Application value of ventricular intracranial pressure monitoring in the treatment of unilateral temporal lobe cerebral contusion / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of ventricular intracranial pressure monitoring (V-ICPM) in the treatment of unilateral temporal lobe cerebral contusion.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 295 patients with unilateral temporal lobe cerebral contusion admitted to 904th Hospital of PLA Joint Support Force from January 2014 to August 2021, including 172 males and 123 females; aged 14-78 years [(46.3±14.7)years]. V-ICPM was used in 136 patients (V-ICPM group), who received surgical or non-surgical treatment according to the monitoring, while not in 159 patients (non-V-ICPM group), who received routine surgery or non-surgical treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of the rates of intracranial hematoma clearance by craniotomy, decompressive craniectomy (DC) and dehydration and osmotic therapy during hospitalization, use time of 20% mass fraction of mannitol and 30 g/L hypertonic salt, displacement rate of brain midline structure of head CT≥10 mm after discharge, rate of intracranial infection, hydrocephalus and epilepsy, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months after discharge.Results:All patients were followed up for 6-12 months [(8.9±2.1)months]. During hospitalization, the rate of intracranial hematoma clearance by craniotomy and the rate of DC in V-ICPM group were 35.3% (48/136) and 8.1% (11/136), lower than 47.2% (75/159) and 22.0% (35/159) in non-V-ICPM group ( P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of dehydration and osmotic therapy or the use time of mannitol (all P>0.05). The use time of hypertonic salt in V-ICPM group was (7.2±2.5)days, more than (4.1±1.8)days in non-V-ICPM group ( P<0.05). After discharge, the displacement rate of brain midline structure of head CT in V-ICPM group was 29.4% (40/136), lower than 42.8% (68/159) in non-V-ICPM group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of intracranial infection, hydrocephalus and epilepsy (all P>0.05). Six months after discharge, the good rate of GOS in V-ICPM group was 91.2% (124/136), significantly better than 81.8% (130/159) in non-V-ICPM group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For unilateral temporal lobe cerebral contusion, V-ICPM is associated with reduced rate of craniotomy exploration and DC, decreased incidence of complications and improved prognosis of the patients in spite of longer use time of hypertonic salt.

Effects of short-term deep brain stimulation in subthalamic nucleus on glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To study the effect of short-term treatment of subthalamic nucleus ( STN ) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its relationship with the change of brain motor-related nerve pathways. Methods Five patients ( 2 males, 3 females;age:(63.6±11.8) years) with PD who underwent STN DBS between January 2014 and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in "DBS-off"state before and 3 months after operation. Quantitative expression of PD-related metabolic pattern (PDRP) were calculated by scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis ( SSM/PCA) on PET images. Brain regions with changes of glucose metabolism after DBS were located by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) paired t test. Results Compared with pre-operation, PDRP expression (5.1±1.3 vs 2.9±1.8) and unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor score (50.2±8.2 vs 28.0±5.4) of PD patients were significantly decreased 3 months after STN DBS (t values:6.17 and 3.88, both P<0.05). After DBS, the glucose metabolism of bilateral globus pallidus/putamen, caudate nucleus, thalamus, insula, pons and cer-ebellum decreased, while the glucose metabolism of bilateral prefrontal motor area and parietooccipital lobe increased ( t=3.75, P<0.01) . Conclusions Short-term STN DBS therapy can inhibit the cortico-striatum-pallidum-hypothalamus-cortex motor loop, which is abnormally excitable in the brain of PD. PDRP, as an imaging characterization of the regulation of this loop, is expected to become an imaging marker for monito-ring the treatment of PD.

