Isolation and characterization of three pairs of verrucosidin epimers from the marine sediment-derived fungus Penicillium cyclopium and configuration revision of penicyrone A and related analogues.

Verrucosidins, a methylated α-pyrone class of polyketides rarely reported upon, have been implicated in one or more neurological diseases. Despite the significance of verrucosidins as neurotoxins, the absolute configurations of most of the derivatives have not been accurately characterized yet. In this study, three pairs of C-9 epimeric verrucosidin derivatives, including the known compounds penicyrones A and B (1a/1b) and 9-O-methylpenicyrones A and B (2a/2b), the new compounds 9-O-ethylpenicyrones A and B (3a/3b), together with the related known derivative verrucosidin (4), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Penicillium cyclopium SD-413, which was obtained from the marine sediment collected from the East China sea. Their structures were established based on an in-depth analysis of nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) and mass spectroscopic data. Determination of the absolute configurations of these compounds was accomplished by Mosher's method and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and optical rotation (OR). The configurational assignment of penicyrone A demonstrated that the previously reported C-6 absolute configuration of verrucosidin derivatives needs to be revised from (6S) to (6R). The 9R/9S epimers of compounds 1-3 were found to exhibit growth inhibition against some pathogenic bacteria, indicating that they have potential as lead compounds for the creation of antimicrobial agents. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00173-2.

Bisabolane sesquiterpene and cyclopentene derivatives from the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum EN-764.

Four undescribed bisabolane sesquiterpenes and one undescribed cyclopentene derivative, together with one undescribed naturally occurring cyclopentenone derivative, were isolated and identified from the culture of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum EN-764, which was obtained from the marine red alga Palisada papillosa. Their structures were determined by detailed interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data, while the relative and absolute configurations were unambiguously established based on NOESY experiments, modified Mosher's method, X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical calculations (ECD and DP4+ probability analysis). The antibacterial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated, and they exhibited inhibitory activity against some aquatic pathogens with MIC values ranging from 4 to 64 µg/mL.

Five new verrucosidin derivatives from Penicillium polonicum, a deep-sea cold-seep sediment isolated fungus.

Five new verrucosidin derivatives, poloncosidins G-K (1-5), were isolated from the deep sea cold-seep sediment-derived fungus Penicillium polonicum CS-252. Their planar structures were elucidated by discreet analysis of the NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS spectrometric data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-5 were deduced from the combination of the modified Mosher's method and quantum chemical calculations of their ECD and NMR (with DP4+ probability analysis) data. The antimicrobial activities against several human- and aquatic-pathogenic bacteria of all the isolated compounds were evaluated and the structure-bioactivity relationship was briefly discussed.

Cyclopiumolides A and B, unusual 13-membered macrolides from the deep sea-sourced fungus Penicillium cyclopium SD-413 with antiproliferative activities.

Cyclopiumolides A (1) and B (2), first representatives of two novel biosynthetic related 13-membered macrolides featuring an uncommon verrucosidinol unit condensed with a spiculisporic acidic moiety, were identified from the fungus Penicillium cyclopium SD-413, which was obtained from the deep-sea sediments collected in the East China Sea. The structures of cyclopiumolides A (1) and B (2) were identified on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data analysis. Their relative and absolute configurations were determined by quantum mechanical calculations of ECD spectra comparing with that of experimental curves and by DP4 + NMR data calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant cytotoxic potencies against the tumor cell lines SF126, FaDu, and TE-1 with IC50 values ranging from 5.86 to 17.05 µM. The inhibition modes and binding sites of 1 and 2 were inspected using molecular docking simulations.

