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1.
Rev Med Liege ; 77(5-6): 377-383, 2022 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35657197

RESUMO

The therapeutic prospects for patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis completely changed in 2017 with the arrival of the first targeted therapy, dupilumab. Achieving important clinical improvement scores are now possible with this monoclonal antibody directed against interleukins 4 and 13. Since that time, other agents such as tralokinumab arrived on the market, but also the small molecules called «JAK inhibitors¼ (upadacitinib, baricitinib, etc.). This article provides an inventory of the existing or imminent therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis.


: Les perspectives thérapeutiques pour les patients atteints de dermatite atopique modérée à sévère ont été complètement bouleversées en 2017 avec l'arrivée sur le marché de la première thérapie ciblée, le dupilumab. Cet anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre les interleukines 4 et 13 permet d'atteindre des scores d'amélioration clinique encore inespérés il y a quelques années. Depuis, d'autres biothérapies comme le tralokinumab sont arrivés sur le marché européen, mais également des petites molécules appelées «inhibiteurs JAK¼ (upadacitinib, baricitinib, etc.). Cet article présente un état des lieux des options thérapeutiques existantes ou imminentes pour la prise en charge de la dermatite atopique.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(9): 651-656, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34477334

RESUMO

Köbner's phenomenon and its related phenomena are dermatological curiosities that are still partially misunderstood. The Köbner phenomenon is by far the best known and the most studied. It is characterized as the appearance of an inflammatory or infectious dermatosis in an area of healthy skin after skin trauma. The dermatoses most frequently concerned are psoriasis, lichen planus and vitiligo. The inverse Köbner phenomenon and the Renbök phenomenon are two very similar phenomena. The first represents the disappearance of a skin lesion after skin trauma. The second is characterized by a skin trauma that is more specifically induced by another dermatosis. Finally, the Wolf's isotopic phenomenon corresponds to the appearance of a new dermatosis on an area of the skin that was previously the site of another healed dermatosis.


Le phénomène de Köbner et les phénomènes qui lui sont apparentés sont des curiosités dermatologiques, encore partiellement incomprises. Le phénomène de Köbner est de loin le plus connu et le plus étudié. Il correspond à l'apparition d'une lésion cutanée caractéristique d'une dermatose en zone de peau saine après traumatisme cutané. Parmi les dermatoses concernées, on peut citer le psoriasis, le lichen plan et le vitiligo. Le phénomène de Köbner inverse et le phénomène de Renbök sont deux phénomènes très similaires. Il s'agit de la disparition d'une lésion cutanée après traumatisme cutané pour le phénomène de Köbner inverse. Ce traumatisme cutané est induit plus spécifiquement par une autre dermatose dans le phénomène de Renbök. Enfin, le phénomène isotopique de Wolf correspond à l'apparition d'une nouvelle dermatose sur une zone cutanée qui a précédemment été le siège d'une autre dermatose guérie.


Assuntos
Dermatologia , Psoríase , Dermatopatias , Humanos , Dermatopatias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia
3.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(5-6): 489-495, 2021 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34080385

RESUMO

The management of melanoma is a typical example of a pluridisciplinary approach, in order to provide the patient with a rapid and adequate treatment plan after the initial diagnosis. Both in the domains of dermatology, pathology and oncology, enormous progress has been made. Recent advances permit a rapid access to diagnostic techniques using teledermoscopy, an improved diagnostic accuracy using dermoscopy, pre-interventional high-frequency ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, a determination of risk factors using immunohistochemistry and genetic analyses on the pathology samples. Furthermore, the development of immunotherapies, in particular the anti-PD1 antibodies, and the directed therapies, therapies permitting an increased number of patients to experience an increased survival with an acceptable tolerance profile in the event of metastatic lesions. This article describes the patient's care pathway, from the initial diagnosis, staging, to an eventual treatment and follow-up.


