigma. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem have the potential to positively impact the reduction of stigma in this patient population.

Predictors of Psychological Distress among Patients with Colorectal Cancer-Related Enterostomy: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that may predict psychological distress in patients with an enterostomy. METHODS: Investigators recruited 77 patients with a stoma from a stoma clinic according to the inclusion criteria. Patients' psychological distress was assessed with the Distress Thermometer (DT) tool, and their personality type was determined by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Researchers also collected demographic and disease-related data. Predictive values were estimated using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean DT score of all patients was 5.94 (SD, 1.81), and approximately 85.7% consistently suffered from psychological distress. Being unmarried and having peristomal complications were associated with higher psychological distress, whereas having a monthly income 5,000 ¥ or more was associated with lower levels of distress. Moreover, patients with a melancholic personality type tended to have higher DT scores, which could act as a strong independent predictor for psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with a stoma endured moderate to severe psychological distress during follow-up care. Exploring the related factors that predict the levels of psychological distress could enable clinicians to identify at-risk patients as early as possible and thus provide optimal care for improving patients' quality of life.

Indirubin regulates T cell differentiation by promoting αVß8 expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a disease that can invade the whole digestive tract and is accompanied by immune abnormalities. Immune dysfunction involving dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells is recognized as a key factor in diseases. Indirubin (IDRB) exerts antiinflammatory effects and can help in treating immune diseases. This study aimed to isolate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to obtain mature DCs (mDCs). The expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II was detected using flow cytometry after treatment with IDRB. αVß8 siRNA was used to knock down αVß8 in mDCs, and the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II was detected. Meanwhile, DCs were co-cultured with T cells. Then, T cell differentiation was detected using flow cytometry, and the cytokine levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animal model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease was established in mice. After intervention with IDRB and αVß8 shRNA, the intestinal tissues were evaluated using H&E staining, disease activity index (DAI) score, and histological damage index, and the corresponding factors and cytokines to regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th17 were measured. The results showed that αVß8 was expressed in immature DCs and mDCs. CD80, CD86, CD40, and MHC-II expression decreased after IDRB treatment in mDCs. Meanwhile, the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß also decreased after IDRB treatment. The effect of IDRB on the expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II, TNF-α, and TGF-ß in mDCs was reversed by αVß8 siRNA. The Treg differentiation increased after IDRB treatment, while the differentiation of Th17 cells was inhibited. This effect of IDRB was reversed by mDCs after treatment with αVß8 siRNA. In vivo experiments showed that IDRB alleviated the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease in animals. Enteritis significantly reduced, and the effect of IDRB was reversed by αVß8 shRNA. The results suggested that IDRB regulated the differentiation of T cells by mediating the maturation of BMDCs through αVß8. This study confirmed the therapeutic effect of IDRB in inflammatory bowel disease and suggested that IDRB might serve as a potential drug.

A High-Rate, Durable Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Sb-Doped O3-Type Ni/Mn-Based Layered Oxides.

O3-Type layered oxides are widely studied as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, their rate capability and durability are limited by tortuous Na+ diffusion channels and complicated phase evolution during Na+ extraction/insertion. Here we report our findings in unravelling the mechanism for dramatically enhancing the stability and rate capability of O3-NaNi0.5Mn0.5-xSbxO2 (NaNMS) by substitutional Sb doping, which can alter the coordination environment and chemical bonds of the transition metal (TM) ions in the structure, resulting in a more stable structure with wider Na+ transport channels. Furthermore, NaNMS nanoparticles are obtained by surface energy regulation during grain growth. The synergistic effect of Sb doping and nanostructuring greatly reduces the ionic migration energy barrier while increasing the reversibility of the structural evolution during repeated Na+ extraction/insertion. An optimized NaNMS-1 electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 212.3 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C and 74.5 mAh g-1 at 50 C with minimal capacity loss after 100 cycles at a low temperature of -20 °C. Such electrochemical performance is superior to most of the reported layered oxide cathodes used in rechargeable SIBs.

