Adult and pediatric physiologically-based biopharmaceutics modeling to explain lamotrigine immediate release absorption process.

Physiologically-based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) has potential to accelerate the development of new drug and formulations. An important application of PBBM is for special populations such as pediatrics that have pharmacokinetics dependent on the maturation process. Lamotrigine (LTG) is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II drug and is widely prescribed. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the biopharmaceutics risk of the low-soluble drug LTG when the ontogeny on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiological parameters are considered. An oral physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model and a PBBM were developed and verified using GastroPlus™ software for both adults and children (2-12 years old, 12-52 kg). The biopharmaceutics properties and GIT physiological parameters were evaluated by sensitivity analysis. High doses were simulated assuming a worst case scenario, that is, the dose of 200 mg for adults and 5 mg/kg (up to the maximum of 200 mg) for 2-year-old children. Although several authors have suggested that ontogeny may have an effect on gastrointestinal fluid volume, our study found no evidence of interference between fluid and dose volumes with in vivo dissolution of LTG. The most impactful parameter was found to be the gastric transit time. Therefore, the hypothesis is developed to examine whether LTG exhibits characteristics of a BCS II classification in vitro while showing BCS I-like behavior in vivo. This hypothesis could act as a base for conducting novel studies on model-informed precision dosing, tailored to specific populations and clinical conditions. In addition, it could be instrumental in assessing the influence of various release profiles on in vivo performance for both adult and pediatric populations.

Perfuração coronária durante intervenção coronária percutânea: descrição de uma técnica de salvamento / Coronary perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention: description of a salvage technique

A perfuração de artéria coronária durante intervenção coronária percutânea é um evento incomum (0,43%), porém potencialmente grave e com elevado risco de tamponamento cardíaco e morte. Perfurações graves exigem implante de stent recoberto, muitas vezes indisponível. Descrevemos uma técnica alternativa e simples de tratamento, que pode ser realizada com uso de politetrafluoretileno de um balão amarrado sobre um stent coronário.

A coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention is an uncommon (0.43%) but potentially severe event, with high risk of cardiac tamponade and death. Severe perforations require placing a covered stent, which is often unavailable. We describe an alternative and simple treatment technique, which can be performed using polytetrafluoroethylene from a balloon tied over a coronary stent.

Involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases: opportunities for new therapies.

The components of the endogenous cannabinoid system are widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract contributing to local homeostasis. In general, cannabinoids exert inhibitory actions in the gastrointestinal tract, inducing anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, antisecretory, and antiproliferative effects. Therefore, cannabinoids are interesting pharmacological compounds for the treatment of several acute intestinal disorders, such as dysmotility, emesis, and abdominal pain. Likewise, the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, is also under investigation. Patients with chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases present impaired quality of life, and mental health issues are commonly associated with long-term chronic diseases. The complex pathophysiology of these diseases contributes to difficulties in diagnosis and, therefore, in the choice of a satisfactory treatment. Thus, this article reviews the involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract and highlights possible therapeutic approaches related to the use of cannabinoids.

Resource-oriented sanitation: Identifying appropriate technologies and environmental gains by coupling Santiago software and life cycle assessment in a Brazilian case study.

Implementation of resource recovery technologies is becoming increasingly important, as humans are exhausting the world's natural resources. Recovering nutrients and water from wastewater treatment systems will play an important role in changing the current trends towards a circular economy. However, guidance is still needed to determine the most appropriate way to do this. In this study two decision-support tools, sanitation planning software (Santiago) and life cycle assessment (LCA), were applied to identify appropriate technologies and their environmental impacts. As a case study, current and alternative scenarios for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Campo Grande, west-central Brazil, were used. Among 12 scenarios provided by Santiago for efficient nutrient recovery, eight were selected for further assessment. The current WWTP system (UASB reactors) resulted in the highest negative impacts in two of nine assessment categories (freshwater and marine eutrophication), due to nutrient discharge to water. A source separation scenario with urine stored in a urine bank and co-composting of feces showed best overall performance. Electricity consumption played a crucial role for impacts in several categories, while water consumption was not significantly affected by choice of toilet. One Santiago scenario matched the most appropriate scenario with the best environmental performance, but the other seven scenarios were not as beneficial, indicating a need for some adjustments in the software. These results highlight the importance of performing LCA to compare alternative scenarios, even when using a tool designed to identify locally appropriate technologies. The results also indicate that the current wastewater treatment system has reasonable environmental performance, but could be improved if measures were taken to recover energy and reuse water.

