RESUMO
We present a framework to compute amplitudes for the gravitational analog of the Raman process, a quasielastic scattering of waves off compact objects, in worldline effective field theory. As an example, we calculate third post-Minkowskian order [O(G^{3})], or two-loop, phase shifts for the scattering of a massless scalar field including all tidal effects and dissipation. Our calculation unveils two sources of the classical renormalization-group flow of dynamical Love numbers: a universal running independent of the nature of the compact object, and a running self-induced by tides. Restricting to the black hole case, we find that our effective field theory phase shifts agree exactly with those from general relativity, provided that the relevant static Love numbers are set to zero. In addition, we carry out a complete matching of the leading scalar dynamical Love number required to renormalize a universal short scale divergence in the S wave. Our results pave the way for systematic calculations of gravitational Raman scattering at higher post-Minkowskian orders.
RESUMO
The mechanical forces play an important role in both the normal physiology and the pathology of the cardiovascular system. It was observed that an increase in speed of rotary flow of the intact erythrocyte suspension resulted in increase in the rate of glucose entry across the erythrocyte membranes. The effects of osmotic stress and a membrane curvature-altering drug, chlorpromazine, on the glucose and anion transport were also shown. The decrease in the activation energy for glucose and anion transport according to Arrhenius plot for temperature dependence of membrane transport meant that thermodynamic barrier for transporter reorientation in the membranes was reduced. The data from the measurement of intrinsic fluorescence quench in ghosts indicated that the conformations of both glucose transport protein (GLUT1) and anion transport protein (band 3) in the erythrocyte membranes were affected by the mechanical force factors. After inhibition of anion transport, a modification of the response of glucose transport by the mechanical force was observed, which also indicates that there is an information linkage between GLUT1 and band 3 in the erythrocyte membranes.
