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Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been recognized as a risk factor for sexual dysfunction and has attracted increasing attention. However, controversies remain regarding related research. The aim is to calculate the pooled effect size estimate for the correlation between CSA and sexual dysfunction in adults by meta-analysis. Five bibliographic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO) were comprehensively searched to clarify the association between CSA and sexual dysfunction in adults. We used a fixed-effects model to determine the total pooled effect size estimate and reported odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias analysis, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. Adults who had a history of CSA experienced a higher proportion of sexual dysfunction than adults with no history of CSA (OR = 1.68, 95% CI [1.49, 1.87]). Subgroup analysis showed that women with a history of CSA reported a higher proportion of sexual dysfunction than men with a history of CSA (men: OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.05, 1.84]; women: OR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.42, 1.83]). The estimates of the effect sizes differed substantially depending on the CSA and sexual dysfunction instruments that were used in each study and the region of each sample. This meta-analysis provides conclusive evidence of an association between CSA and sexual dysfunction in adults. Currently known interventions for the treatment of sexual dysfunction after CSA have only been evaluated in women, so specific interventions should be designed for men CSA survivors who experience sexual impairment.
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Abuso Sexual na Infância , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Masculino , Criança , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Comportamento Sexual , Fatores de Risco , SobreviventesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity rates have increased rapidly in Chinese school-age children, and previous studies have indicated that poor dietary literacy can lead to unhealthy eating behaviours. However, few studies have investigated the association between the dietary literacy of daily diet providers and the eating behaviours and nutritional status of school-age children raised by the providers. Thus, we aimed to explore this association. METHODS: We collected data on the eating behaviours and nutritional status of children in two primary schools in Anhui Province, as well as the dietary literacy of their daily diet providers. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the association. RESULTS: We found significant differences in the scores on the Questionnaire of Children's Daily Diet Providers' Dietary Literacy (QCDDPDL) by region, relationship with the child, age, and educational level of the daily diet provider (all p < .05). Moreover, the children in the low QCDDPDL score group were inclined to engage in unhealthy eating behaviours such as emotional undereating and overeating (p < .05). In addition, the incidence of overweight and obesity was higher in the low QCDDPDL attitude score group than in the high score group (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the dietary literacy of diet providers may influence children's health and eating behaviours. Improving the dietary literacy of diet providers may promote the health status and eating behaviours of school-age children.
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Estado Nutricional , Instituições Acadêmicas , Criança , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Alimentar , Dieta , ObesidadeRESUMO
Self-harm (SH) increases significantly in early adolescence with great variability, and childhood maltreatment (CM) contributes to this increase. Understanding the developmental pathway from CM to SH could provide clues for SH prevention. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to detect the phenotype of SH and explored the role of psychological resilience in the pathway from the CM to SH phenotype among 5724 early adolescents (52.5% male). Three interpretable phenotypes of SH were identified: low SH (57.8%), medium SH (29.0%), and high SH (13.2%). Furthermore, CM was positively associated with the SH phenotype, psychological resilience mediated the association between CM and the SH phenotype (all ps < 0.001), and a larger mediating effect was observed in the medium SH (22.41%). Our findings offer new perspectives that improving psychological resilience can be used as an efficient intervention to reduce the risk of SH among early adolescents who have experienced CM.
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Objective: To present an approach to phenotyping ACEs and explore the association between ACEs and adolescent health risky behaviors based on the social context of China. Methods: Totally, 5,726 adolescents aged 12-18 years were investigated about their ACEs in the family, peer, school, and personal domains and the occurrence of six types of risky health behaviors (i.e., smoking, drinking, sexual intercourse, self-harm, and suicidal ideation and attempts). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to explore the ACE patterns. Results: Six latent classes of ACEs were identified, including low adversity, school adversity, school adversity and peer victimization, peer victimization, maltreatment and peer victimization, and high adversity, and associated with risky health behaviors in adolescents. Being physically punished by a teacher, experiencing sexual abuse, and experiencing family trauma most strongly differentiated from the six ACE classes and were correlated with an increased risk for risky adolescent health behaviors. Conclusion: This study supports a positive association between ACEs and risky adolescent health behaviors. Peer victimization, school adversity and associated contexts need to be considered in future ACE studies.