Interchangeability among carbamazepine formulations: the impact over epilepsy patients

Abstract The treatment of epilepsy is complex and a matter of concern is the interchangeability among different formulations available for antiepileptic drugs. To evaluate the effects of interchangeability among carbamazepine formulations on patients with epilepsy. This is a prospective cohort study that included adult outpatients diagnosed with epilepsy and under pharmacological treatment with carbamazepine. Before switching the brand/manufacturer, the "Interchangeable Pharmaceutical Product in the Treatment of Epilepsies" questionnaire was applied. The questionnaires "Adverse Events Profile" and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31, so as the plasma carbamazepine concentrations, were evaluated before and after the brand/ manufacturer switch. Physical-chemical tests aiming to assess tablets quality were performed in accordance with the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5th edition. The study population was composed by 14 patients (mean age: 44.6 years), with 10 of females. From those interviewed, 10 had no knowledge about the three antiepileptic drugs formulations available. The frequency of adverse event "problems with skin" incresead (p=0.023) and "upset stomach" decreased (p=0.041) after the changeover. The adverse events profile was associated with only two quality of life domains: "energy/fatigue" (p=0.048) and "total score" (p=0.018). Divergent results between generic and reference formulations were observed in purity-water test (reference: 1.96%, generic: 4.84%) and dissolution test, in which the generic formulation presented 66.27 to 85.77% of carbamazepine dissolved after the third level. Conclusions: Objective differences before and after the brand/manufacturer switch were not observed, in spite of patients' perceptions. Despite that, more studies in the field are necessary, especially on the interchangeability among generic antiepileptics, in order to better elucidate switching consequences on patients' life.

Conhecimento teórico-prático da equipe de enfermagem referente à reanimação cardiopulmonar no âmbito intra-hospitalar / Conocimientos teórico-prácticos del equipo de enfermería sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar en el ámbito hospitalario / Theoretical-practical knowledge of the nursing team regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the hospital environment

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento teórico-prático da equipe de enfermagem referente a reanimação cardiopulmonar no âmbito intra-hospitalar. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada em Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e Base de Dados em Enfermagem. Foram incluídos artigos originais, disponíveis na íntegra, publicados de 2010 a 2020, em qualquer idioma Resultados: como potencialidade, os profissionais sabem como detectar os sinais de parada cardiorrespiratória e realizar a sequência da reanimação cardiopulmonar do suporte básico de vida. Já como fragilidades, a maioria dos profissionais não sabe como realizar a relação compressão/ventilação do suporte avançado de vida, nem como identificar ritmos cardíacos ou fármacos utilizados. Conclusão: o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem, referente a temática, encontra-se fragilizado e está relacionado à importância das capacitações nas instituições de saúde.(AU)

Objective: to describe the theoretical-practical knowledge of the nursing team regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the hospital environment. Method: integrative review, performed in Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and Nursing Database. Original articles, available in full, published from 2010 to 2020, in any language, were included. Results: as a potentiality, professionals know how to detect signs of cardiorespiratory arrest and perform the sequence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation from basic life support. As for weaknesses, most professionals do not know how to perform the compression/ventilation ratio of advanced life support, nor how to identify cardiac rhythms or drugs used. Conclusion: the nursing team's knowledge regarding the theme is fragile and is related to the importance of training in health institutions.(AU)

Objetivo: describir los conocimientos teórico-prácticos del equipo de enfermería sobre la reanimación cardiopulmonar en el ámbito hospitalario. Método: revisión integradora, realizada en Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y Base de Datos de Enfermería. Se incluyeron artículos originales, disponibles íntegramente, publicados de 2010 a 2020, en cualquier idioma. Resultados: como potencialidad, los profesionales saben detectar signos de parada cardiorrespiratoria y realizar la secuencia de reanimación cardiopulmonar desde suporte vital básico. En cuanto a las debilidades, la mayoría de los profesionales no saben cómo realizar la relación compresión/ventilación del soporte vital avanzado, ni cómo identificar los ritmos cardíacos o los fármacos utilizados. Conclusión: el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería sobre el tema está debilitado y se relaciona con la importancia de la formación en las instituciones de salud.(AU)

Reabilitação estética com facetas semidiretas: relato de caso / Aestethic rehabilitation with semidirect facets: case report / Rehabilitación estética con facetas semidirectas: reporte de caso

