RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the available literature on the association between characteristics of the food environment and household food insecurity. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: Studies published until January 9th, 2023, were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASE and LILACS databases. The included studies were summarized with a narrative synthesis with information on the study location, population studied, prevalence and type of measure/instrument used to assess food (in)security, method of evaluating the food environment and measure between food insecurity and food environment. RESULTS: Twenty-two articles were included. Different methods were used to measure food security and the food environment. Most food insecurity assessment tools assessed the dimension of access to food, more precisely economic access. The dimensions of the food environment most evaluated were food availability and affordability. An association between characteristics of the food environment and food insecurity was found in 18 of these studies. Homes with food insecurity have a greater availability of unhealthy foods, more frequent purchasing of foods in convenience stores and small markets as well as a lower availability of healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: This review revealed that household food insecurity was associated with the food environment, highlighting the importance of policies to promote healthy diets, especially in vulnerable communities. Few studies were found in the Global South, demonstrating the gap in this knowledge in these locations.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The degree of conversion (DC) of resin cements can be affected by ceramics, and by the type of resin cement. The purpose was to evaluate the influence of thickness and translucencies of lithium disilicate ceramic on the DC of resin cements: two light-cure (Variolink LC; NX3 LC) and one dual-cure (NX3 Dual). METHODS: IPS e.max Press ceramic (A2) discs were prepared in 4 thicknesses (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) and in 3 translucencies: HT (high translucency), LT (low translucency), and MO (medium opacity). Subsequently, 234 samples of resin cement (5 x 1 mm) were light-cured through those ceramic discs. The DC was assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS: Ceramic thicknesses decreased DC of NX3 Dual through HT-1.0 and HT 1.5 (p=0.005). Between translucencies, only MO-0.3 affected Variolink LC DC (p=0.018). There was difference among light- and dual-cured resin cements (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Increasing thickness and opacity lead to a decrease in the DC of all resin cements, with a significantly lower DC value in NX3 Dual (HT-1.0; HT-1.5), and in Variolink LC (MO- 0.3). Light- and dual-cured resin cements were different among each other. NX3 Dual achieved a significantly lower value than its counterpart NX3 LC.
Assuntos
Porcelana Dentária , Cimentos de Resina , Cimentos de Resina/química , Teste de Materiais , Porcelana Dentária/química , Cerâmica/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de FourierRESUMO
Gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) is an aggressive disease characterized by a high frequency of metastasis and poor overall survival rates. GEC presents HER2 overexpression in 5 to 25% of tumors eligible for HER2-targeted therapy. HER2 evaluation requires protein levels and copy number alteration analyses by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (FISH or SISH), respectively. These are semiquantitative methodologies that need an expert and well-trained pathologist. Therefore, the use of new surrogate methods for HER2 evaluation in cancer, such as gene expression analysis, might improve GEC HER2 classification. We evaluated HER2 positivity in GEC through conventional IHC and SISH analyses and investigated the potential application of HER2 mRNA expression by quantitative PCR to categorize GEC samples as HER2-positive or HER2-negative. Among 270 GEC samples, 10.9% were HER2-positive by IHC and SISH analyses. HER2 mRNA was overexpressed in HER2-positive GEC samples and presented high accuracy in distinguishing those tumors from HER2-negative GEC. Nevertheless, HER2 mRNA analysis was not capable of classifying HER2-equivocal GEC samples into HER2-positive or -negative according to SISH data. Quantitative PCR analysis showed HER2 overexpression in HER2-positive GEC samples. Nevertheless, HER2 mRNA analysis failed to classify HER2-equivocal GEC according to SISH data.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Hibridização In Situ , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
Gastroesophageal cancer (GEC) is an aggressive disease characterized by a high frequency of metastasis and poor overall survival rates. GEC presents HER2 overexpression in 5 to 25% of tumors eligible for HER2-targeted therapy. HER2 evaluation requires protein levels and copy number alteration analyses by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (FISH or SISH), respectively. These are semiquantitative methodologies that need an expert and well-trained pathologist. Therefore, the use of new surrogate methods for HER2 evaluation in cancer, such as gene expression analysis, might improve GEC HER2 classification. We evaluated HER2 positivity in GEC through conventional IHC and SISH analyses and investigated the potential application of HER2 mRNA expression by quantitative PCR to categorize GEC samples as HER2-positive or HER2-negative. Among 270 GEC samples, 10.9% were HER2-positive by IHC and SISH analyses. HER2 mRNA was overexpressed in HER2-positive GEC samples and presented high accuracy in distinguishing those tumors from HER2-negative GEC. Nevertheless, HER2 mRNA analysis was not capable of classifying HER2-equivocal GEC samples into HER2-positive or -negative according to SISH data. Quantitative PCR analysis showed HER2 overexpression in HER2-positive GEC samples. Nevertheless, HER2 mRNA analysis failed to classify HER2-equivocal GEC according to SISH data.