Morphological Characteristics of Bone Marrow Cells in Patients with EB Virus Infection / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Review and analyze the characteristics of bone marrow cell morphology in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and explore the diagnostic value of bone marrow cell morphology for the early identification of EBV infection.@*METHODS@#A total of 33 patients with EBV-DNA positive detection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2018 to May 2021 were collected as the research objects. Bone marrow cell morphology and peripheral blood cell analysis were performed, and the significance in disease diagnosis was analyzed by statistical methods.@*RESULTS@#The sampling satisfaction of 33 patients with EBV infection was 100%. In the clinical diagnosis of all cases, 7 cases were IM, 17 cases were EBV-HLH, 3 cases were lymphoma, 2 cases were EBV-associated lymphoid hyperplasia, and 4 cases were not diagnosed. Among them, 31 patients had active bone marrow hyperplasia or above, 26 patients had active granulocytic hyperplasia or above, 21 patients had active erythroid hyperplasia or above, and 17 cases of megakaryocyte production platelet function decreased. The abnormal components of bone marrow mainly indude atypical lymphocyte cells (33 cases), hemophagocytic cells (22 cases), abnormal histiocyte (10 cases).@*CONCLUSION@#According to the proliferation of granulocytes, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and the emergence of abnormal components such as atypical lymphocytes, hemophagocyte, abnormal histiocyte. Bone marrow cell morphological examination can indicate the possibility of EBV infection, which is certain diagnostic value for early identification of EBV infection.

Two New Phenol Derivatives from the Cold Seep-Derived Fungus Aspergillus insuetus SD-512.

Two new phenol derivatives, namely insphenol A (1) and acetylpeniciphenol (2), along with seven known analogs (3-9), were isolated from the deep-sea cold seep-derived fungus, Aspergillus insuetus SD-512. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by extensive interpretation of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the combination of coupling constant analysis and acid hydrolysis. Among the isolated compounds, insphenol A (1) represents the first example of isopentenyl phenol derivative with a unique 1-glycosylation from the species Aspergillus insuetus. The isolated new compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against six human or aquatic pathogens, while compound 2 exhibited inhibitory effect against Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio alginolyticus, and V. vulnificus, with MIC values of 4, 8, and 8 µg/mL, respectively.

Antibacterial Alkaloids and Polyketide Derivatives from the Deep Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium cyclopium SD-413.

Nine secondary metabolites (1-9), including two new polyketide derivatives 9-dehydroxysargassopenilline A (4) and 1,2-didehydropeaurantiogriseol E (5), along with seven known related secondary metabolites (1-3 and 6-9), were isolated and identified from the deep sea-derived fungus Penicillium cyclopium SD-413. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis and the absolute configurations were determined by the combination of NOESY correlations and time-dependent density functional (TDDFT) ECD calculations. Compounds 1-9 inhibited some pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, E. ictaluri, Edwardsiella tarda, Micrococcus luteus, Vibrio anguillarum, and V. harveyi, with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values ranging from 4 to 32 µg/mL.

Comparison of effects of dsRNA and siRNA RNA interference on insulin-like androgenic gland gene (IAG) in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

RNA interference (RNAi), which employs double-strand RNA (dsRNA) or small interference RNA (siRNA), is a popular reverse genetic manipulation tool to study gene function. Presently, there is few reports on the implementation of RNAi on the insulin-like androgenic gland gene (IAG) in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. In this study, the effective sequence of siRNA and optimal injection dose were determined, and the effects of RNAi using dsRNA, siRNA, and long-term RNAi were investigated. The results showed that the doses of 0.5 and 1 µg/g of body weight of IAG-siRNA3 produced significantly better inhibition than 0.1 µg/g. qPCR assays showed that both dsRNA and siRNA silenced the IAG expression in five tissues (brain, ventral nerve cord, androgenic gland, testis, and vas deferens) in adult P. clarkii, with the effectiveness decreasing over time, inhibiting the production of spermatid. dsRNA exhibited a longer interference effect than siRNA in adults. For long-term interference (P. clarkii juveniles were injected 7 times with 1 µg/g of body weight of IAG-dsRNA), and found that the secondary sexual characteristics of juveniles were affected, while the control group developed normally. The results of this study could lay the foundation for crayfish sex reversal with IAG RNAi, and provide the reference for those studies in which the technique of RNAi was used.