Introdução: É crescente a busca por tratamentos estéticos nas clínicas odontológicas, dentre esta demanda, encontra-se soluções reabilitadoras para casos de diastemas e incisivos laterais superiores com morfologia conoide, pois são tidos como fatores antiestéticos. Objetivo: Apresentar uma abordagem interdisciplinar no tratamento de diastemas e unidades dentárias com morfologia conoide. Relato de caso: O paciente procurou atendimento odontológico especializado para reabilitação provisória da estética e função das unidades anterossuperiores durante finalização do tratamento ortodôntico e posteriormente, após conclusão da ortodontia, a reabilitação final. Durante o exame clínico foram observados incisivos laterais superiores com morfologia conoides, ângulo incisal amplo entre os incisivos centrais, ausência de guia canina e diastemas. Após registro fotográfico, foram realizadas as restaurações provisórias. Finalizado o tratamento ortodôntico, o plano de tratamento consistiu na reabilitação através das facetas semidiretas em resina composta. Após moldagem anatômica, enceramento e clareamento dentário, foram realizados os preparos dentários e moldagem funcional, sendo a seguir realizado o ensaio restaurador. Sobre o modelo, foram confeccionadas as facetas em resina composta e realizado o acabamento inicial. Para a fase de cimentação priorizou-se a utilização de condicionamento ácido seletivo para esmalte, cimento fotopolimerizado e uso de polimerizador de alta potência. Após a cimentação foram realizados os ajustes oclusais e acabamento final, com texturização da superfície, seguido pelo polimento. Conclusão: O tratamento realizado evidenciou a importância do tratamento ortodôntico associado a Odontologia Restauradora para o restabelecimento da estética e função, obtendo resultados que melhoraram as relações entre dentes, posicionamento dos lábios, harmonia e equilíbrio dental e facial(AU)

Introduction: There is a growing demand for aesthetic treatments in dental clinics, among this demand, there are rehabilitation solutions for cases of diastemas and upper lateral incisors with conoidmorphology, as they are considered as anti-aesthetic factors. Objective: Present an interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of diastemas and dental units with conoid morphology. Case report: The patient sought specialized dental care for provisional rehabilitation of the aesthetics and function of the anterosuperior units during the finalisation of the orthodontic treatment and later, after completion of orthodontics, the final rehabilitation. During the clinical examination, upper lateral incisors with conoid morphology, wide incisal angle between the central incisors, absence of canine guide and diastemas were observed. After photographic register, provisional restorations were performed. After orthodontic treatment was completed, the treatment plan consisted of rehabilitation through semi-direct facets in composite resin. After anatomical moulding, waxing and tooth whitening, dental preparations and functional mouldingwere performed, hereinafter the restorative test was performed. In this connection,facets were made in composite resin and the initial finishing was carried out. For the cementation phase, priority was given to the use of selective acid conditioning for dental enamel, photopolymerized cement and the use of high-power polymerizer. After cementation, occlusal adjustments and finishing touch were performed with surface texturing, followed by polishing. Conclusion: The treatment performed showed the importance of orthodontic treatment associated with restorative dentistry for the restorationof aesthetics and function, obtaining results that improved the relationship between teeth, positioning of the lips, harmony and dental and facial balance(AU)

Introducción: Crece la búsqueda de tratamientos estéticos en las clínicas dentales, entre esta demanda se encuentran las soluciones rehabilitadoras para casos de diastema e incisivos laterales superiores con morfología conoide, por considerarse factores antiestéticos. Objetivo: Presentar un abordaje interdisciplinario en el tratamiento del diastema y unidades dentales con morfología conoide. Caso clínico: El paciente buscó atención odontológica especializada para la rehabilitación temporal de laestética y función de las unidades anterosuperiores durante la finalización del tratamiento de ortodoncia y posteriormente, trasla finalización de la ortodoncia, la rehabilitación final. Durante el examen clínico se observaron incisivos laterales superiores con morfología conoide, amplio ángulo incisal entre los incisivos centrales, ausencia de guía canina y diastema. Después del registro fotográfico, se realizaron restauraciones provisionales. Una vez finalizado el tratamiento de ortodoncia, el plan detratamiento consistió en la rehabilitación mediante carillas de resina compuesta semidirectas. Después del moldeado anatómico, encerado y blanqueamiento dental, se realizaron las preparaciones dentales y el moldeado funcional, seguido de la prueba restauradora.Sobre el modelo, las carillas se realizaron en resina compuesta y se realizó el acabado inicial. Para la fase de cementación se priorizó el uso de grabado ácido selectivo para esmalte, cemento fotopolimerizable y el uso de un polimerizador de alta potencia. Después de la cementación, se realizaron ajustes oclusales y acabado final, con texturizado de la superficie, seguido de pulido. Conclusión: El tratamiento realizado mostró la importancia del tratamiento de ortodoncia asociado a la odontología restauradora para la restauración de la estética y función, obteniendo resultados que mejoraron la relación entre los dientes, la posición de los labios, la armonía y el equilibrio dental y facial(AU)