Clinical significance of plasma NT－proBNP in children with bacterial meningitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of plasma amino －terminal pro －brain natriuretic peptide(NT－proBNP) in children with bacterial meningitis.Methods From April 2013 to March 2017, 32 children with bacterial meningitis in PICU of the Second People′s Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College were selected.The patients were evaluated the severity of the disease by Glasgow coma scale (GCS).Thirty－five cases who admitted to the hospital in the same period were selected as the control group ,excluding congenital heart disease,chronic cardiac dysfunction ,cardiomyopathy,myocarditis,heart failure,chronic renal insufficiency.The blood samples were collected from the hospital in 24h, and the levels of the plasma NT －proBNP, procalcitonin (PCT),C－reactive protein(CRP) and Na ions were determined.Results Compared with the control group ,the levels of the plasma NT－proBNP was significantly increased [(7 123.97 ±6 901.60)ng／L vs.(39.29 ±19.41)ng／L,t＝5.839,P＜0.01],the level of PCT was significantly increased [(25.14 ±2.35) ng／dL vs.(0.63 ±0.15ng／dL,t ＝10.820,P＜0.01],the level of CRP was significantly increased [(97.89 ±4.63mg／dL vs.(5.23 ±1.22mg／dL,t＝21.130,P＜0.01],and the GCS was significantly decreased (t＝18.132,P＜0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis group.The plasma NT －proBNP level of children with GCS ＜8points [( 13 328.08 ±7 938.85 ) ng／L ] was significantly higher than that in children with GCS 8～14points[(3 401.50 ±1 526.75)ng／L](t＝5.816,P＜0.01) and GCS≥15points [(39.74 ±18.64) ng／L] ( t ＝5.816,P＜0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT －proBNP and PCT ( r ＝0.969, P ＜0.01), also a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT －proBNP and CRP (r＝0.961,P＜0.01),while a significant negative correlation between the level of plasma NT－proBNP and sodium ions(r＝0.886,P＜0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis by Pearson correlation test.Conclusion Detection of the plasma NT－proBNP has significant clinical significance for early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the illness of children with bacterial meningitis .

Clinical significance of plasma NT-proBNP in children with bacterial meningitis / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of plasma amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) in children with bacterial meningitis.@*Methods@#From April 2013 to March 2017, 32 children with bacterial meningitis in PICU of the Second People′s Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College were selected.The patients were evaluated the severity of the disease by Glasgow coma scale(GCS). Thirty-five cases who admitted to the hospital in the same period were selected as the control group, excluding congenital heart disease, chronic cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, heart failure, chronic renal insufficiency.The blood samples were collected from the hospital in 24h, and the levels of the plasma NT-proBNP, procalcitonin(PCT), C-reactive protein(CRP) and Na ions were determined.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the levels of the plasma NT-proBNP was significantly increased[(7 123.97±6 901.60)ng/L vs.(39.29±19.41)ng/L, t=5.839, P<0.01], the level of PCT was significantly increased[(25.14±2.35)ng/dL vs.(0.63±0.15ng/dL, t=10.820, P<0.01], the level of CRP was significantly increased[(97.89±4.63mg/dL vs.(5.23±1.22mg/dL, t=21.130, P<0.01], and the GCS was significantly decreased(t=18.132, P<0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis group.The plasma NT-proBNP level of children with GCS<8points[(13 328.08±7 938.85)ng/L]was significantly higher than that in children with GCS 8~14points[(3 401.50±1 526.75)ng/L](t=5.816, P<0.01) and GCS≥15points[(39.74±18.64)ng/L](t=5.816, P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT-proBNP and PCT(r=0.969, P<0.01), also a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT-proBNP and CRP(r=0.961, P<0.01), while a significant negative correlation between the level of plasma NT-proBNP and sodium ions(r=0.886, P<0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis by Pearson correlation test.@*Conclusion@#Detection of the plasma NT-proBNP has significant clinical significance for early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the illness of children with bacterial meningitis.

Clinical evaluation for atropine penalization in treatment of moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of atropine penalization for treatment of moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia.@*Methods@#Retrospective cohort study was performed.Eighty moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia pediatric patients aged 4-7 years old were enrolled from December 2011 to November 2017 in Tianjin Eye Hospital and Beijing Children's Hospital.The subjects were divided into atropine penalization group and patching group according to the treatment, with 25 cases of moderate amblyopia and 15 cases of severe amblyopia in each group.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of amblyopia in atropine penalization group and patching group before treatment, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 8 months after treatment were compared.The binocular visual function of each group was compared before and after treatment.The compliance and complications were also recorded.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (2016-42) and Beijing Children's Hospital (2019-k-33).@*Results@#There were significant differences in BVCA between the two groups before and after treatment in cases with moderate amblyopia (Fgroup=3.104, P=0.032; Ftime=4.342, P=0.013); The BCVA of atropine penalization group was better than that of patching group at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). There were significant differences in BCVA between the two groups before and after treatment in cases with severe amblyopia (Fgroup=3.149, P=0.016; Ftime=5.094, P=0.024); The BCVA of atropine penalization group was better than that of patching group at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The effective rates of stereopsis reconstruction in atropine penalization group were significantly higher than those in patching group in both moderate and severe amblyopia cases, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). The compliance rate of moderate amblyopia in atropine penalization group was 96% (24/25), which was significantly higher than 76% (19/25) in patching group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.153, P=0.042). The compliance rate of severe amblyopia in atropine penalization group was 100% (15/15), which was also significantly higher than 67% (10/15) in patching group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.000, P=0.014). During the follow-up period, there were 4 cases with photophobia in the atropine penalization group.No adverse reaction was observed in the patching group.@*Conclusions@#Compared with patching, atropine penalization is an effective method in treatment of moderate and severe amblyopia, with the advantage in rapid improvement of visual acuity, stereopsis recovery and compliance of treatment.Atropine penalization is worthy for clinical application.