Induced terreins production from marine red algal-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus EN-539 co-cultured with symbiotic fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus EN-531.

The coculture of marine red algal-derived endophytic fungi Aspergillus terreus EN-539 and Paecilomyces lilacinus EN-531 induced the production of a new terrein derivative, namely asperterrein (1) and a known dihydroterrein (2), which were not detected in the axenic cultures of both strains. The production of the known secondary metabolites terrein (3), butyrolactone I (4), and dankasterone (6), derived from A. terreus EN-539, were depressed significantly in the coculture. Compounds 1-3 exhibited inhibitory activity against Alternaria brassicae, Escherichia coli, Physalospora piricola, and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 4 to 64 µg ml-1.

Global diversity and genetic landscape of natural populations and hatchery stocks of largemouth bass micropterus salmoides across American and Asian regions.

Although largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides has shown its extremely economic, ecological, and aquacultural significances throughout the North American and Asian continents, systematic evaluation of genetic variation and structure of wild and cultured populations of the species is yet to be documented. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of M. salmoides from 20 wild populations and five cultured stocks across the United States and China using eight microsatellite loci, which are standard genetic markers for population genetic analysis. Our major findings are as follows: (1) the result of Fst showed largemouth bass had high genetic differentiation, and the gene flow indicated the genetic exchange among wild populations is difficult; (2) AMOVA showed that 14.05% of the variation was among populations, and 85.95% of the variation was within populations; (3) The majority of largemouth bass populations had a significant heterozygosity excess, which is likely to indicate a previous population bottleneck; (4) Allelic richness was lower among cultured populations than among wild populations; (5) Effective population size in hatcheries could promote high levels of genetic variation among individuals and minimize loss of genetic diversity; China's largemouth bass originated from northern largemouth bass of USA. The information provides valuable basis for development of appropriate conservation policies for fisheries and aquaculture genetic breeding programs in largemouth bass.

De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of male, pseudo-male and female yellow perch, Perca flavescens.

Transcriptome sequencing could facilitate discovery of sex-biased genes, biological pathways and molecular markers, which could help clarify the molecular mechanism of sex determination and sexual dimorphism, and assist with selective breeding in aquaculture. Yellow perch has unique gonad system and sexual dimorphism and is an alternative model to study mechanism of sex determination, sexual dimorphism and sexual selection. In this study, we performed the de novo assembly of yellow perch gonads and muscle transcriptomes by high throughput Illumina sequencing. A total of 212,180 contigs were obtained, ranging from 127 to 64,876 bp, and N50 of 1,066 bp. The assembly RNA-Seq contigs (≥200bp) were then used for subsequent analyses, including annotation, pathway analysis, and microsatellites discovery. No female- and pseudo-male-biased genes were involved in any pathways while male-biased genes were involved in 29 pathways, and neuroactive ligand receptor interaction and enzyme of trypsin (enzyme code, EC: 3.4.21.4) was highly involved. Pyruvate kinase (enzyme code, EC: 2.7.1.40), which plays important roles in cell proliferation, was highly expressed in muscles. In addition, a total of 183,939 SNPs, 11,286 InDels and 41,479 microsatellites were identified. This study is the first report on transcriptome information in Percids, and provides rich resources for conducting further studies on understanding the molecular basis of sex determinations, sexual dimorphism, and sexual selection in fish, and for population studies and marker-assisted selection in Percids.

Mitochondrial genome of the natural tetraploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.