Human papillomavirus infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma - a systematic review / Infecção por papilomavírus humano e carcinoma espinocelular oral - Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Introduction The association between uterine cervix and anogenital carcinomas and human papillomavirus, HPV, is well established, however the involvement of this virus in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas remains controversial. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between HPV infection and oral squamous cell carcinomas, and to estimate the incidence of this infection in these patients. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to find studies that met the following inclusion criteria: i) performed in humans; ii) were cohort, case-control or cross-sectional; iii) assessed the HPV oncogenic activity by the E6 and E7 mRNA; iv) included primary oral squamous cell carcinomas which; v) diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy. Information about the country; study period; sample obtainment; sites of oral squamous cell carcinomas; number, gender and age range of the population; the prevalence of HPV infection and subtypes detected; use of tobacco or alcohol and oral sex practice were extracted. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using 14 criteria. Results The search strategy retrieved 2129 articles. Assessment of the full text was done for 626 articles, but five were included. The total of participants included was 383, most of them male with mean age between 51.0 and 63.5 years old. Seventeen patients were HPV/mRNA-positive, being the subtypes 16 and 18 detected more frequently. Nine of the HPV/mRNA-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas occurred on the tongue. The quality score average of included articles was five points. Conclusions Among the 383 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients included, 17 (4.4%) were HPV/mRNA-positive, nevertheless it was not possible to assess if HPV infection was associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas because none of the studies included was longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations do not have control group.

Resumo Introdução A associação entre os carcinomas de colo uterino e anogenitais e o papilomavírus humano (HPV) está bem estabelecida; entretanto, o envolvimento desse vírus no desenvolvimento de carcinomas espinocelulares orais permanece controverso. Objetivos Avaliar a relação entre a infecção pelo HPV e os carcinomas espinocelulares orais e estimar a proporção dessa infecção nesses pacientes. Método Quatro bases de dados eletrônicas foram pesquisadas para encontrar estudos que atendessem aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: i) feitos em humanos; ii) estudos do tipo coorte, caso-controle ou transversal; iii) avaliaram a atividade oncogênica do HPV pelo mRNA E6 e E7; iv) incluíram CECOs primários, cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia; v) o diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia. Informações sobre o país; período do estudos; obtenção da amostra; locais dos carcinomas espinocelulares orais; número, sexo e faixa etária da população; prevalência de infecção por HPV e subtipos detectados; informações sobre o uso de tabaco ou álcool e a prática de sexo oral foram obtidas. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos incluídos foi avaliada através de 14 critérios. Resultados A estratégia de busca recuperou 2.129 artigos. A avaliação de texto completo foi feita em 626 artigos, mas apenas cinco foram incluídos. O total de participantes incluídos foi de 383, a maioria do sexo masculino e com média de idade entre 51,0 e 63,5 anos. Dezessete pacientes eram HPV/mRNA-positivos, os subtipos 16 e 18 foram detectados com maior frequência. Nove dos carcinomas espinocelulares orais HPV/mRNA-positivos ocorreram na língua. A média do escore de qualidade dos artigos incluídos foi de cinco pontos. Conclusões Entre os 383 pacientes incluídos com carcinomas espinocelulares orais, 17 (4,4%) eram HPV/mRNA-positivos; entretanto, não foi possível avaliar se a infecção por HPV estava associada com carcinomas espinocelulares orais porque nenhum dos estudos incluídos era longitudinal e as investigações transversais não têm grupo controle.

Human papillomavirus infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma - a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The association between uterine cervix and anogenital carcinomas and human papillomavirus, HPV, is well established, however the involvement of this virus in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between HPV infection and oral squamous cell carcinomas, and to estimate the incidence of this infection in these patients. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched to find studies that met the following inclusion criteria: i) performed in humans; ii) were cohort, case-control or cross-sectional; iii) assessed the HPV oncogenic activity by the E6 and E7 mRNA; iv) included primary oral squamous cell carcinomas which; v) diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy. Information about the country; study period; sample obtainment; sites of oral squamous cell carcinomas; number, gender and age range of the population; the prevalence of HPV infection and subtypes detected; use of tobacco or alcohol and oral sex practice were extracted. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using 14 criteria. RESULTS: The search strategy retrieved 2129 articles. Assessment of the full text was done for 626 articles, but five were included. The total of participants included was 383, most of them male with mean age between 51.0 and 63.5 years old. Seventeen patients were HPV/mRNA-positive, being the subtypes 16 and 18 detected more frequently. Nine of the HPV/mRNA-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas occurred on the tongue. The quality score average of included articles was five points. CONCLUSIONS: Among the 383 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients included, 17 (4.4%) were HPV/mRNA-positive, nevertheless it was not possible to assess if HPV infection was associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas because none of the studies included was longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations do not have control group.