RESUMO
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the ten most frequent and deadly cancers, without effective therapies for most patients. More recently, drugs targeting deregulated growth factor signaling receptors have been developed, such as HGF-MET targeted therapy. We assessed MET and HGF genetic alterations and gene and protein expression profiles in ESCC patients from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute and publicly available datasets, as well as the intratumor heterogeneity of the alterations found. Our analyses showed that HGF and MET genetic alterations, both copy number and mutations, are not common in ESCC, affecting 5 and 6% of the cases, respectively. HGF showed a variable mRNA expression profile between datasets, with no alterations (GSE20347), downregulation (GSE45670), and upregulation in ESCC (our dataset and GSE75241). On the other hand, MET was found consistently upregulated in ESCC compared to non-tumor surrounding tissue, with median fold-changes of 5.96 (GSE20347), 3.83 (GSE45670), 6.02 (GSE75241), and 5.0 (our dataset). Among our patients, 84% of the tumors showed at least a two-fold increase in MET expression. This observation was corroborated by protein levels, with 55% of cases exhibiting positivity in 100% of the tumor cells. Intratumor heterogeneity was evaluated in at least four tumor biopsies from five patients and two cases showed a consistent increase in MET expression (at least two-fold) in all tumor samples. Our data suggested that HGF-MET signaling pathway was likely to be overactivated in ESCC, representing a potential therapeutic target, but eligibility for this therapy should consider intratumor heterogeneity.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Brasil , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismoRESUMO
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the ten most frequent and deadly cancers, without effective therapies for most patients. More recently, drugs targeting deregulated growth factor signaling receptors have been developed, such as HGF-MET targeted therapy. We assessed MET and HGF genetic alterations and gene and protein expression profiles in ESCC patients from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute and publicly available datasets, as well as the intratumor heterogeneity of the alterations found. Our analyses showed that HGF and MET genetic alterations, both copy number and mutations, are not common in ESCC, affecting 5 and 6% of the cases, respectively. HGF showed a variable mRNA expression profile between datasets, with no alterations (GSE20347), downregulation (GSE45670), and upregulation in ESCC (our dataset and GSE75241). On the other hand, MET was found consistently upregulated in ESCC compared to non-tumor surrounding tissue, with median fold-changes of 5.96 (GSE20347), 3.83 (GSE45670), 6.02 (GSE75241), and 5.0 (our dataset). Among our patients, 84% of the tumors showed at least a two-fold increase in MET expression. This observation was corroborated by protein levels, with 55% of cases exhibiting positivity in 100% of the tumor cells. Intratumor heterogeneity was evaluated in at least four tumor biopsies from five patients and two cases showed a consistent increase in MET expression (at least two-fold) in all tumor samples. Our data suggested that HGF-MET signaling pathway was likely to be overactivated in ESCC, representing a potential therapeutic target, but eligibility for this therapy should consider intratumor heterogeneity.
