Chemical Analysis by LC-MS of Cannabis sativa Root Samples from Northeast Brazil and Evaluation of Antitussive and Expectorant Activities.

Cannabis sativa is a millenary medicinal plant. However, contrary to worldwide paradigm-shifting, countries like Brazil still prohibit C. sativa cultivation and its medicinal use, even though many populations use aerial parts and roots of this plant for healthcare. As such, the objective of this work was to identify substances in the samples of the C. sativa roots, tracing a correlation with antitussive and expectorant effects. Therefore, samples of C. sativa roots were donated by the Polícia Federal Brasileira, and its aqueous extract (AECsR) was prepared with subsequent lyophilization, to maintain the material stability. After that, the material was analyzed by LC-MS to observe its chemical profile. Four samples (AECsR-A, B, C, and D) were tested in animal models of citric acid-induced cough (0.4 M) and phenol red expectoration (500 mg/kg). Using LC-MS it was possible to identify 5 molecules in C. sativa roots: p-coumaroyltyramine, tetrahydrocannabinol-C4, feruoiltyramine, anhydrocanabisativine, and cannabisativine. In experimental protocols, male mice (Mus musculus) were treated with samples of AECsR at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg regardless of the pharmacological test. In these tests, all samples showed the potential to treat cough and promote fluid expectoration, differing only in the dose at which these effects were observed. Therefore, the data showed that the C. sativa roots of the Brazilian Northeast showed antitussive and expectorant effects, even with intense secondary metabolites' variation, which alters its potency, but not its effect. This highlights the importance of this medicinal plant for future therapy and corroborates to traditional use.

Investigation of antinociceptive, antipyretic, antiasthmatic, and spasmolytic activities of Brazilian Cannabis sativa L. roots in rodents.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Many studies are performed with the aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae). However, roots remain poorly studied, despite citations in the scientific literature. The C. sativa roots are indicated for the treatment of pain, inflammation, fever, among other health problems. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive, antipyretic, antiasthmatic, and spasmolytic activities of C. sativa roots in experimental models using mice and rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The chemical composition of the aqueous extract of C. sativa roots (AECsR) was evaluated by LC-MS. The antinociceptive activity was assessed in mice by the induction of writhing with acetic acid, paw licking with formalin, and reactivity in the hot plate test. Fever was induced by the administration of a suspension of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in young rats. The asthmatic activity was performed with ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice with cellular and histological analysis. Finally, the spasmolytic activity was performed using mice isolated trachea. For in vivo studies, the doses were 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg whereas for in vitro, the concentration of AECsR was 729 µg/mL. RESULTS: From the LC-MS data, we identified p-coumaroyltyramine, feruloyltyramine canabissativine in AECsR. The extract promoted a reduction of writhing in all tested doses (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg). Similarly, it reduced the pain in the formalin test at doses of 12.5 and 50 mg/kg (first phase) and 12.5 and 25 mg/kg (second phase). In the hot plate test, the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg promoted antinociceptive effect at different times, and the lowest dose maintained its action in the analyzes performed at 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. The anti-inflammatory activity of AECsR was observed in the mouse model of asthma, reducing the total leukocyte count in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) at a dose of 25 mg/kg, as well as reducing eosinophilia in all tested doses (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg). Histological analysis of lungs stained with H&E and PAS showed a reduction in the number of inflammatory cells in the perivascular and peribronchial region, as well as reduced mucus production. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that AECsR promotes pain control, either by a central or inflammatory mechanism, and has antiasthmatic activity. However, there was no antipyretic or spasmolytic effect.

Agentes Comunitários de Saúde: perfil sociodemográfico, emprego e satisfação com o trabalho em um município do semiárido baiano / Community Health Agents: sociodemographic profile, employment and satisfaction with work in a city of Bahia's semiarid

Resumo Introdução O Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS) é elo entre o serviço de saúde e a comunidade, sendo imprescindível para a implementação de ações de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). As condições de emprego e de insatisfação com o trabalho podem ter reflexos sobre a saúde deste trabalhador. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico, as características do emprego e a satisfação com o trabalho de ACS de Juazeiro, na Bahia. Método Foi realizado um inquérito epidemiológico com dados de 145 ACS, coletados por meio de questionário estruturado, aplicado por entrevistador. Resultados A maioria era do sexo feminino (81,38%), com até 40 anos de idade (51,72%), cor parda (60,69%), casada/união estável (66,21%), do quadro permanente do município (95,77%) e com 6-12 anos na mesma unidade (55,86%). A maioria mostrou-se segura em querer candidatar-se novamente ao emprego (52,08%) e satisfeita/muito satisfeita com a capacidade para o trabalho (77,93%). Quanto à satisfação com o trabalho, 28,28% declaram-se insatisfeitos/muito insatisfeitos, 60%, indiferentes, e 11,72%, satisfeitos/muito satisfeitos. Conclusão A consolidação de políticas de organização e de gestão dos processos do trabalho do ACS e a valorização deste profissional são fundamentais para modificar o quadro de insatisfação existente, contribuindo para o fortalecimento da APS.

Abstract Introduction The Community Health Agent (CHA) is a link between health service and community, being an indispensable professional to implement Primary Health Care actions. Employment conditions and dissatisfaction with the job can affect the worker's health. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic profile, employment characteristics and job satisfaction in CHA work of Juazeiro, Bahia. Method An epidemiological survey was performed to collect data of 145 CHA, using a structured questionnaire, applied by interviewer. Results Most participants were women (81.38%), up to 40 years old (51.72%), brown skin color (60.69%), married/common-law marriage (66.21%), city staff (95.77%), and working six to twelve years in the same unit (55.86%). Just over half proved showed interest in reapplying for the job (52.,08%) and most reported as satisfied/very satisfied with the work capacity (77.93%). As for work capacity, 28.28% declared themselves dissatisfied/very dissatisfied, 60.00% indifferent and 11.72% satisfied/very satisfied. Conclusion The consolidation of organizational policies and management of CHA work processes and appreciation of these professionals is fundamental to modify the existing dissatisfaction frame, contributing to the strengthening of Primary Health Care.