Effects of short-term deep brain stimulation in subthalamic nucleus on glucose metabolism in Parkinson′s disease / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective@#To study the effect of short-term treatment of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD) and its relationship with the change of brain motor-related nerve pathways.@*Methods@#Five patients (2 males, 3 females; age: (63.6±11.8) years) with PD who underwent STN DBS between January 2014 and December 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in " DBS-off" state before and 3 months after operation. Quantitative expression of PD-related metabolic pattern (PDRP) were calculated by scaled subprofile model/principal component analysis (SSM/PCA) on PET images. Brain regions with changes of glucose metabolism after DBS were located by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) paired t test.@*Results@#Compared with pre-operation, PDRP expression (5.1±1.3 vs 2.9±1.8) and unified Parkinson′s disease rating scale (UPDRS) motor score (50.2±8.2 vs 28.0±5.4) of PD patients were significantly decreased 3 months after STN DBS (t values: 6.17 and 3.88, both P<0.05). After DBS, the glucose metabolism of bilateral globus pallidus/putamen, caudate nucleus, thalamus, insula, pons and cerebellum decreased, while the glucose metabolism of bilateral prefrontal motor area and parietooccipital lobe increased (t=3.75, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Short-term STN DBS therapy can inhibit the cortico-striatum-pallidum-hypothalamus-cortex motor loop, which is abnormally excitable in the brain of PD. PDRP, as an imaging characterization of the regulation of this loop, is expected to become an imaging marker for monitoring the treatment of PD.

Effects of electroacupuncture at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 48 SD female rats with regular estrus were divided into a blank group (=8), a model group (=10), an EA group (=10), a binding group (=10) and a tamoxifen (TAM) group (=10). The rats in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group were all treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD, 160 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days to establish the model of POI; the rats in the blank group were treated with normal diet. After the model was established successfully, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) with continuous wave (1 to 3 Hz, 0.1 to 1 mA) for 20 minutes, once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the TAM group were treated with subcutaneous injection of tamoxifen (1mg/kg), once a day (five times a week) for the first two weeks and once every other day (three times a week) for the following two weeks. The rats in the binding group were bound by a small sack as the EA group. The rats in the blank group and the model group were treated with normal diet. After four weeks, the sexual gland weight and index were tested in each group; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-mllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the morphology of ovary was observed; the number of primordial follicles, primary follicle, antral follicle and atretic follicle was counted; the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared with the blank group, the ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index were significantly decreased after treatment in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01); but the differences between the model group and the EA group, binding group, TAM group were not significant (all >0.05). (2) Compared with the blank group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly reduced; the levels of FSH and LH were significantly increased in the model group; EA group, binding group and TAM group (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of serum AMH, inhibin B and E were significantly increased, the level of FSH and LH were significantly reduced in the EA group and TAM group (all <0.01). (3) Compared with the blank group, in the model group, EA group, binding group and TAM group the ovary was dark red and pale, surrounded by particle or not; the morphology was small and atrophic; the primordial follicles was reduced even vanished; the structure of primary follicle was damaged and loosely arranged; the mature follicle was few; the atretic follicle and interstitial gland were increased. (4) Compared with the blank group, the expressions of IGF-1 mRNA and IGF-1R mRNA were increased in the model group (all <0.01); compared with the blank group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was increased in the binding group (<0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was not significantly different (>0.05); compared with the model group, the expression of IGF-1 mRNA was not significantly different in the EA group, binding group and TAM group (all >0.05), but that of IGF-1R mRNA was reduced (<0.05, <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) has improvement effect on ovarian function in rats with VCD-induced POI, which is likely to be related to regulating the IGF-1R mRNA expression to improve the IGF-1/ IGF-1R axis.</p>