The mitochondrial genome of the natural tetraploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is a circular molecule of 16,645 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and two main noncoding regions (the control region and the origin of the light strand replication). Most of the genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for ND6 and eight tRNAs. All the protein-coding genes are initiated with ATG except for COX1, which began with GTG instead. However, the termination codons of 13 protein-coding genes are varied with TAA, TA-, T-- or TAG. The control region is 917 bp in length and located between the tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Phe) genes, some typical conserved elements (TAS, CSB1-3 and CSB D-F) were found in this region. All these features reflect a typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement of the tetraploid M. anguillicaudatus.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the natural hexaploid loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitididae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of the natural hexaploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is a circular molecule of 16,643 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 2 main noncoding regions (the control region and the origin of the light strand replication). Most of the genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for ND6 and eight tRNAs. The control region is 918 bp in length and located between the tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Phe) genes, some typical conserved elements (TAS, CSB1-3 and CSB D-F) were found in this region. All these features reflect a typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement of the hexaploid M. anguillicaudatus.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the natural triploid loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitididae).

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the natural triploid loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is a circular molecule of 16,646 bp in size, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 2 main noncoding regions (the control region and the origin of the light strand replication). Most of the genes are encoded on the heavy strand, except for ND6 and 8 tRNAs. The control region is 918 bp in length and located between the tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Phe) genes, some typical conserved elements (TAS, CSB1-3 and CSB D-F) were found in this region. All these features reflect a typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement of the triploid M. anguillicaudatus.

Sequence analysis and expression differentiation of chemokine receptor CXCR4b among three populations of Megalobrama amblycephala.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif), receptor 4 (CXCR4), a member of the family of seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, plays important roles in immunomodulation, organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and derailed cerebellar neuron migration. We characterized the sequences and expression profiles of CXCR4b in Megalobrama amblycephala. The full-length cDNA was 1638bp, encoding 353 amino acid residues. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that M. amblycephala CXCR4b contained the similar conservative sequences and motifs with other organisms. The CXCR4b expression in different development stages of M. amblycephala showed the mRNA levels before hatching and at 62h post fertilization (hpf) were significantly higher than at other post hatching stages (P<0.05). Besides, CXCR4b was constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues, at higher levels in headkidney, liver, intestine spleen, blood and gill, where a larger number of immune cells including lymphocytes and macrophages reside, suggesting its specific roles in inflammatory responses. The CXCR4b expression after high nitrite concentration (ρNO(2-)-N: 20.29mg/L) exposure supported a potential pro-inflammatory function for CXCR4b. In order to identify the better population with immune property for breeding, we compared the tissue expression of CXCR4b among Liangzi Lake population (L), Yuni Lake population (Y) and Poyang Lake population (P), it was indicated that the expression levels in the population Y were obviously higher than that of the other two populations.

Characteristic findings of malignant melanoma in the sinonasal cavity on magnetic resonance imaging / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Malignant sinonasal melanoma (MSM) is a rare tumor with a perplexing signal intensity due to variable histopathologic components. This study was undertaken to delineate its MR imaging features.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MR imaging findings of 10 patients (6 women and 4 men, mean age 61.3 years old) with pathologically confirmed MSM were retrospectively reviewed. The location, size, signal intensity, enhancement, and internal imaging characteristics of all tumors were evaluated. Signal intensity and degree of enhancement was graded in comparison with the gray matter and adjacent muscle uptake, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 8 tumors that were pathologically confirmed to contain melanin. Compared to gray matter of the brain, 7 of them demonstrated hyperintensity on T1WI and 6 (6/7) showed hypointensity on T2WI. There was multiple linear, dark-signal intensity on T2WI within the mass in 9 of the 10 patients' tumors. Evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced imaging, all 10 patients showed moderate enhancement within the areas that were isointense in the lesion on pregadolinium T1WI. Moreover, some parts which displayed hyperintensity on T1WI within the tumors of 7 patients showed mild enhancement that was similar to muscle on a time-intensity curve (TIC).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MSM shows characteristic MR signal intensity (hyperintensity on T1WI and the linear, low-signal intensity on T2WI), which may provide valuable information for clinical diagnosis. Together with conventional MRI, TIC may be useful for indicating pleomorphic patterns of MSM.</p>

An in vitro study on the suppressive effect of glioma cell growth induced by plasmid-based small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor.

