Ruminal microbiota composition associated with ruminal fermentation parameters and milk yield in lactating buffalo in Guangxi, China-A preliminary study.

The ruminal microbiota of 15 dairy buffalo was characterized using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed that Bacteroidetes was the dominant bacterial phylum in all rumen samples, followed by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia. Butyrivibrio was positively correlated with average milk fat yield (R = 0.55; p = 0.03), average milk total solid yield (R = 0.56; p = 0.03) and standard milk yield (R = 0.52; p = 0.05). Acinetobacter were positively correlated with average milk protein yield (R = 0.56; p = 0.03), average milk total solid yield (R = 0.60; p = 0.02) and standard milk yield (R = 0.57; p = 0.03). Acetobacter was positively correlated with acetate (R = 0.63; p = 0.01), propionate content (R = 0.55; p = 0.03), butyrate content (R = 0.61; p = 0.02) and total VFA (R = 0.62; p = 0.01). The phyla Proteobacteria (R = 0.53; p = 0.04) and genus Prevotella (R = 0.52; p = 0.05) were positively correlated with butyrate content. Correlation analysis suggested that increased Butyrivibrio and Acinetobacter residing in the buffalo rumen could improve milk performance.

Analysis of the correlation between bacteria and fungi in sugarcane tops silage prior to and after aerobic exposure.

The correlation between bacteria and fungi in sugarcane tops silage prior to and after aerobic exposure was analyzed. The results showed that the abundance of Lactobacillus increased from 0.03% to 27.84% from d 0-60. Additionally, the abundance of Pichia also increased from 0.003% to 15.46% from d 0-60. Following aerobic exposure, the abundance of Lactobacillus increased by 42.39% at d 3. Moreover, Pichia was the dominant fungal genus after aerobic exposure. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that Pichia was positively correlated with the genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus, but negatively correlated with the genera Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia. Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Fusarium were positively correlated with the genera Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus, but negatively correlated with the genera Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia. Spearman's correlation also suggested that Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Fusarium could be inhibited by screening Serratia, thereby reducing mycotoxins in silage.

Dynamic changes in fermentation profiles and bacterial community composition during sugarcane top silage fermentation: A preliminary study.

Investigating the dynamic changes in bacterial community composition during sugarcane top silage production starting in late March and finishing in late June (storage temperature: 20 to 35 °C) will advance our understanding of ensilage in hot ambient temperatures. The results showed that, the fermentation process was dominated by Leuconostocaceae (until d 5), followed by Lactobacillaceae (from d 5 to d 30), and finally Lactobacillaceae and Clostridium (from d 60 to d 90). As the fermentation process progressed, there was a significant increase in Lactobacillaceae abundance, and on d 60 there was a sharp increase in Clostridiaceae abundance. Spearman's correlation showed that, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc abundance were negatively correlated with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ammonia-N levels. Clostridiaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundance were positively correlated with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and ammonia-N levels. The high moisture content (DM 24.31%) of sugarcane tops stored in hot ambient temperatures may result in butyric acid fermentation.

FTO reduces mitochondria and promotes hepatic fat accumulation through RNA demethylation.

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is a RNA demethylase, whether FTO regulates fat metabolism through its demethylation is unclear. The results of this study confirmed that N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) is associated with fat accumulation both in vivo and in vitro. The data showed that FTO down-regulated m6 A levels, decreased mitochondrial content, and increased triglyceride (TG) deposition. However, an FTO (R316A) mutant lacking demethylation activity could not regulate mitochondria and TG content, indicating that FTO affects mitochondrial content and fat metabolism by modulating m6 A levels in hepatocytes. In addition, the regulatory roles of cycloleucine (methylation inhibitor) and betaine (methyl donor) could regulate m6 A levels and fat deposition. This work clarified that the demethylation function of FTO plays an essential role in the fat metabolism of hepatocytes and links the epigenetic modification of RNA with fat deposition, thereby providing a new target (m6 A) for regulation of hepatic fat metabolism.