Protective effects of electroacupuncture pretreatment on ovarian in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on ovarian in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 32 SD female rats with regular estrus were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an EA group and an immobilization group, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the model group, EA group and immobilization group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (160 mg/kg) for 15 days to establish the model. From the beginning of model establishment, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and "Tianshu" (ST 25), once a day for the first two weeks (5 treatments per week) and once every two days for the last two weeks (3 treatments per week). EA was given 20 min per treatment for four weeks. The rats in the immobilization group were treated with immobilization with identical duration, frequency and total amount as the EA group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group. When model was successfully established in the model group, rats were sacrificed to test the weight of sexual gland and the sexual gland index; the ELISA method was applied to test the level of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B; the radioimmunoassay method was applied to test the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T). In addition, the morphology and the number of ovarian follicles were observed; and western blot method was applied to test the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in ovarian tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index, uterus weight and uterus index decreased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P reduced, while serum FSH, LH and T increased in the model group (all <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles decreased, while atretic follicles increased in the model group (all <0.01); the expression of Bax protein increased, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased in the model group (both <0.01). Compared with the model group, the bilateral ovary weight, ovary index and uterus weight increased (<0.05, <0.01); serum AMH, inhibin B, E and P increased, while serum FSH and LH reduced (<0.05, <0.01); primordial follicles and primary follicles increased, while atretic follicles reduced (<0.05, <0.01); the expression of Bax protein reduced, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in the EA group (<0.05, <0.01). The differences of each outcome indexes were not significant between the model group and immobilization group (all >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA pretreatment at "Zhongliao" (BL 33) and Tianshu (ST 25) for 4 weeks has certain protective effect on ovarian in POI rats, which is likely to be related with up-regulating ovarian granular cells, inhabiting the expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulating the expression of Bax protein.</p>

Therapeutic evaluation of lateral rectus super-recession surgery for large angle divergence excess exotropia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background In clinic practice,three or four rectus muscles often are needed to perform operation for the correction of large angle (＞50Δ) exotropia to avoid eye limited abduction due to lateral rectus superrecession.However,recent study reported that lateral rectus super-recession surgery can effectively correct large angle exotropia without remarkable abduction limitation.This outcome still need to be verified in clinical practice.Objective This study was to observe the outcome of bilateral rectus super-recession or medial rectus resection of the combined non-dominant eye for large angle exotropia.Methods A series case study was carried out.Fifty-one patients with intermittent or constant exotropia were enrolled in Tianjin Eye Hospital from May 2013 to October 2014.There were 29 intermittent exotropia and 22 constant exotropia among the 51 patients.Combined with adjustable sutures,bilateral lateral rectus super-recession or medial rectus resection of combined non-dominant eye was performed in all the eyes,and the examination of the anterior segment,fundus,ocular movement and binocular vision were performed before and after surgery.The deviation angle was measured by prism and alternate cover test.The individualized surgery procedure was designed according to medical history,ocular movement,sensory status and deviation angle.The patients were followed-up for at least 6 months.The eye position,ocular movement and binocular sensory function were compared between peoperation and postoperation.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital.Written informed consents before the operation were obtained from all patient or their parents.Results Thirty-three patients underwent bilateral lateral super-recession and 18 patients underwent bilateral lateral super-recession of the medial rectus resection of the combined non-dominant eye.The mean angle of exotropia for seeing distance of 5 meters was (-70.57 ± 16.46) Δ (from-52 Δ to-120 Δ) and was (-75.65 ±16.14) Δ for seeing near (33 cm) (from-55Δ to-130Δ).The mean amount of left eye recession was 8-15 mm ([11.17±1.67] mm) and the right eye recession was 9-15 mm ([11.28±1.62] mm).The medial rectus of the dominant eye was resected by 3-6 mm.At the end of following-up,the mean angle of exotropia for seeing distance was (-3.45±4.20) Δ (from +4Δ to-14Δ) and was (-5.49±3.96) Δ for seeing near (from +4Δ to-14Δ).Surgical outcome was effective in 41 patients (80.4％),and 10 patients were undercorrected.The stereopsis of 32 patients improved after surgery,and 18 of 27 patients without preoperative stereopsis function obtained stereopsis after surgery.No ocular motility disorder was found in this group of patients after surgery.Conclusions Bilateral lateral rectus super-recesssion or medial rectus resection of combined non-dominant eye can effectively correct large angle exotropia and reduce the number and amount of surgical muscles without ocular motility disorder.