The Effect of Sanyrene Liquid Dressing in Preventing Radiation Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of Sanyrene liquid dressing (Urgo Medical) in preventing radiation dermatitis (RD) among patients with cancer after radiotherapy. DATA SOURCES: The authors searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for articles published from inception to January 2021. STUDY SELECTION: The preliminary search identified 146 studies. After removing duplicates, applying exclusion criteria, and screening titles and abstracts, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: A standardized form was constructed to extract data from eligible studies. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: The authors identified a total of 19 studies involving 1,508 patients that assessed the effectiveness of Sanyrene liquid dressing in preventing RD in patients with cancer after radiotherapy. The findings suggested that Sanyrene decreases the total incidence of RD (odds ratio [OR], 5.00; 95% CI, 2.77-9.03; P < .00001), as well as the incidence of RD grade 2 (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36-0.85; P = .007), grade 3 (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.09-0.57; P = .002), and grade 4 (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.78; P = .01). In addition, in comparison with controls, Sanyrene liquid dressing improves the cure rate (OR, 8.18; 95% CI, 4.03-16.60; P < .00001) and delays the occurrence of RD (mean difference, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.03-4.36; P < .00001). CONCLUSIONS: Sanyrene liquid dressing can decrease both the total incidence of RD and the incidence of RD above grade 2. It also improves the cure rate and delays the occurrence of RD. Thus, Sanyrene may be a superior option for preventing RD after radiotherapy. However, the findings were assessed as moderate- to low-quality evidence and more high-quality trials are needed to support this result.

Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors in Chinese Patients with Chronic Wounds.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors influencing quality of life in patients with chronic wounds. METHODS: A total of 138 patients with chronic wounds were included and completed the Chinese version of the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire after researchers assessed their wound severity. RESULTS: The mean scores of physical symptoms and everyday living, social life, and well-being on the Chinese version of the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule were 55.65 ± 15.82, 52.69 ± 16.46, and 40.75 ± 13.82, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, coping style, and education level were the primary factors, explaining 51.7% of the variance in physical symptoms and everyday living. Depression and coping style explained 49.6% of the variance in social life. Anxiety and primary disease explained 36.2% of the variance in well-being. CONCLUSIONS: The factors influencing quality of life for these Chinese patients with chronic wounds included education level, primary disease, anxiety, depression, and coping style. Speaking with patients about living with a chronic wound and their potential for healing, understanding their fears about significant changes to their life, and encouraging them to accept such changes can be important for patients and their recovery.

Unlocking the ultrafast potential of gold nanowires for mode-locking in the mid-infrared region.

In this Letter, we present the mode-locking operation of a 2.87 µm Ho3+/Pr3+ codoped fluoride fiber laser, helped by the ultrafast nonlinear optical absorption behavior of gold nanowires (GNWs). The mode locker is fabricated by depositing the GNW solution onto a silver mirror. It has a modulation depth of 14.2%, a saturation intensity of 26.2MW/cm2, and a non-saturation loss of 29.9% at 2.87 µm. With an increased pump power, the laser operates in Q-switched mode-locking, fundamental mode-locking, and harmonic mode-locking (HML) states. This represents the first, to our knowledge, mid-infrared mode-locked laser using gold nanomaterials. Additionally, the HML is also the first observation in a laser in this band using material saturable absorbers, implying the capability of GNWs for high repetition rate generation.

Noninvasive monitoring of hepatic glutathione depletion through fluorescence imaging and blood testing.

Hepatic glutathione plays a key role in regulating redox potential of the entire body, and its depletion is known to increase susceptibility to oxidative stress involved in many diseases. However, this crucial pathophysiological event can only be detected noninvasively with high-end instrumentation or invasively with surgical biopsy, limiting both preclinical research and clinical prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. Here, we report that both in vivo fluorescence imaging and blood testing (the first-line detection in the clinics) can be used for noninvasive and consecutive monitoring of hepatic glutathione depletion at high specificity and accuracy with assistance of a body-clearable nanoprobe, of which emission and surface chemistries are selectively activated and transformed by hepatic glutathione in the liver sinusoids. These findings open a new avenue to designing exogenous blood markers that can carry information of local disease through specific nanobiochemical interactions back to the bloodstream for facile and rapid disease detection.

Hyperfluorescence Imaging of Kidney Cancer Enabled by Renal Secretion Pathway Dependent Efflux Transport.