O instrumento de registro do Samu: com a palavra dos profissionais de saúde / El instrumento de registro del Samu: con la palabra de los profesionales de salud / The instrument record of samu: with the word of health professionals

Objective: analyzing the perception of health professionals about the patient chart of attendance at SAMU-192, in the city of Petrolina, Pernambuco. Method: this is a study with qualitative approach, of exploratory and descriptive character, developed with health professionals of SAMU, Petrolina - PE. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee and Human and Animal Studies (CEEAH) of UNIVASF, under the Protocol N. 12081022. There were performed 24 interviews, later transcribed and analyzed according to the technique of content analysis of Bardin. Results: it was possible to identify that the patient chart is a document in order to record the patient's clinical data, being also essential for ethical and legal issues. Still, according to respondents, the data generated by medical records can be used in epidemiology. Conclusion: in this way, one can realize that data can provide for managers subsidies to implement measures to organize and optimize patient care seriously ill.

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção dos profissionais oriundos da saúde acerca da ficha de atendimento no SAMU-192, no município de Petrolina-Pernambuco. Método: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido com profissionais da saúde do SAMU de Petrolina-PE. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Estudos Humanos e Animais (CEEAH), da UNIVASF, sob o protocolo nº 12081022. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas, posteriormente transcritas e analisadas segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Pode-se identificar que a ficha de atendimento é um documento com a finalidade de registro de dados clínicos do paciente, sendo também essencial para questões éticas e jurídicas. Ainda, segundo os entrevistados, os dados gerados pelo prontuário podem ser utilizados em epidemiologia. Conclusão: Dessa forma, pode-se perceber que os dados podem propiciar aos gestores subsídios para implementar medidas para organizar e otimizar o atendimento ao paciente gravemente enfermo.

Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de los profesionales de la salud sobre el registro clínico del paciente con respecto al SAMU-192, en la ciudad de Petrolina, Pernambuco. Método: Este estudio es un enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, desarrollado con profesionales de la salud SAMU Petrolina-PE. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética y Estudios Humanos y Animales (CEEAH), de la UNIVASF, bajo el Protocolo nº 12081022. 24 entrevistas fueron realizadas, posteriormente transcritas y analizadas utilizando una técnica llamada análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Se logró identificar que la historia clínica del paciente es un documento con el fin de registrar los datos clínicos del paciente, también es esencial a las cuestiones éticas y legales. Sin embargo, según los encuestados, los datos generados por los registros médicos pueden se utilizar en epidemiología. Conclusión: Así, se puede ver que los datos pueden proporcionar subsidios a los administradores, para implementar medidas de organización y optimización de la atención al paciente gravemente enfermo.

O perfil clínico epidemiológico dos usuários da rede de urgências no interior de Pernambuco / El perfil clínico epidemiológico de los usuarios de la red de emergencia en el interior de Pernambuco / The epidemiological clinical profile of users of the emergency network in the countryside of pernambuco

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes atendido na rede de urgência/emergência do município de Petrolina-PE. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo descritivo-exploratório. Esteve em conformidade com a resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde em sua integralidade, desenvolvido após aprovação pelo comitê de ética sob protocolo n. 0006/270611. Resultados: A maioria da população entrevistada era do sexo feminino (72%), casados (45,3%) e com a faixa etária entre 30 e 49 anos (57%). A renda familiar encontra-se concentrada na faixa de 1 a 3 salários mínimos (83,2%), tendo a maior parte dos usuários o 2º grau completo (67%). As doenças cardíacas/circulatórias, respiratórias e os acidentes de automóveis foram os principais motivos que levaram os entrevistados a procurarem algum componente da rede de urgência. Conclusão: Com os resultados alcançados pode-se concluir que, o setor hospitalar ainda é muito requisitado dentro da rede de urgência, entretanto a UBS ganhou maior destaque sendo a referência da população estudada nos casos emergências.

Objetivo: determinar el perfil clínico epidemiológico de pacientes sirvió en emergencia red/emergencia del municipio de Petrolina, en Pernambuco. Método: este fue un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo exploratorio. Fue de conformidad con la resolución del Consejo Nacional de la Salud 196/96 de en su integridad, desarrollada después de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética bajo del protocolo 0006/270611. Resultados: la mayoría de la población entrevistada fue hembra (72%), casadas (45,3%) y con la edad entre 30 y 49 años (57%). Ingresos de los hogares se concentran en el rango de los 1 a 3 salarios mínimos (83,2%), tener a la mayoría de los usuarios el grado completo 2 (67%). Conclusión: Con los resultados obtenidos puede concluirse que el sector hospitalario sigue siendo muy solicitados dentro de la red de urgencia sin embargo UBS ganó prominencia mayor siendo la referencia de la población estudiada en emergencia servicios.

Objective: to determine the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients served in emergency network/emergence of municipality of Petrolina-Pernambuco. Methods: this was a quantitative study, descriptive-exploratory type. It was in accordance with the resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council in its completeness, developed after approval by the Ethics Committee under Protocol 0006/270611. Results: the majority of the population interviewed was female (72%), married (45.3%) and with the age between 30 and 49 years old (57%). Household income is concentrated in the range of 1 to 3 minimum wages (83.2%), having the most users the complete Secondary School (67%). Conclusion: With the results achieved can be concluded that the hospital sector is still very requested within the network of urgency however UBS gained wider prominence being the reference of the studied population where emergency services.