Di- and octa-nuclear dysprosium clusters derived from pyridyl-triazole based ligand: {Dy2} showing single molecule magnetic behaviour.

Two dysprosium aggregates, formulated as [Dy2(µ-OH)2(H2bpte)2Cl2(MeOH)2]Cl2 (1), and [Dy8(µ-OH)8(bpte)8]·24H2O (2) (H2bpte = 1,2-bis(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)ethane), were obtained using solvothermal reactions. Upon changing the metal salt and synthetic reaction conditions, an eight-member {Dy8} (2) ring was isolated. Complex 1 is centrosymmetric in which two {Dy2} clusters are connecting to each other through the hydrogen bonding. Complex 2 forms an eight-member DyIII ring with an inner diameter of 4.5 Å and is the first reported {Dy8(µ-OH)8} core in lanthanide-hydroxo clusters. The H2bpte ligand displays trans,trans- and cis,cis-coordination modes in 1 and 2, respectively. Alternating current (ac) magnetic measurements of both complexes were carried out. In 1, the out-of-phase susceptibilities (χ''M) below 9 K confirm the slow relaxation of magnetization, which is a typical characteristic of single-molecule magnets (SMMs).

Forensic proteomics of poxvirus production.

The field of microbial forensics has recently sought to develop methods to discern biological signatures to indicate production methods for biological agents. Viral agents have received less attention to date. Their obligate propagation in living cells makes purification from cellular material a challenge. This leads to potential carryover of protein-rich signatures of their production system. Here we have explored a proteomic analysis of vaccinia virus as a model poxvirus system in which to compare samples of virus propagated in different cell lines and subjected to different purification schemes. The proteomic data sets indicated viral, host cell and culture medium proteins. Several layers of data analysis were applied to build confidence in the peptide identification and capture information on the taxonomic utility of each. The analysis showed clear shifts in protein profiles with virus purification, with successive gradient purification steps showing different levels of viral protein enrichment. Peptides from cellular proteins, including those present in purified virus preparations, provided signatures which enabled discrimination of cell line substrates, including distinguishing between cells derived from different primate species. The ability to discern multiple aspects of viral production demonstrates the potential value of proteomic analysis as tool for microbial forensics.

Lanthanide oxide clusters: from tetrahedral [Dy4(µ4-O)](10+) to supertetrahedral [Ln20(µ4-O)11]38+ (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er).

Supertetrahedral clusters: A family of lanthanide oxide supertetrahedral T3{Ln20} clusters (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er; see figure) were obtained from the solvothermal reaction of lanthanide(III) salts with polytriazolate ligands that could be methylated and oxidized in situ.

An adenovirus vectored mucosal adjuvant augments protection of mice immunized intranasally with an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes severe morbidity and economic losses to the livestock industry in many countries. The oral and respiratory mucosae are the main ports of entry of FMDV, so the stimulation of local immunity in these tissues may help prevent initial infection and viral spread. E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) has been described as one of the few molecules that have adjuvant activity at mucosal surfaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of replication-defective adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vectors encoding either of two LT-based mucosal adjuvants, LTB or LTR72. These vectored adjuvants were delivered intranasally to mice concurrent with an Ad5-FMDV vaccine (Ad5-A24) to assess their ability to augment mucosal and systemic humoral immune responses to Ad5-A24 and protection against FMDV. Mice receiving Ad5-A24 plus Ad5-LTR72 had higher levels of mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies than those receiving Ad5-A24 alone or Ad5-A24 plus Ad5-LTB. The vaccine plus Ad5-LTR72 group also demonstrated 100% survival after intradermal challenge with a lethal dose of homologous FMDV serotype A24. These results suggest that Ad5-LTR72 could be used as an important tool to enhance mucosal and systemic immunity against FMDV and potentially other pathogens with a common route of entry.

Meningitis caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri in a goat.

A 2-year-old, female goat from Connecticut was submitted for necropsy with a 5-day history of pyrexia and intermittent neurologic signs, including nystagmus, seizures, and circling. Postmortem examination revealed suppurative meningitis. Histologic examination of the brain revealed that the meninges were diffusely infiltrated by moderate numbers of lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibrin, with scattered foci of dense neutrophilic infiltrate. Culture of pus and brainstem yielded typical mycoplasma colonies. DNA sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed 99% sequence homology with Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri and Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Large Colony biotype, which are genetically indistinguishable and likely to be combined as a single subspecies labeled M. mycoides subsp. capri. The present case is unusual in that not only are mycoplasma an uncommon cause of meningitis in animals, but additionally, in that all other reported cases of mycoplasma meningitis in goats, systemic lesions were also present. In the present case, meningitis was the only lesion, thus illustrating the need to consider mycoplasma as a differential diagnosis for meningitis in goats.

P159 is a proteolytically processed, surface adhesin of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: defined domains of P159 bind heparin and promote adherence to eukaryote cells.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, colonizes the respiratory cilia of affected swine causing significant economic losses to swine production worldwide. Heparin is known to inhibit adherence of M. hyopneumoniae to porcine respiratory epithelial cilia. M. hyopneumoniae cells bind heparin but the identity of the heparin-binding proteins is limited. Proteomic analysis of M. hyopneumoniae lysates identified 27 kDa (P27), 110 kDa (P110) and 52 kDa (P52) proteins representing different regions of a 159 kDa (P159) protein derived from mhp494. These cleavage fragments were surface located and present at all growth stages. Following purification of four recombinant proteins spanning P159 (F1P159, F2P159, F3P159 and F4P159), only F3P159 and F4P159 bound heparin in a dose-dependent manner (K(d) values 142.37 +/- 22.01 nM; 75.37 +/- 7.34 nM respectively). Scanning electron microscopic studies showed M. hyopneumoniae bound intimately to porcine kidney epithelial-like cells (PK15 cells) but these processes were inhibited by excess heparin and F4P159. Similarly, latex beads coated with F2P159 and F4P159 adhered to and entered PK15 cells, but heparin, F2P159 and F4P159 was inhibitory. These findings indicate that P159 is a post-translationally cleaved, glycosaminoglycan-binding adhesin of M. hyopneumoniae.

Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma sphenisci sp. nov. from the choana of an aquarium-reared jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus).

Strain UCMJ was isolated from the choana of a jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus) with recurrent mucocaseous choanal discharge. Isolation of this mycoplasma expands the known range of species hosting mycoplasmas. The name Mycoplasma sphenisci sp. nov. is proposed for this new species, for which strain UCMJ is the type strain.