Primeiros socorros como objeto de educação em saúde para profissionais de escolas municipais / Primeros auxilios como objeto de educación en salud para profesionales de escuelas municipales / First aid as an object of health education for municipal school professionals

Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos profissionais de escolas municipais após a prática educativa de atendimento de primeiros socorros na infância. Método: estudo quase­experimental, quantitativo. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário sobre primeiros socorros na infância, aplicado antes e após uma prática educativa com 88 profissionais. Na análise dos dados, adotou-se o percentual de acertos para cada questão e a média percentual de acertos total. Aplicaram-se os testes McNemar e Wilcoxon. Resultados: após a prática educativa, houve aumento significativo no percentual de acertos em seis questões, redução do acerto em uma questão; e não alteração em duas questões, totalizando em 30% o acréscimo da retenção de conhecimento. Conclusão: o nível de conhecimento prévio dos profissionais sobre primeiros socorros foi relativamente baixo, entretanto observou-se uma apreensão de conhecimento significativo após a prática educativa, que poderá contribuir para o atendimento inicial de qualidade à vítima.

Objective: to analyze the knowledge of municipal school professionals after the educational practice of first aid service in childhood. Method: quasi-experimental, quantitative study. For data collection, a questionnaire on first aid in childhood was employed, applied before and after an educational practice with 88 professionals. In the data analysis, the percentage of correct answers for each question and the average percentage of full correct answers were adopted. McNemar and Wilcoxon tests were adopted. Results: after the educational practice, there was a significant increase in the percentage of correct answers in six questions, a reduction in correct answers in one question, and no change in two questions, numbering 30% the increase in knowledge acquisition. Conclusion: the level of professionals previous knowledge about first aid was relatively low, however there was a significant knowledge acquisition after the educational practice, which may contribute to the primary care for the victim with quality.

Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento de los profesionales de las escuelas municipales después de la práctica educativa de primeros auxilios en la infancia. Método: estudio cuasi experimental, cuantitativo. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un cuestionario sobre primeros auxilios en la infancia, aplicado antes y después de una práctica educativa con 88 profesionales. En el análisis de datos se adoptó el porcentaje de aciertos de cada pregunta y la media porcentaje de aciertos total. Se aplicaron las pruebas de McNemar y de Wilcoxon. Resultados: después de la práctica educativa, hubo un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de respuestas correctas en seis preguntas, una reducción en las respuestas correctas en una pregunta y ningún cambio en dos preguntas, totalizando en 30% el aumento en la retención de conocimiento. Conclusión: el nivel de conocimiento previo de los profesionales sobre primeros auxilios fue relativamente bajo, sin embargo, hubo una retención de conocimiento significativa después de la práctica educativa, lo que puede contribuir para una atención inicial de calidad a la víctima.

Expression of circulating microRNAs as predictors of diagnosis and surgical outcome in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.

MicroRNAs have been progressively investigated as post-transcriptional regulators playing important roles in epilepsy pathophysiology. Here we investigate three promising microRNAs (miR-27a-3p, miR-328-3p and miR-654-3p) previously described in the literature as possible peripheral biomarkers for epilepsy diagnose and surgical prognosis. Serum samples from 28 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) were analyzed, 14 with good surgical prognosis (Engel I) and 14 with unfavorable surgical prognosis (Engel III-IV). Serum samples from 11 healthy volunteers were the control group. The microRNAs expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR. The present results did not endorse the role of miR-27a-3p as a peripheral biomarker for epilepsy diagnosis or surgical prognosis. MiR-328-3p, however, presented significant area under the curve (AUC) values when comparing controls to Engel I (90.3%), controls to Engel III-IV (96.8%) and controls to Engel I + Engel III-IV (i.e., epilepsy patients, AUC = 93.5%). Additionally, miR-654-3p displayed AUC = 74.7% when comparing controls to Engel I patients (p = 0.004), and AUC = 73.6% (p = 0.04) in the attempt to discriminate unfavorable from favorable surgical prognosis. In conclusion, the ANOVA and ROC analyzes with the respective AUC, specificity and sensitivity values allows us to conclude that miR-328-3p is the most important peripheral biomarker for the diagnosis of MTLE-HS. In terms of predicting the surgical prognosis of MTLE-HS patients, miR-654-3p proved to be the only microRNA evaluated to present statistical power to differentiate, as a peripheral biomarker, Engel I from Engel III-IV patients.