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Experiências Adversas da Infância , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde , Humanos , Fenótipo , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The incidence of infertility has recently risen. Semen quality is an important male fertility indicator, and dietary factors can affect semen quality. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of healthy dietary patterns on semen quality. A literature search was conducted in 3 databases (Embase, Web of Science and PubMed) on August 21, 2021. The included cross-sectional studies examined the influence of the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and prudent diet patterns on semen quality parameters; six studies (1244 subjects) were included. By comparing high consumption with low consumption of healthy dietary patterns, the results of the meta-analysis showed significantly higher sperm concentrations (mean difference [MD] = 6.88 × 106 ml-1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26 × 106 ml-1-12.49 × 106 ml-1; P < 0.05), a significant increase in total sperm count (MD = 16.70 × 106, 95% CI: 2.37 × 106-31.03 × 106; P < 0.05), and a significant increase in progressive sperm motility (MD = 5.85%, 95% CI: 2.59%-9.12%; P < 0.01). The sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, and total sperm count were significantly higher in men with higher versus lower consumption of healthy dietary patterns. However, the results must be interpreted with caution.
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Infertilidade Masculina , Análise do Sêmen , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Sêmen , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A strong link between childhood maltreatment (CM) and borderline personality features (BPF) has been consistently demonstrated. However, little is known about the role of psychological adjustment (PA) as a mediator of this relationship. The purpose of the study was to explore the mediating role of PA in the CM-BPF linkage in a large sample of early adolescents. METHODS: A total of 5724 students (mean age = 13.5, SD = 1.0) were recruited from three middle schools by using the multistage random cluster sampling method in Anhui Province, China. Participants were required to complete self-report questionnaires regarding CM experience, self-perceived PA and BPF. Mediation analyses were computed via structural equation modelling. RESULTS: CM victimization was positively associated with BPF, and individuals with lower levels of PA were more likely to present with BPF. Mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of CM on BPF via PA (effect = 0.047, 95 % CI: 0.035, 0.058). LIMITATION: The cross-sectional design of this study did not allow testing causality. The retrospective investigation of CM history could cause recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: PA partially mediates the relationship between CM and BPF. These findings have important implications for considering PA as a protective factor in this relationship.
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Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Adolescente , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Ajustamento Emocional , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adolescent homicide rates have aroused global concern and better understanding of factors relating to homicidal ideation is critical. This study aimed to explore the correlates of homicidal ideation in a cross-sectional school-based sample of Chinese early adolescents. METHODS: The data were obtained from the cross-sectional project 'Health and Risky Behaviors among Middle School Students in Anhui Province, China', which was conducted in November 2020. The entire sample of 5724 middle school students who completed the questionnaires was included in the present study. Network analysis was employed to examine the correlates of homicidal ideation at three levels: individual (sex, academic performance, childhood trauma, aggression, anxiety, severe physical illness), family (family economic status, family violence, parental crime, parental mental illness, relationship with father, relationship with mother), and school (school-bullying victimization and perpetration, relationship with classmates, teacher support). Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate sex differences. RESULTS: In the whole sample, 11.7 % of students reported homicidal ideation in the past six months. Network analyses revealed that individual-level (childhood maltreatment, aggression and anxiety) and school-level (teacher support, school-bullying victimization and perpetration) factors were associated with homicidal ideation. Sensitivity analyses showed that homicidal ideation was associated with academic performance and school-bullying victimization in boys but not in girls, although the sex differences were not significant. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design of this study limited the inference of causality. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified some correlates of homicidal ideation and provided some novel insights into homicide prevention and intervention in Chinese early adolescents.