Renal tubular secretion is an active efflux pathway for the kidneys to remove molecules but has yet to be used to enhance kidney cancer targeting. We report indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated with a 2100 Da PEG molecule (ICG-PEG45) as a renal-tubule-secreted near-infrared-emitting fluorophore for hyperfluorescence imaging of kidney cancers, which cannot be achieved with hepatobiliary- and glomerular-clearable ICG. This pathway-dependent targeting of kidney cancer arises from the fact that the secretion pathway enables ICG-PEG45 to be effectively effluxed out of normal proximal tubules through P-glycoprotein transporter while being retained in cancerous kidney tissues with low P-glycoprotein expression. Tuning elimination pathways and utilizing different efflux kinetics of medical agents in normal and diseased tissues could be a new strategy for tackling challenges in disease diagnosis and treatments that cannot be addressed with passive and ligand-receptor-mediated active targeting.

Efficacy and safety of nano-silver dressings combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor for deep second-degree burns: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of nano-silver dressing combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor for deep second-degree burns. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and other databases were searched to identify relevant randomised controlled trials. RESULTS: Twelve studies that assessed nano-silver dressing combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor were identified. Nano-silver dressing combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor for deep second-degree burns could significantly reduce the duration of wound healing (mean difference -5.68, 95% CI -7.38 - -3.99, P<0.00001), the wound healing rate (risk ratio [RR] 0.34, 95% CI 0.23-0.48, P<0.00001), the rate of scar hyperplasia (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.84, P=0.0004), the wound bacterial positive rate (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.89, P=0.02), and the adverse reactions rate (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.58, P=0.0003). CONCLUSION: This comprehensive meta-analysis of the available evidence suggest that the use of nano-silver dressing combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor results in shorter duration of wound healing, reduced wound bacterial positive rates and adverse reactions rate, and improved wound healing rates.

Tailoring Kidney Transport of Organic Dyes with Low-Molecular-Weight PEGylation.

Subtle changes in size can induce distinct responses of the body to hard nanomaterials; however, it is largely unknown whether just a few ethylene oxide unit differences in soft poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules could significantly alter the renal clearance of small molecules. By systematically investigating in vivo transport of the representative renal clearable organic dyes, IRDye800CW after being conjugated with a series of PEG molecules with molecular weight (MW) below 10 kDa, we found a MW-dependent scaling law: PEG45 (MW = 2100 Da) is an optimized MW to generate the most efficient renal clearance for IRDye800CW by expediting the glomerular filtration of organic dyes and reducing their nonspecific interactions with background tissue. Moreover, the uniqueness of PEG45 can be generalized to other organic dyes such as ZW800-1 and fluorescein. This finding highlights the importance of low-MW PEGylation in tailoring in vivo transport of organic fluorophores, which would broaden their biomedical applications.

[Association of adenylate cyclase-associated protein 2 expression with histopathology and long-term prognosis of gastric cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore association of the expression levels of adenylate cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) in gastric cancer tissues with the histopathology and long-term prognosis of the malignancy. METHODS: This study was conducted among a total of 105 patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy in our hospital between January, 2010 and October, 2013. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantitatively assess the expression of CAP2 in gastric cancer tissues and the adjacent tissues. Based on the median relative expression level of CAP2 of 3.5, the patients were divided into low CAP2 expression group (n=52) and high CAP2 expression group (n=53). The Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of CAP2 expression on the 5-year survival rate of the patients, and ROC curve analysis was used to assess the predictive value of CAP2 expression for the patients' long-term survival. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression levels of CAP2 (P < 0.01) and Ki67 (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in the adjacent tissues, and the expression level of CAP2 was positively correlated with Ki67 (P < 0.01), peripheral blood CEA (P < 0.01) and CA19-9 (P < 0.01). The percentages of patients with CEA≥5 µg/L, CA19-9≥37 kU/L, pathological grade of G3-G4, T stage of 3-4, and N stage of 2-3 were significantly higher in patients with high CAP2 expression than in those with low CAP2 expression (P < 0.05). Kaplan- Meier survival analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with a high CAP2 expression (P < 0.01). A high expression level of CAP2, CEA≥5µg/L, CA19-9≥37 and pathological grades G3-G4 were all independent risk factors for shortened 5-year survival after radical gastrectomy (P < 0.01). With the relative expression level of 3.45 as the cut-off value, the sensitivity of CAP2 was 70.15% for predicting death 5 years after the surgery, with a specificity of 71.05% and an area under the curve of 0.779 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: CAP2 is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues in close relation with the tumor progression. CAP2 is an independent risk factor for 5-year survival rate after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and can be of clinical value in prognostic evaluation of the patients.