Psicanálise crítica: a escuta do sofrimento psíquico e suas implicações sociopolíticas / Critical psychoanalysis: psychic suffering listening and its socio-political implications / Psicoanálisis crítico: la escucha del sufrimiento psíquico y sus implicaciones sociopolíticas

O processo de constituição psíquica é perpassado por discursos identificantes que modelam a imagem de si. Esse psiquismo é formado dentro de uma família pertencente a determinado grupo social. A partir da análise do conceito freudiano de mal-estar e do contrato narcísico de Aulagnier, investigamos as lógicas estabelecidas entre o sujeito e a conjuntura social. O reinvestimento narcísico pós-Édipo se pauta no Ideal-de-Eu construído a partir das interdições e dos ideais parentais e socioculturais. Discursos identificatórios hegemônicos, que ressaltam a normatividade nas identidades sexuais, de gênero, étnicas e etárias, constroem identificações marcadas pela exclusão. Pensar nos modos de identificação na contemporaneidade implica assumir que os elementos formadores dessa identidade provêm da história de vida e dos processos histórico-sociais. Neste artigo, analisamos o sofrimento sociopsíquico a partir da narrativa de uma participante de um projeto de pesquisa realizado em centro de atendimento psicológico de uma universidade pública. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, cuja escuta clínica nos propiciou compreender as implicações sociais e políticas do sofrimento psíquico do sujeito em desamparo social. Para tanto, nos apoiamos em conceitos da psicanálise e da análise do discurso crítica para a análise das entrevistas. Observamos que o processo de exclusão social escancara o engodo do pacto social no qual o sujeito é desinvestido e lançado no desamparo. Nesse contexto, a experiência narrada e a escuta analítica crítica podem se estabelecer como estratégias de resistência ante a exclusão social...(AU)

The psyche constitution is permeated by identifying discourses that shape the image of itself. This psyche is constituted within a family belonging to a specific social group. By analyzing the Freudian concept of malaise and Aulagnier's 'narcissistic contract', we investigate the logic between the subject and the social context. The narcissistic reinvestment after Oedipus happens according to the Ideal-of-Ego constructed from the parental and social interdictions, but also following ideational cultural and parental introjection. Hegemonic identificatory discourses that emphasize normativity in sexual, gender, ethnic and age identities construct identities marked by exclusion. Thinking about the modes of identification in contemporaneity implies assuming that the elements that form this identity come from the history of life and social-historical processes. We analyzed the socio-psychic suffering from listening to the narrative of a participant in a research project carried out in a psychological care center of a public university. Individual interviews were conducted whose clinical listening enabled us to understand the social and political implications that constitute the psychic suffering of the subject in social neglect. We rely on concepts of Psychoanalysis and Critical Discourse Analysis that provided us with subsidies for the analysis of interviews. We observe that the process of social exclusion has eluded the deception of the social pact in which the subject is disinvested and cast into helplessness. In this context, narrative experience and critical analytical listening can be established as strategies of resistance to social exclusion...(AU)

La constitución psíquica es atravesada por discursos identificadores que modelan la imagen de sí. Este psiquismo se constituye dentro de una familia perteneciente a cierto grupo social. A partir del análisis del concepto freudiano del malestar y del "contrato narcisista" de Aulagnier, analizamos las lógicas establecidas entre el sujeto y la coyuntura social. La reinversión narcisista después del Edipo se basa en el Ideal-de-Yo construido a partir de prohibiciones y ideales parentales y socioculturales. Los discursos identificatorios hegemónicos que resaltan la normatividad en las identidades sexuales, de género, étnicas y de edad construyen identificaciones marcadas por la exclusión. Pensar en los modos de identificación en la contemporaneidad implica asumir que los elementos formadores de esa identidad provienen de la historia de vida y de los procesos histórico-sociales. En este artículo, analizamos el sufrimiento sociopsíquico desde la escucha de la narrativa de una participante de un proyecto de investigación realizado en centro de atención psicológica de una universidad pública. Se realizaron entrevistas cuya escucha clínica nos propició comprender las implicaciones sociales y políticas que constituyen el sufrimiento psíquico del sujeto en desamparo social. Apoyamos en conceptos del Psicoanálisis y del Análisis del Discurso Critico para analizar las entrevistas. Observamos que el proceso de exclusión social desvela el engaño del pacto social en el cual el sujeto es desinvestido y lanzado en el desamparo. En ese contexto, la experiencia narrada y la escucha analítica crítica pueden establecerse como estrategias de resistencia ante la exclusión social...(AU)