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Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Transtornos Mentais , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ideação SuicidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: As an important alternative to bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF) is widely used and can be detected in multiple human biological samples. However, there are few studies on neurotoxicity of BPAF at present. In particular, no epidemiological studies have investigated BPAF in relation to depressive symptoms in adolescents. Here, our study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum BPAF concentrations and depressive symptoms in adolescents. METHODS: A nested case-control study within an ongoing longitudinal prospective adolescent cohort that was established in Huaibei, China was conducted. A total of 175 participants who had new-onset depressive symptoms (cases) and 175 participants without depressive symptoms (controls) were included. Serum BPAF concentrations was measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The associations between BPAF exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents were assessed using conditional logistic regression. The dose-response relationship between BPAF level and depressive symptoms was estimated using restricted cubic spline analyses. RESULTS: In this study, the detection rate of serum BPAF was 100%, and the median (interquartile range, IQR) serum BPAF concentration was 5.24 (4.41-6.11) pg/mL in the case group and 4.86 (4.02-5.77) pg/mL in the control group (P = 0.009). Serum BPAF exposure was a risk factor for depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR)= 1.132, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.013-1.264). After adjustment for all for confounders, compared with the low-exposure group, the high-exposure group had a 2.806-fold increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR=2.806, 95% CI: 1.188-6.626). Stratified analysis by sex revealed that males were more vulnerable to BPAF exposure than females. After adjustment for all confounders, compared with the low-exposure group, the relative risk of depressive symptoms in the high-exposure group was 3.858 (95% CI: 1.118-12.535) for males, however, no significant association between BPAF exposure and depressive symptoms was found in females. In addition, there was a marked linear association between BPAF exposure and the risk of depressive symptoms in the total population and in males. CONCLUSIONS: The adolescents in this study were widely exposed to low levels of BPAF. A significant positive association was found between serum BPAF levels and the risk of depressive symptoms. The association was significantly modified by sex, and males were more vulnerable to BPAF exposure than females.
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Compostos Benzidrílicos , Depressão , Adolescente , Compostos Benzidrílicos/química , Compostos Benzidrílicos/toxicidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , China/epidemiologia , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Fluorocarbonos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent depression are both prevalent social problems that can increase the risk of several negative health consequences throughout life. The original definition of ACEs misdirects the focus of intervention efforts for ACEs to only family dysfunction and parenting practices. We used a broader definition of ACEs and a latent class analysis (LCA) model to examine ACE patterns, aiming to overcome the shortcomings of cumulative and single adversity approaches based on the special social context of China. The data were derived from a middle school in Huaibei City of Anhui Province in 2019 and 2020, which was a prospective study involving 1687 junior high school students. At the initial evaluation (T1), ACEs, psychological resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms were assessed by the students. At Time 2 (T2), the depressive symptoms of students were assessed. LCA and mediation analyses were conducted with Mplus version 8.2. The LCA identified the following three heterogeneous ACE classes: "low adversity" (36.4%), "moderate adversity" (44.2%), and "high adversity" (19.4%). The mediation analysis showed that the ACE patterns affected depressive symptoms through the following two mediation paths only in the moderate but not in the high adversity class: self-esteem alone and a path combining psychological resilience and self-esteem. Psychological resilience separately did not mediate the association between ACE patterns and depressive symptoms. To reduce depressive symptoms, interventions for students with ACEs need to improve self-esteem through many channels.
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Experiências Adversas da Infância , Resiliência Psicológica , Adolescente , China , Depressão , Humanos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a life stage with a high risk of depression, sleep disorders and school bullying. The aim of this study is to examine the longitudinal relationships between school bullying (bullying victimization and bullying perpetration), depressive symptoms and sleep problems among adolescents and to consider whether the direct pathways vary by gender. METHODS: The study included 1687 7th grade students (60.4% boys) recruited from a middle school in southeastern China. We collected self-reports of school bullying, depressive symptoms and sleep problems from 2019 (T1) and 2020 (T2) among adolescents. A series of gender-specified cross-lagged paths in a structural equation model was used for the primary analysis. RESULTS: The models revealed evidence for bidirectional associations between school bullying, depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Among girls, higher bullying perpetration at T1 predicted fewer sleep problems and depressive symptoms at T2, while bullying victimization significantly predicted poor quality of sleep and severe depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sleep problems at T1 positively predicted bullying perpetration and victimization at T2 in boys but not in girls. For both boys and girls, severe depressive symptoms significantly predicted more victimization and sleep problems, and sleep problems were positively associated with depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The sample is unrepresentative, as it is from only one middle school. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that school bullying, depressive symptoms and sleep problems were interrelated across time and that acknowledging gender differences is important.