Establishment of posttraumatic acute diffuse brain swelling with sinus balloon compression method in rabbits / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To establish a rabbit posttraumatic acute diffuse brain swelling (PADBS) model and investigate the mechanism of action.Methods Fifty New Zealand rabbits were assigned to control group (n =10) and model group (n =40) according to random number table.The animal model of sinus balloon compression was established under intracranial pressure monitoring by using intracranial pressure probe.The model group was subdivided equally at 1.5 hours after compression,1.5 hours after decompression,3 hours after decompression and 4.5 hours after decompression,for which intracranial pressure,brain water content,pathological mechanism and ultrastructure were measured dynamically.Results The success rate of modeling was 83％ (33/40).Intracranial pressure was (4.9 ± 0.8)mmHg in control group,(50.1 ± 4.3) mmHg in 1.5 hours after compression group,(45.2 ± 1.7) mmHg in 1.5 hours after decompression group,(48.6 ± 2.2) mmHg in 3 hours after decompression group,and (59.1 ±2.5)mmHg in 4.5 hours after decompression group (P ＜0.05).Brain water content was (75.0 ± 0.6) ％ in control gorup,(76.7 ± 0.8) ％ in 1.5 hours after compression group,(77.3 ± 0.5) ％ in 1.5 hours after decompression group,(78.5 ± 0.6) ％ in 3 hours after decompression group,and (79.4 ± 0.7) ％ in 4.5 hours after decompression group (P ＜ 0.05).Vasogenic brain oedema was seen 1.5 hours after decompression.Cytotoxicity brain swelling generated with brain tissue destroyed 3 hours after decompression.The vicious cycle of high intracranial pressure and brain tissue destruction occurred 4.5 hours after decompression.Conclusion Under intracranial pressure probe monitoring,the rabbit model of PADBS by sinus balloon compression has stable pressure of the sinus balloon and has good reliability and repeatability,which provides a reliable evidence for further study on the possible mechanism and treatment methods of PADBS.

Effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins on Expression of ZO-1 of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Caused by Aβ42 / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To study the effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) on the damaged expression of ZO-1 of brain microvascular endothelial cells caused by Aβ42.MethodsBrain microvascular endothelial cells were divided into normal control group, model group, PNS low-, medium- and high concentration groups. They were incubated for 24h in 5% CO2 incubator at 37℃ . Then cell vitality was detected by MTT colorimetric method and ZO-1 protein expression was tested by Western blot.Results Stimulation of Aβ42 reduced the activity of microvascular endothelial cells (P<0.01) and suppressed the expression of ZO-1 protein (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the activity of microvascular endothelial cells of PNS groups, especially the high and medium dose groups (P<0.05), and increased the ZO-1 protein expression. Conclusion PNS can partly recover the barrier function of blood brain barrier through inhibiting the decrease of the activity of microvascular endothelial cells caused by Aβ42.

Judgment of operative effect and prognosis of severe craniocerebral trauma by transcranial / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To observe the changes of cerebral vascular morphology and blood flow after craniocerebral trauma so as to investigate the role of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) combined with CT angiography (CTA) in judgment of the operative effect and prognosis of severe craniocerebral trauma.MethodsA total of 56 patients with craniocerebral trauma were monitored dynamically by using TCD before and after surgery.Dynamic CTA of head was also performed by using 128-slice spiral CT.Results TCD and CTA indicated that both the cerebral blood flow and vascular morphologychanged after craniocerebral trauma.CTA manifested mainly the vascular displacement or angiostegnosis and TCD showed mainly the high-resistance blood flow,indicating good operative effect.For the patients with vasospasm,the TCD manifested high-resistance flow (relatively good operative effect) or nail flow(mostly poor operative effect). The patients with vascular occlusion were associated with nail flow on TCD,with poor operative effect.ConclusionsTCD shows the velocity of cerebral blood flow and CTA shows the morphological change of cerebral vessels.Thereby,the combination of TCD and CTA can effectively judge the cerebral perfusion and provide a promising way for validating the operative effect and prognosis of craniocerebral trauma.

Effects of Yanggan Lidan Granule on insulin resistance in guinea pigs with induced cholesterol gallstones / 中西医结合学报

Objective: To observe the effects of Yanggan Lidan Granule (YGLDG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on insulin resistance in guinea pigs with induced cholesterol gallstones. Methods: Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group, untreated group, YGLDG group and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) group, with 20 guinea pigs in each group. Except the normal control group, gallstones were induced by high-cholesterol diet in the guinea pigs. The guinea pigs in the normal control group and the untreated group were administered with normal saline. UDCA and YGLDG were given to the guinea pigs in the corresponding groups for seven weeks. Eight guinea pigs of each group were used to measure the glucose infusion rate (GIR) by using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. At the end the guinea pigs were killed and their gallstone formation was observed. Results: The gallstones in guinea pigs were identified as cholesterol stones by qualitative analysis through infrared spectrum. The incidence rate of cholelithiasis of the untreated group was 82.35% . The GIR of guinea pigs in the untreated group was obviously lowered down as compared with the normal control group. Compared with the untreated group, the GIRs of the YGLDG group and the UDCA group were obviously increased, especially in the YGLDG group. Conclusion: YGLDG may improve insulin resistance in guinea pigs with cholesterol gallstones by elevating GIR obviously.