Le traitement du mélanome est un exemple type de collaboration multidisciplinaire, afin de pouvoir garantir au patient une prise en charge rapide dès le moment de la détection de la lésion. Tant au niveau dermatologique, anatomopathologique et oncologique, d'énormes progrès ont eu lieu ces dernières années. Ils permettent un accès au diagnostic de plus en rapide par la télédermoscopie, une précision diagnostique accrue par la dermoscopie, l'ultrason à haute fréquence et la tomographie par cohérence optique, une détermination des facteurs de risque immunohistochimiques et génétiques sur les analyses anatomo-pathologiques ainsi que le recours à des immunothérapies, notamment les anti-PD1, et à des traitements ciblés. Ces nouveaux traitements permettent souvent une plus longue survie du patient, avec un profil de tolérance acceptable en cas de lésions métastatiques. Cet article reprend le trajet de soins du patient, du diagnostic initial et du staging au traitement éventuel avec son suivi.


Assuntos
Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Dermoscopia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Imunoterapia , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/terapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia
4.
Rev Med Liege ; 76(4): 224-231, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33830684

RESUMO

Recently, brentuximab vedotin (BV) (Adcetris®) obtained the reimbursement in Belgium for the treatment of the primary cutaneous NKT-cell lymphomas mycosis fungoides (MF), large cell anaplastic lymphoma and lymphomatoid papulosis type A. BV is a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD30 expressed on tumoral T cells. The inhibition of this pathway releases the process of apoptosis leading to the cell death of the tumoral cells. BV is reimbursed after the use of another systemic treatment without success and if the number of CD30 positive atypical T-cells is larger than 10 %. BV is administered intravenously every 3 weeks with a dosing of 1,8 mg/kg with a maximum of 16 courses. The response rates exceed 75 %. In some instances, interesting treatment responses have been observed with BV in CD30 negative patients. The principal adverse effects are neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy. Two patients are presented with longstanding multi-resistant MF that were successfully treated with BV.


Récemment, le brentuximab védotine (BV) (Adcetris®) a obtenu le remboursement en Belgique pour le traitement du lymphome cutané primitif de type mycosis fongoïde (MF), du lymphome anaplasique à larges cellules et de la papulose lymphomatoïde de type A. Le BV est un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre le CD30 exprimé par les cellules T tumorales. L'inhibition de cette voie de signalisation induit un processus d'apoptose et conduit à la mort cellulaire. Le BV est remboursé après l'échec d'un autre traitement systémique et lorsque le nombre de cellules T atypiques exprimant le CD30 en immunohistochimie excède 10 % de la population totale sur une biopsie cutanée. Le BV est administré par voie intraveineuse toutes les 3 semaines à la posologie de 1,8 mg/kg, avec un maximum de 16 cures. Les taux de réponse globale excèdent 75 %. Certains patients négatifs pour le CD30 ont également montré une réponse thérapeutique intéressante. Les principaux effets indésirables du BV sont la neutropénie et la neuropathie périphérique. Les cas de deux patients avec un MF de longue date et multi-résistant, ayant répondu favorablement au BV, sont présentés dans cet article.


Assuntos
Imunoconjugados , Micose Fungoide , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Bélgica , Brentuximab Vedotin , Humanos , Imunoconjugados/uso terapêutico , Micose Fungoide/tratamento farmacológico
5.
Rev Med Liege ; 75(5-6): 376-381, 2020 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32496683

RESUMO

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting around 2-3 % of the population. The disease spectrum evolves from to the knees and elbows limited disease to erythrodermic psoriasis. The impact on the quality of life, the pruritus, the pain from palmo-plantar disease, arthropathic psoriasis and the comorbidities are the major complaints of the patients. The treatment relies on topical treatments with dermocorticosteroids with or without vitamin D derivatives, UVA or UVB phototherapy, conventional treatments including methotrexate, ciclosporin and acitretin, and, since around 15 years, biological treatments. The biological treatments for moderate to severe psoriasis progressed in a spectacular way with an improvement of clinical results and an amelioration of the safety profile at every step. This article discusses these developments from the TNF? antagonists, including etanercept, adalimumab and infliximab to the newly arrivals, the anti-IL17 and anti-IL23 antagonists, the anti-PDE-4 antagonists and the JAK inhibitors.