Modulation of NMDA receptor by miR-219 in the amygdala and hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis is the most frequent form of focal epilepsy in adults, and it is often refractory to drug treatment. Regardless of the efforts on developing new antiepileptic drugs for refractory cases, studies suggest a need for better understanding the molecular bases of epilepsy. The microRNAs have been progressively investigated as potential targets for both epilepsy mechanisms elucidation and treatment. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the differential expression of miR-219, miR-181b, and miR-195, previously described as regulators of the excitatory neurotransmitter receptors NMDA-R1 and AMPA-GluR2 and inhibitory neurotransmitter GABAA (α2, ß3, and γ2 subunits) in the amygdala and hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Based on genes and miRNAs' quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) from 18 patients with epilepsy, our results showed an inverse relationship between miR-219 and NMDA-NR1 expression in both the amygdala and hippocampus in comparison to their expression in controls. NR1 and GluR2 were upregulated in the amygdala of epileptic patients. Low miR-195 expression was observed in the amygdala of patients with epilepsy. Our findings indicate that miR-219 has a possible regulatory role in excitatory neurotransmission in patients with epilepsy, contributing to the new avenue of miRNA biology in drug-resistant epilepsy, reserving huge potential for future applications and clinical interventions in conjunction with existing therapies.

Expression of MicroRNAs miR-145, miR-181c, miR-199a and miR-1183 in the Blood and Hippocampus of Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-145, miR-181c, miR-199a and miR-1183 in the hippocampus and blood of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and to investigate whether these can be used as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for epilepsy. Hippocampus and blood samples were collected from 20 patients with MTLE-HS, ten of whom had a favorable surgical outcome (Engel I) and ten with an unfavorable surgical outcome (Engel III-IV). Hippocampus samples from autopsied individuals with no neurological or psychiatric medical history (necropsy samples) and blood samples from healthy individuals were used as controls. Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was used to analyze miRNA expression. The results showed that the expressions of these miRNAs differed quantitatively in the hippocampus and blood of patients with MTLE-HS in comparison to the respective control. This difference was most pronounced for miR-145, which was hypo-expressed in the hippocampus and hyper-expressed in the blood of MTLE-HS patients. MiRNAs miR-145, miR-181c, miR-199a and miR-1183 were hyper-expressed in the blood of patients with MTLE-HS. No statistical differences in the levels of these miRNAs in the blood or hippocampus were found between Engel I patients and Engel III-IV patients. These results suggest that the analyzed microRNAs are potential circulating biomarkers for epilepsy diagnosis.

Life Cycle Assessment of prospective MSW management based on integrated management planning in Campo Grande, Brazil.

A crucial first step in transforming problematic waste management into sustainable integrated systems is comprehensive planning and analysis of environmental and socio-economic effects. The work presented here is a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that addressed the environmental performance of prospective development pathways for the municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in a large urban area, i.e. Campo Grande, Brazil. The research built on data and expanded the main development pathway proposed in the municipalities integrated waste management plan, which covers a period of 20 years (2017-2037). The system progression was assessed for milestone years (5-year intervals) considering projections of future population and waste generation growth, as well as addressing the development of surrounding systems, such as energy production. Results reveal that the rather conservative planned development pathway, which is largely based on gradual increase in selective collection, could successfully counter negative environmental externalities that would otherwise materialize due to increasing waste generation. A second, more ambitious, pathway with additionally scheduled actions to treat mixed MSW and upgrade certain treatment technologies (e.g. from composting to anaerobic digestion of collected organics), was used to illustrate a potential range for significantly higher impact reduction and even positive externalities, given a zero burden approach before waste generation.

Identification of Hypsarrhythmia in Children with Microcephaly Infected by Zika Virus.

Hypsarrhythmia is an electroencephalographic pattern specific to some epileptic syndromes that affect children under one year of age. The identification of this pattern, in some cases, causes disagreements between experts, which is worrisome since an inaccurate diagnosis can bring complications to the infant. Despite the difficulties in visually identifying hypsarrhythmia, options of computerized assistance are scarce. Aiming to collaborate with the recognition of this electropathological pattern, we propose in this paper a mathematical index that can help electroencephalography experts to identify hypsarrhythmia. We performed hypothesis tests that indicated significant differences in the groups under analysis, where the p-values were found to be extremely small.

The Exact VC Dimension of the WiSARD n -Tuple Classifier.

