Association of paraoxonase polymorphisms with carotid artery atherosclerosis in essential hypertension patients.

We investigated the relationships between paraoxonase genetic polymorphisms and essential hypertension in carotid artery atherosclerotic patients. The study included 353 Han participants and 240 Uighur participants from Xinjiang; they were further divided into two groups: essential hypertension with carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAAD group) and essential hypertension without carotid artery atherosclerosis (control group). Genotypes were detected by PCR, followed by restriction analyses with specific endonucleases. In Han people, the M allele frequency was significantly higher in the CAAD group than in the control group. The CC/CS genotype and C allele frequencies were significantly higher in the CAAD group than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PON1 55M allele [odds ratio (OR) = 1.889] and PON2 311C allele (OR = 1.692) are independent risk factors for CAAD. Combined genotype analysis showed that PON1 55M and PON2 311C alleles are independent risk factors for CAAD (OR = 1.428). In the Uighur population, the CC/ CS genotype and C allele frequencies were significantly higher in the CAAD group than in the control group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the PON2 311C allele is an independent risk factor for CAAD. We conclude that the PON1 55M and PON2 311C alleles are independent risk factors for CAAD in essential hypertension patients from the Xinjiang Han population. We also conclude that the PON2 311C allele is a risk factor for CAAD in essential hypertension patients from the Xinjiang Uighur population.

Association between the TRAIL single nucleotide polymorphism rs1131580 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Han Chinese population.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is expressed in different tissues and cells, including the pancreas and lymphocytes, and it can selectively induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in most normal cells. TRAIL plays critical roles in type 1 diabetes mellitus, and is involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We recently discovered the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a risk factor for T2DM, with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TRAIL (TNFSF10) gene at site 1595C/T (rs1131580), indicating the possible association of T2DM with this TRAIL polymorphism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the TRAIL SNP at site 1595C/T (rs1131580) with T2DM susceptibility and the biometabolic parameters of T2DM in a Han Chinese population. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to genotype SNP rs1131580 in 292 patients with T2DM and 266 healthy controls. We found that the frequency of the CC genotype and that of the C allele of rs1131580 were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in the control group. Additionally, the triglyceride and serum creatinine levels of T2DM patients with the CC genotype were significantly higher than those of patients with the TT genotype. Thus, the CC genotype of the TRAIL SNP at 1595C/T (rs1131580) confers increased susceptible to T2DM in a Han Chinese population from Shandong Province. These data suggest that the CC genotype at this SNP is related to diabetic severity and it might be a candidate for the prognostic assessment of T2DM.