Le psoriasis est une maladie chronique inflammatoire cutanée qui affecte environ 2 à 3 % de la population. Le spectre varie d'une atteinte limitée aux coudes et genoux jusqu'à l'érythrodermie psoriasique. L'impact sur la qualité de vie, le prurit, les douleurs des atteintes palmo-plantaires, l'atteinte articulaire et les comorbidités constituent les plaintes majeures des patients. La prise en charge repose sur des traitements locaux à base de dermocorticoïdes, avec ou sans dérivés de vitamine D, la photothérapie UVA ou UVB, les traitements conventionnels comme le méthotrexate, la ciclosporine et l'acitrétine, et, depuis une bonne dizaine d'années, les traitements biologiques. Les traitements biologiques pour les psoriasis modérés à sévères ont spectaculairement progressé avec, à chaque avancée, de meilleurs résultats thérapeutiques et des profils de sécurité de plus en plus sûrs. Cet article discute des avancées des traitements biologiques du psoriasis en démarrant avec les antagonistes du TNF? comme l'étanercept, l'adalimumab et l'infliximab, jusqu'aux derniers arrivés, les antagonistes anti-IL17 et anti-IL 23, les anti-PDE-4 et les inhibiteurs JAK.


Assuntos
Imunossupressores , Psoríase , Qualidade de Vida , Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Etanercepte/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Psoríase/tratamento farmacológico
6.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(7-8): 436-440, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31373461

RESUMO

The treatment of locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) essentially relies on surgery and eventually radiotherapy of the treated site and afferent lymph nodes. Unfortunately, some cases are no candidates for surgery or radiotherapy and a systemic treatment may be indicated. Chemotherapies are only partially efficacious and associated with potential toxicities. A recent study evaluating the efficacy and tolerance of cemiplimab, a PD1 antagonist for locally advanced and metastatic cSCC demonstrated an objective response rate of 49 % and 47 % for locally advanced and metastatic cSCC, while maintaining a response of at least 6 months of 63 % and 60 %, respectively. We present a clinical case of a patient with a locally advanced cSCC of the forehead with bone resorption and cervical lymphadenopathies. After failure of multiple surgical interventions and radiotherapies, he responded partially to cemiplimab immunotherapy with a good safety profile.


Le traitement du carcinome spinocellulaire cutané (cSCC) localement avancé et/ou métastatique repose essentiellement sur la chirurgie et, éventuellement, sur une radiothérapie de la zone chirurgicale et de l'aire ganglionnaire afférente. Malheureusement, certains cas ne sont plus opérables ou accessibles à la radiothérapie et un traitement systémique est alors indiqué. Les chimiothérapies sont peu efficaces et potentiellement toxiques. Une étude récente évaluant l'efficacité et la tolérance du cémiplimab, un antagoniste PD1, dans les cSCC localement avancés et métastatiques, démontre une réponse objective confirmée de 49 % et de 47 %, respectivement, avec un maintien de la réponse d'au moins 6 mois de 63 % et de 60 %, respectivement. Nous présentons le cas d'un patient avec un cSCC localement avancé au niveau du front, avec effraction osseuse et adénopathies cervicales, ayant eu de multiples chirurgies et radiothérapies. Il a présenté une réponse partielle au cémiplimab avec un profil de tolérance satisfaisant.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia
7.
Rev Med Liege ; 74(1): 7-14, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30680967

RESUMO

The spectrum of the mucocutaneous adverse effects of directed oncologic therapies, such as anti-EGFR, anti-VEGF, anti-TK and anti-BRAF, presents similarities but also differences compared to that of the classic chemotherapeutics. This article reviews the dermatological toxicities of the targeted therapies, with 11 clinical cases, including mucositis and oral toxicities, the acne-like eruptions, nail changes and complications, the «hand/foot¼ syndrome, radiosensitization, alopecias, xerosis and skin fissures. After a brief clinical case presentation and theoretical issues, the clinical management is discussed in detail.