OBJECTIVES: To study the inhibitory effects of plasmid-based siRNA targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on tumor proliferation and invasion of TJ905 glioblastoma cells. METHODS: Two siRNA expression constructs targeting human EGFR extracellular domain (516-536) and catalytic domain (2400-2420) were transfected into TJ905 cell as mediated by Lipofectamine. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to detect EGFR expression. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, cell proliferative activity was measured by MTT assay. The expression and enzymatic activity of MMP9 were measured by Western blotting and gelatin zymography. Cell invasive capability was evaluated by Transwell method. RESULTS: The expression of EGFR was knocked-down by 90 and 92, respectively in siRNA constructs transfected groups as indicated by immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. The flow cytometric analysis showed that the S phase fraction (SPF) was lowered in both siRNAs transfected cells than that in parental cells and the cells transfected with empty vector. Compared to parental cells and the cells transfected with empty vector, the survival rates of glioma cells transfected with the siRNAs dramatically dropped down from the first day after implantation (P<0.05) as indicated by MTT assay. Meanwhile, the expression and enzymatic activity of MMP9 decreased significantly in siRNAs transfected in TJ905 cells, and cell invasive potential was also greatly inhibited in the Transwell study. CONCLUSION: The siRNA expression constructs targeting EGFR could specifically suppress EGFR expression, inhibit cell growth, induce cell cycle arrest and suppress invasion. The plasmid-based siRNA targeting human EGFR approach should be a new strategy for gene therapy of malignant gliomas.

[Application of fertiloscopy in infertile women].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the advantages of fertiloscopy in the examination and therapy of infertile women. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen infertile patients underwent fertiloscopy including transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL), conventional dye-test, hysteroscopy, and dye-test using catheterization of the tubal ostium by hysteroscopy from May 2003 to Mar 2005. Access to the pouch of Douglas was achieved in 110 patients (95.7%). The primary infertile patients (primary group) and secondary infertile patients (secondary group) included respectively 49 and 61 cases. The patients of tubal occlusion in two groups were respectively 21 and 22 cases preoperatively. The fallopian tube patency, pelvic adhesions, complete evaluation (all pelvic organs seen) or not, and intra- and postoperative complications were observed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the percentage of uni- and bilateral tubal patency cases between two groups postoperatively (69.4%, 34/49 vs 68.9%, 42/61) (P > 0.05). Of the cases that were bilateral tubal occlusion in both groups preoperatively, the uni- and bilateral tubal patency cases accounted for respectively 47.6% (10/21) and 50.0% (11/22) (P > 0.05) postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the percentage of pelvic adhesions cases between two groups (42.9%, 21/49 vs 60.7%, 37/61; P > 0.05). The overall complete evaluation rate of pelvic organs was 69.1% (76/110), the rates of both groups were respectively 77.6% (38/49) and 62.3% (38/61, P > 0.05). The rate of additional transabdominal operative laparoscopy was 18.2% (20/110) after fertiloscopy, of which, the rate of primary group was only 8.2% (4/49), much less than that of secondary group (26.2%, 16/61; P < 0.05). Seventeen women underwent transabdominal operative minilaparoscopy after fertiloscopy. No complications including pelvic organ injury, rectum perforation, intra- and postoperative bleeding, and postoperative pelvic inflammation occurred. CONCLUSIONS: THL is simple, convenient, and complication-free for the infertile women. Fertiloscopy could be used as a first-line and one-stop procedure in the pelvic assessment of infertile women without clinical or ultrasound evidence of pelvic disease instead of transabdominal laparoscopy. Transabdominal laparoscopy should be only used as a complementary procedure after fertiloscopy.