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Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Adolescente , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Instituições Acadêmicas , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Not all young people who have experienced childhood abuse and neglect will become depressed or have the same degree of depression. Psychological resilience may probably lead to part of the difference according to previous studies. To observe the association between childhood abuse and neglect and depression and analyze whether psychological resilience has mediating and moderating effects on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional sampling with a self-report questionnaire used to measure childhood abuse and neglect, psychological resilience, and depression of college students was conducted in four universities in Hefei City, in October 2018. SPSS PROCESS was used to test the hypotheses of mediating and moderating effects. RESULTS: Among 4034 students, 58.1% were boys and 41.9% were girls, the average age was 20.4 years (SD = 1.4). A positive association between childhood abuse and neglect and depression was found in the population, whereas negative relationships between psychological resilience and depression, and childhood abuse and neglect were observed (r = 0.251, -0.477, and -0.196, respectively, p < 0.001). For the mediating effect of psychological resilience, the 1000-sample bootstrap demonstrated that the indirect effect was statistically significant (ß = 0.073, 95% CI: 0.057-0.092). For the moderating effect, R-square increased because the interaction effect was statistically significant (ΔR2 = 0.008, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study supported the conclusion of previous studies that psychological resilience mediates and moderates the process of depression. Future research can further reveal the role of psychological resilience by examining different types of childhood abuse and neglect.
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Maus-Tratos Infantis , Resiliência Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has brought huge changes to people's lifestyles, college students have also been affected seriously. Evidence about these significant changes indicated that college students were more prone to feel anxious and depressed. To derive a precise assessment of the prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom among college students worldwide, we conducted this meta-analysis. METHODS: Based on the guidance of PRISMA, literature was searched in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycArticles (last search November 6, 2020). These articles after the screening were analyzed by a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom. Also, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed in this meta-analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the pooled anxiety symptom prevalence was 31% (95% CI: 23-39%), pooled depressive symptom prevalence was 34% (95% CI: 27-41%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom among different countries' college students were different, and the pooled depressive symptom prevalence of females was higher compared with males. LIMITATIONS: The prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom in worldwide college students could be better assessed by a standard and reliable questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the prevalence of anxiety symptom and depressive symptom during the COVID-19 pandemic is relatively high. Except for interventions that should be taken to control the pandemic urgently, mental health services are also needed to decrease the risk of anxiety and depression among college students.
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Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Prevalência , SARS-CoV-2 , EstudantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A certain link between sexual abuse (SA) victimization and suicidal behaviors has been confirmed, but it remains unclear whether this association varies with regard to SA characteristics and gender. METHODS: Participants were 4034 college students drawn from a cross-sectional study conducted in Hefei, China. Gender-stratified latent class analysis (LCA) and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between timing, duration, types and patterns of SA victimization and suicidal behaviors. RESULTS: For the males, SA in the elementary school or earlier period was associated with suicidal ideation (OR: 3.29, 95%CI: 2.20-5.38), plans (OR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.54-7.77) and preparations (OR:3.05, 95% CI: 1.19-7.74). All types of SA were significantly associated with the four types of suicidal behaviors. Dose-response relationship and cumulative effect were found between duration, types of SA victimization and suicidal behaviors. Three latent classes of SA victimization were identified for males and females, respectively. For males, the "moderate SA" class and "persistent SA" class were associated with the four types of suicidal behaviors. For the females, SA during the university period was associated with suicidal ideation (OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.24-4.93). Only suicidal ideation was associated with the "moderate SA" class. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional survey design did not allow to conclude any causality. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between SA victimization and suicidal behaviors varies in terms of SA victimization characteristics and the relationships were stronger in males than in females.
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Vítimas de Crime , Delitos Sexuais , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudantes , Ideação Suicida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The study on the relationships between two copepod species Eurytemor affinis and Sinocalanus tenellus and Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis larvae in the ecological breeding ponds of E. sinensis larvae in Liaohe Delta district of Panjing City, Liaoning Province showed that E. affinis and S. tenellus had significant effects on the survival rate of first stage zoae (Z1). The higher the density of the two copepod species, the lower the survival rate of Z, was (P < 0.01). Third stage zoae (Z3) could prey on the copepods nauplii, and the feeding amount was increased with the increasing density of the nauplii (P < 0.01). Fifth stage zoae (Z5) and megalopae could easily prey on E. affinis, but not on S. tenellus. The megalopae yield in the ecological breeding ponds was negatively correlated with the quantity of the copepods during early breeding stage of E. sinensis larvae, and there was a significant difference among the megalopae yields when different quantity of copepods existed (P < 0.01). Some measures for controlling and utilizing the copepods in ecological breeding ponds of E. sinensis larvae were put forward.