Le spectre des effets indésirables mucocutanés des thérapies ciblées (hors immunothérapies), comme les anti-EGFR, anti-VEGF, anti-TK et anti-BRAF, présente des similarités avec celui des traitements chimiothérapeutiques classiques, mais également des lésions plus spécifiques. Cet article abordera les toxicités dermatologiques des thérapies ciblées, à l'aide de 11 illustrations cliniques : les mucites et toxicités endobuccales, les éruptions acnéiformes, les modifications et complications unguéales, le syndrome main/pied, la radiosensibilisation, les alopécies, la xérose et les fissures cutanées. Après une brève description clinique et quelques notions théoriques, la prise en charge dermatologique est détaillée.


Assuntos
Terapia de Alvo Molecular/efeitos adversos , Dermatopatias/terapia , Estomatite/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/induzido quimicamente , Estomatite/induzido quimicamente
8.
Rev Med Liege ; 73(9): 468-473, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30188033

RESUMO

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as Verneuil's disease and acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a dysfunction of the pilosebaceous structures resulting in occlusion and inflammation. The disease usually starts after puberty, on average between twenty and thirty years, with subcutaneous painful inflammatory nodules, abscess collections, fistulization and scars mainly in the axillary, inguinal, sub-mammary, perineal and perianal regions. It is a multifactorial disease with the most commonly cited risk factors or aggravating factors being smoking, obesity, and HS family history. The first line of treatment relies on antibiotics, including tetracyclins, clindamycin and rifampycin. In case of non-response, TNF? antagonists, more specifically adalimumab, may be considered.


L'hidradénite suppurative (HS), aussi connue sous le nom de maladie de Verneuil et d'acne inversa, est une maladie inflammatoire chronique caractérisée par un dysfonctionnement des structures pilo-sébacées aboutissant à l'occlusion et à l'inflammation de celles-ci. Elle se manifeste souvent après la puberté, en moyenne entre vingt et trente ans, par des nodules sous-cutanés inflammatoires, des collections abcédées, des fistules et des cicatrices au niveau principalement des régions axillaires, inguinales, sous-mammaires, périnéale et périanale. Il s'agit d'une maladie multifactorielle dont les facteurs de risque ou facteurs aggravants les plus fréquemment cités sont le tabagisme, l'obésité et l'histoire familiale d'HS. La première ligne de traitement fera appel aux antibiotiques de type tétracycline, clindamycine et rifampicine. En seconde intention, on aura recours aux antagonistes TNF? et, plus précisément, à l'adalimumab.


Assuntos
Hidradenite Supurativa/terapia , Algoritmos , Hidradenite Supurativa/classificação , Humanos
9.
Mycopathologia ; 182(1-2): 101-111, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27590363

RESUMO

Human dermatophytic cutaneous infections usually present as single or multiple slowly progressing annular erythemato-squamous lesions with a tendency to central healing on the hairless skin. In the intertriginous regions (feet, inguinal, axillar, submammary), dermatophytic colonisations and infections manifest as whitish, slightly hyperkeratotic, pruritic and sometimes fissurated lesions. On the scalp, dermatophytic infections commonly lead to single or multiple more or less inflammatory and alopecic lesions. On the plantar and palmar aspects of the feet and hand, dermatophytosis presents as an eczema-like chronic dermatosis. Abscess-like lesions may occur due to zoophilic dermatomycosis. Dermatophytic infections of the nails reveal ill-defined whitish-yellowish colorations of the distal end or the lateral aspects of the nails, sometimes combined with partial nail embrittlement or even complete destruction. Despite the ubiquity of dermatophytic skin infections and their usually highly typical clinical features, a differential diagnosis has to be considered, in particular when treatment is not efficient or when treatment resistance occurs. This review presents the differential diagnosis in terms of frequency as well as the diagnostic methods permitting the distinction of annular, intertriginous, alopecic, palmoplantar, abscess-like and onychodystrophic lesions.