[Inhibitory effects of siRNA targeting epidermal growth factor receptor on proliferation and invasion of human glioblastoma cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effects of siRNA targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the proliferation and invasion of human glioblastoma cells. METHOD: Two siRNA expression constructs using psiRNA-NeoG2 vector, that targeted sequences of human EGFR receptor L domain (516 - 536) and catalytic domain (2400 - 2420) respectively, were constructed. Human malignant glioma cells of the line TJ905 were cultured in vitro and transfected with pcDNA3-hEGFR, anti-sense RNA, blank vector psiRNA-NeoG2 (as negative control), psiRNA-NeoG2-516, and psiRNA-NeoG2-2400 respectively mediated by LipofectAMINE. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to detect the EGFR expression. Cell apoptosis was detected by apoptotic index (AI) using TUNEL method. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and cell proliferative activities were measured by MTT. The expression and enzymatic activities of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by Western blotting and gelatin zymography, and cell invasive capabilities were evaluated by Transwell-ECM method. RESULT: Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting showed that the expression of EGFR was down-regulated by 90% and 92% respectively in the siRNA constructs transfected groups, while down-regulated by 82% in the antisense EGFR RNA transfected cells in comparison with the TJ905 cells and the cells transfected with blank vector. TUNEL assay showed that almost no apoptotic cell was found in the parental cells or the cells transfected with blank vector, however, apoptosis was increased in antisense EGFR transfected cells (AI = 7.2) and siRNA constructs transfected cells (AI = 13.7 and 14.7; chi(2) = 31.549, P < 0.001). Flow cytometric analysis showed that the S phase fraction (SPF) was lowered in both siRNA constructs transfected cells than that in the parental cells, the cells transfected with blank vector, and the antisense EGFR transfected cells. MTT assay indicated that compared to the parental cells and the cells transfected with blank vector, the survival rates of transfected cells dramatically dropped down from the first day after implantation (P < 0.05), the siRNA transfected cells demonstrated much lower survival rate than the antisense EGFR transfected cells. Meanwhile, the expression and enzymatic activities of MMP-9 decreased significantly after the transfection of antisense EGFR into the TJ905 cells compared to the TJ905 cells and the cells transfected with blank vector, and were much lower in the siRNA groups than that in the antisense groups (P < 0.05). Cell invasive capability assay demonstrated the similar inhibitory results in the Transwell ECM-Matrigel study. CONCLUSION: Compared with antisense approach, siRNA expression constructs targeting EGFR specifically suppresses the EGFR expression, induces gene silencing, and inhibits cell growth and invasion. The plasmid-based siRNA approach should be a new strategy in glioma gene therapy targeting EGFR.

The conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging findings of lymphoma of the orbit / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of conventional and dynamic contrast- enhanced MRI in lymphoma of the orbit.Methods Thirteen cases of lymphoma of the orbit,including B-C (10 cases),T-C (1 case),T-NK-C (1 case)lymphoma,and multiple myeloma (1 case),were studied using conventional MR and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging with 3D fast spoiled gradient echo sequence.Calculated values included time to peak (Tpeak),washout ratio (WR),slope and enhancement ratio (ER),and time-intensity curves (TICs),and Tpeak,WR,slope and ER were calculated preoperatively.Results Eleven of the 13 lymphomas of the orbit was seen in the anterior portion of the orbit including eyelid and lacrimal gland.On conventional MRI,10 cases showed iso-intensity on T_1WI and T_2WI and all 13 cases showed moderate enhancement after contrast administration.TIC of all 13 cases showed rapid enhancing and wash-out,Tpeak was (58.7?8.5)s,and WR was (30.9?9.4)%.The accurate diagnosis with only conventional MRI was achieved in 6 out of 13 cases,while the accurate diagnosis was achieved in all 13 cases by using combined conventional MRI and dynamic enhanment MRI.Conclusion onventional MRI combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is useful for the diagnosis of lymphoma of the orbit.