Risk factors for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers among diabetic patients: a meta-analysis.

This study aimed to systematically review and identify the risk factors for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) among diabetic patients. PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and VIP databases were electronically searched to identify eligible studies updated to January 2019 to collect case-control studies or cohort studies on the risk factors for the recurrence of DFUs. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Nine retrospective cohort studies were included, in which 1426 patients were enrolled, 542 in the DFU recurrence group and 884 in the non-recurrent DFU group. Risk factors for the recurrence of DFUs included male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.78, P < .05), smoking (OR = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.26-2.20, P = .0004), duration of diabetes (WMD = 4.43, 95% CI, 1.96­6.90, P = .0004), duration of past DFUs (OR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.00-1.03, P = .006), plantar ulcers (OR = 5.31, 95% CI, 4.93-5.72, P <.00001), peripheral artery disease (OR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.20-2.28, P = .002), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR = 2.15, 95% CI, 1.40-3.30, P = .0005). No significant differences were found in age, body mass index, total cholesterol, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, or hypertension. Health care staff should pay attention to the identified risk factors for the recurrence of DFUs. Because of the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, rigorous studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to verify the conclusion.

Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional Metal-Organic Framework Hollow Tubes To Trap Pollutants.

Pollutant treatment is critical in modern society and often requires tedious workup and expensive facilities. By virtue of structural diversity and tunability, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promise in pollutant control. We herein report a powerful templated freeze-drying protocol for the fabrication of multifunctional MOF hollow tubular structures for both air and liquid contaminants filtration. Various hollow tube systems (e.g., "Janus", "coaxial" and "cellular") are produced. Specially, a multilayer coaxial MOF hollow tube is prepared for highly efficient capture of mixed inorganic-organic liquid contaminants with >94% filtration efficiency. Further, a "cellular" hollow tube with low pressure-drop (12 Pa, 10 cm s-1) is applied in particulate matter filtration with high efficiency (>92%). Given the rich structural and functional diversities, this protocol might bring MOFs into industrial applications to remediate environmental problems.

Roll-to-Roll Production of Metal-Organic Framework Coatings for Particulate Matter Removal.

A powerful roll-to-roll hot-pressing strategy for mass production of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based filters (MOFilters) using various MOF systems with ranges of substrates is presented. Thus-obtained MOFilters show superior particulate matter removal efficiency under desired working temperatures. Such versatile MOFilters can be scaled up and purposely designed, which endows MOFilters with great potentials in both residential and industrial pollution control.

Shaping of Metal-Organic Frameworks: From Fluid to Shaped Bodies and Robust Foams.

The applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) toward industrial separation, catalysis, sensing, and some sophisticated devices are drastically affected by their intrinsic fragility and poor processability. Unlike organic polymers, MOF crystals are insoluble in any solvents and are usually not thermoplastic, which means traditional solvent- or melting-based processing techniques are not applicable for MOFs. Herein, a continuous phase transformation processing strategy is proposed for fabricating and shaping MOFs into processable fluids, shaped bodies, and even MOF foams that are capable of reversible transformation among these states. Based on this strategy, a cup-shaped Cu-MOF composite and hierarchically porous MOF foam were developed for highly efficient catalytic C-H oxidation (conv. 76% and sele. 93% for cup-shaped Cu-MOF composite and conv. 92% and sele. 97% for porous foam) with ease of recycling and dramatically improved kinetics. Furthermore, various MOF-based foams with low densities (<0.1 g cm(-3)) and high MOF loadings (up to 80 wt %) were obtained via this protocol. Imparted with hierarchically porous structures and fully accessible MOFs uniformly distributed, these foams presented low energy penalty (pressure drop <20 Pa, at 500 mL min(-1)) and showed potential applications as efficient membrane reactors.