Assuntos
Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/métodos , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Dermatopatias/etiologia
10.
Rev Med Liege ; 70(4): 179-85, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26054168

RESUMO

Rosacea is a common centro-facial dermatosis with a high socio-esthetic impact. Different subtypes are distinguished, classified into grades according to their severity. This classification is essential for therapeutic management. In general, rosacea remains difficult to treat as its pathophysiology is still not entirely understood. Future research is needed for a better understanding of this disease and the development of targeted treatments.


Assuntos
Rosácea , Adulto , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Rosácea/classificação , Rosácea/etiologia , Rosácea/patologia , Rosácea/terapia
11.
Rev Med Liege ; 68(9): 458-64, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24180201

RESUMO

Vitamin D is well known for its beneficial effects on phosphocalcic homeostasis. The discovery of the role of vitamin D in cancers, infections, cardiovascular or autoimmune pathologies have promoted interest for this molecule. Skin and vitamin D are closely related. The skin is not only the site of vitamin D synthesis, but also a target organ as calcitriol plays an important hormonal and regulatory role, acting on cell proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulation. Furthermore, vitamin D influences the incidence and therapeutic response of certain dermatoses. In addition, many medical situations, mainly dermatological, require strict photoprotection and may therefore indirectly be responsible for a vitamin D deficiency in patients. The current role of vitamin D in skin cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases is summarized.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele , Vitamina D/fisiologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/complicações , Carcinoma Basocelular/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/etiologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/terapia , Humanos , Melanoma/complicações , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Melanoma/etiologia , Melanoma/terapia , Pele/metabolismo , Pele/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etiologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/metabolismo , Deficiência de Vitamina D/terapia
12.
Dermatology ; 227(3): 250-4, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24134867

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Whether dark skin produces less vitamin D after UVB radiation than fair skin remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)-D] levels after a single UVB exposure in fair (phototype II-III) and black-skinned (phototype VI) volunteers. METHODS: Fair-skinned volunteers (n = 20, 4 males/16 females, mean age: 23.2 years) and black-skinned (n = 11, 6 males/5 females, mean age: 23.8 years) received a single total body UVB exposure (0.022 J/cm(2)). The 25-(OH)-D levels were measured on days 0, 2 and 6. RESULTS: On day 0, all volunteers were severely vitamin D deficient. On day 2, 25-(OH)-D levels of fair-skinned volunteers increased significantly (median: 11.9-13.3 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), but not in black-skinned people (median: 8.60-8.55 ng/ml, p = 0.843). Again, on day 6, 25-(OH)-D levels of fair-skinned volunteers increased significantly (median: 11.9-14.3 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), but not in black-skinned people (median: 8.60-9.57 ng/ml, p = 0.375). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that skin pigmentation negatively influences vitamin D synthesis.


Assuntos
Pigmentação da Pele/fisiologia , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/biossíntese , Adulto , População Negra , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pele/metabolismo , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , População Branca , Adulto Jovem
13.
Clin Exp Dermatol ; 38(3): 276-9, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23020081

RESUMO

Ipilimumab blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4, potentiating the antimelanoma T-cell host response. Ipilimumab has been shown to improve overall survival in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. CTLA-4 antibodies generate immune responses to the melanoma-associated antigens Melan-A, NY-ESO-1 and glycoprotein (gp)100 in metastatic melanoma. Digital epiluminescence microscopy (DELM) is a noninvasive method permitting the monitoring of the morphology of melanocytic lesions over time. A 50-year-old man with metastatic melanoma received four ipilimumab injections after failure of dacarbazine chemotherapy. Positron emission tomography revealed regression of pulmonary metastases, and simultaneously, DELM showed regression of several melanocytic naevi. On histological examination of the regressing naevi, prominent CD8+, CD4+ and CD45R0 lichenoid lymphohistiocytic infiltrates were seen, whereas nonregressing naevi were almost free of inflammatory infiltrate. Expression of melanoma-associated antigens in benign melanocytic naevi may explain the induction of naevus regression by ipilimumab. DELM could represent a valuable noninvasive method to monitor ipilimumab efficacy.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Nevo Pigmentado/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Ipilimumab , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Masculino , Melanoma/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indução de Remissão/métodos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento
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