The Wilkie, Stonham, and Aleksander recognition device (WiSARD) n -tuple classifier is a multiclass weightless neural network capable of learning a given pattern in a single step. Its architecture is determined by the number of classes it should discriminate. A target class is represented by a structure called a discriminator, which is composed of N RAM nodes, each of them addressed by an n -tuple. Previous studies were carried out in order to mitigate an important problem of the WiSARD n -tuple classifier: having its RAM nodes saturated when trained by a large data set. Finding the VC dimension of the WiSARD n -tuple classifier was one of those studies. Although no exact value was found, tight bounds were discovered. Later, the bleaching technique was proposed as a means to avoid saturation. Recent empirical results with the bleaching extension showed that the WiSARD n -tuple classifier can achieve high accuracies with low variance in a great range of tasks. Theoretical studies had not been conducted with that extension previously. This work presents the exact VC dimension of the basic two-class WiSARD n -tuple classifier, which is linearly proportional to the number of RAM nodes belonging to a discriminator, and exponentially to their addressing tuple length, precisely N(2n-1)+1 . The exact VC dimension of the bleaching extension to the WiSARD n -tuple classifier, whose value is the same as that of the basic model, is also produced. Such a result confirms that the bleaching technique is indeed an enhancement to the basic WiSARD n -tuple classifier as it does no harm to the generalization capability of the original paradigm.

Qualidade de vida e eventos adversos de pacientes com epilepsia farmacorresistente em uso de lamotrigina / Quality of life and adverse events of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy using lamotrigine

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Introdução: O tratamento farmacológico é a primeira opção para o tratamento da epilepsia, e cerca de 40% dos pacientes necessitam de politerapia para melhor controle das crises epilépticas, o que pode estar associado ao aumento de eventos adversos e comprometimento da qualidade de vida. Objetivos: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com epilepsia farmacoresistente em uso de lamotrigina (LTG), bem como verificar a associação dos eventos adversos dos antiepilépticos com a qualidade de vida. Metodologia: Este estudo transversal foi realizado com 75 pacientes com epilepsia farmacorresistente em uso LTG atendidos em um Ambulatório de Epilepsia de Difícil Controle de Ribeirão Preto-SP, no período de maio/2011 a abril/2012. As variáveis clínicas analisadas foram a qualidade de vida (Quality of Life in Epilepsy - Qolie-31) e o perfil de eventos adversos (AEP ­ Adverse Events Profile Questionnaire). Dados sociodemográficos e farmacoterapêuticos foram coletados através dos prontuários dos pacientes. Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), cujo número do processo é 8791/2010. Resultados: Os eventos adversos mais frequentes foram sonolência e dificuldade de concentração. Além disso, observou-se baixos escores em todos os domínios relacionados à qualidade de vida (Qolie-31). Conclusão: A qualidade de vida possui associação inversamente significativa com os eventos adversos, nos pacientes em uso de antiepilépticos (p<0,01). (AU)

Study design: Cross-sectional study. Introduction: Pharmacological treatment is the first option to treat epilepsy, and about 40% of patients require polytherapy to better control epileptic seizures, which may be associated with an increase in adverse events and impairment of quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy using lamotrigine (LTG), as well as to verify the association of adverse events with antiepileptic drugs with quality of life. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 75 patients with drugresistant epilepsy using LTG, in a Clinic of Epilepsy of Difficult Control of Ribeirão Preto-SP, from May/2011 to April / 2012. The clinical variables analyzed were Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE31) and the Adverse Events Profile Questionnaire (AEP). Socio-demographic and pharmacotherapeutic data were collected through patient records. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), whose case number is 8791/2010. Results: The most frequent adverse events were somnolence and difficulty concentrating. In addition, low scores were observed in all domains related to quality of life (Qolie-31). Conclusion: Quality of life has an inverse association with adverse events in patients using antiepileptic drugs (p <0.01). (AU)

Drug-resistant epilepsy and topiramate: Plasma concentration and frequency of epileptic seizures.

Topiramate (TPM) is a second-generation antiepileptic drug (AED), acting on drug-resistant epilepsy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the dose, use of other AEDs on TPM plasma concentration (Cp ), and frequency of epileptic seizures. A cross-sectional analytical study was developed with patients aged 18-60 years, for diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy, using TPM in monotherapy or associated with other AEDs. The following variables were analyzed: age, frequency of epileptic seizures, pharmacotherapeutic regimen with its respective doses, adherence to medication treatment, and adverse events score. Thirty-seven patients were included, 83.8% of the patients presented Cp below the therapeutic range. Multiple linear regression estimated that the increase of 1.0 mg/kg/d promoted an increase of 0.68 µg/mL in TPMCp , while the use of inducers predicted a reduction of 2.97 µg/mL (P < .001). Multiple Poisson regression predicts that an increase of 1.0 µg/mL in TPMCp decreased the patient's chance of presenting seizures, and patients using AED inducers were about ten times more likely to present seizures than those who do not use (P < .001). In addition, for patients using AED inducers with Cp below the therapeutic range, the mean number of seizures per month was greater than those with Cp within the therapeutic range. The prescribed dose and the use of AED inducers influence Cp of TPM, likewise the low Cp of first-line AEDs and of the adjuvant in the treatment, TPM, as well as low TPM dose seem to affect the control of epileptic seizures.