Cathodically Coupled Electrolysis to Access Biheteroaryls.

An electrochemical approach to biheteroaryls through the coupling of diverse N-heteroarenes with heteroaryl phosphonium salts is reported. The reaction features pH and redox-neutral conditions and excellent regioselectivity, as well as exogenous air or moisture tolerance. Additionally, a one-pot, two-step protocol can be established to realize formal C-H/C-H coupling of heteroarenes, thereby greatly expanding the substrate availability. The utility of this method is demonstrated through late-stage functionalization, the total synthesis of nitraridine, and antifungal activity studies.

Identifying loss threshold and migration trajectory in the management of Suaeda salsa wetland under coastal squeeze.

The coastal salt marsh wetland is mainly located in the tidal area where sea and land are intertwined, which has the functions of promoting silt and consolidating beach, wave reduction and disaster reduction, and is an ecological barrier against erosion in the coastal zone, which has important ecological value. Nevertheless, owing to the intricate nature of wetland species formation mechanisms and community distribution patterns, the impact of coastal squeeze on Suaeda salsa wetlands loss may not exhibit a linear relationship, necessitating further elucidation of the specific processes involved. Precisely understanding the extent to which coastal squeeze affects the threshold of loss in the Suaeda salsa wetland holds immense importance in safeguarding the distinctive red beach landscape. Furthermore, it represents a pivotal scientific challenge that necessitates resolution in the management of coastal wetlands for their protection and restoration. Hence, drawing upon the theoretical framework concerning the impact of coastal squeeze on the degradation of coastal Suaeda salsa wetland, this study employs the representative silty coastal region of China's northern Liaodong Bay as a case study to conduct empirical investigation. The research integrates Landsat imagery and digital elevation data, and incorporates spatial autocorrelation, elastic coefficient analysis, and barycenter model analysis to examine the threshold of degradation and spatial variations of Suaeda salsa wetland in response to coastal squeeze. The results show that: (1) The risk intensity of coastal squeeze in the study area exhibited a pattern of initial decline followed by an increase from 1995 to 2020, with the highest risk areas predominantly located in the development zone on the eastern bank of the Liao River Estuary. (2) There was a positive correlation between the growth of the coastal squeeze index and the loss of the Suaeda salsa wetland. When the proportion of area in which the coastal squeeze deteriorates reached 43.9%, the Suaeda salsa wetland lose resilience against the impact of coastal squeeze, leading to an intensified rate of loss. (3) Compared with the west side of the Liao River, the critical area of coastal squeeze and the loss barycenter of the Suaeda salsa wetland on the east side of the Liao River have a greater range of changes. The planning and management of coastal ecological restoration necessitates considering the occurrence conditions of the coastal squeeze impact threshold on the loss threshold of wetland and the migration characteristics of the wetland loss area. This approach enables the timely control of coastal squeeze risk intensity in the area and the preservation of wetlands' resistance to external disturbances. Consequently, it holds immense importance for the sustainable development of coastal wetlands.

Cobalt-electrocatalytic C-H hydroxyalkylation of N-heteroarenes with trifluoromethyl ketones.

Trifluoromethyl carbinols and N-heteroarenes are both prevalent in bioactive molecules. However, access to high-value pharmacophores combining these two functional groups still remains a challenge. Herein, we report an electro-chemical redox-neutral coupling for the synthesis of N-heteroaryl trifluoromethyl carbinols from readily available N-heteroarenes and trifluoromethyl ketones. The reaction starts with reversing the polarity of ketones to nucleophilic ketyl radicals through an electrocatalytic proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), followed by radical addition to heteroarenes and rearomatization to afford tertiary alcohol products. Importantly, the merging of paired electrolysis and cobalt catalysis is crucial to this regioselective C-H hydroxyalkylation of heteroarenes, and thus avoids several known competing pathways including the spin-center shift (SCS) process. Collectively, this protocol provides straightforward access to heteroaryl trifluoromethyl carbinols, featuring ideal atom economy, excellent regioselectivity, and paired redox-neutral electrolysis.