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Brasil , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-met/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
The pathological and molecular findings associated with Talaromyces marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by canine distemper virus (CDV) are described in a dog. The principal pathological alteration occurred in the lungs. Histopathology confirmed multifocal granulomatous pneumonia associated with numerous intralesional and intracellular septate fission cells consistent with T. marneffei. A molecular assay designed to amplify a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of T. marneffei provided positive results from two fungal cultures derived from the lung. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, antigens of the CDV N protein were identified within the bronchial epithelium by immunohistochemistry and a PCR assay amplified the CDV N gene from hepatic and pulmonary fragments. Collectively, the pathological and molecular techniques confirmed a diagnosis of T. marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by CDV. These findings represent the first description of pulmonary penicilliosis in the dog and extend the geographical niche of this emerging infectious pathogen. In this case, infection by CDV may have induced immunosuppression, which facilitated the development of pulmonary penicilliosis.
Assuntos
Cinomose/complicações , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Micoses/veterinária , Pneumonia/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Cães , TalaromycesRESUMO
Differentiation of micronuclei (MN) caused by ionizing radiation from those caused by chemicals is a crucial step for managing treatment of individuals exposed to radiation. MN in binucleated lymphocytes in peripheral blood are widely used as biomarkers for estimating dose of radiation, but they are not specific for ionizing radiation. MN induced by ionizing radiation originate predominantly as a result of chromosome breaks (clastogenic action), whereas MN caused by chemical agents are derived from the loss of entire chromosomes (aneugenic action). C-banding highlights centromeres, which might make it possible to distinguish radiation induced MN, i.e., as a byproduct of acentric fragments, from those caused by the loss of entire chromosomes. To test the use of C-banding for identifying radiation induced MN, a blood sample from a healthy donor was irradiated with 3 Gy of Co-60 gamma rays and cultured. Cells were harvested and dropped onto slides, divided into a group stained directly with Giemsa and another processed for C banding, then stained with Giemsa. The frequency of MN in 500 binucleated cells was scored for each method. In preparations stained with Giemsa directly, the MN appeared as uniformly stained structures, whereas after C banding, some MN exhibited darker regions corresponding to centromeres that indicated that they were not derived from acentric fragments. The C-banding technique enables differentiation of MN from acentric chromosomal material. This distinction is useful for improving the specificity of the MN assay as a biomarker for ionizing radiation.
Assuntos
Bandeamento Cromossômico , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/efeitos da radiação , Testes para Micronúcleos/métodos , Doses de Radiação , Radiação Ionizante , Biomarcadores/análise , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , HumanosRESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder presenting heterogeneous clinical manifestations. A number of genes involved in SLE susceptibility are related to the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. IFN mediates innate immune responses and its increased levels contribute to the breakdown of peripheral tolerance. Interferon-induced helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) activates and modulates IFN responses through its caspase recruitment domain. In this study, we analyzed four IFIH1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs6432714, rs10930046, rs1990760, and rs3747517, in 337 patients with SLE and 373 healthy individuals from southeast and northeast Brazil. Our results did not find an association between IFIH1 SNPs and SLE (P value >0.025 after Bonferroni's adjustment). However, meta-analysis of peer-reviewed articles from 2008 to 2015 and data from this study indicated an association between rs1990760 and SLE onset (P < 0.05). This is the first association analysis on IFIH1 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility in Brazilian populations.
Assuntos
Estudos de Associação Genética , Interferon Tipo I/genética , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por Interferon/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Brasil , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Imunidade Inata/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/patologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Streams are very important environments for Neotropical freshwater fish fauna, and possess a high number of species. These small drainages are also highlighted by their intrinsic biological and physicochemical features; however, knowledge on the genetic distribution of fish in these drainages is limited. Therefore, in the present study, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and microsatellite markers were used to analyze population differentiation and gene flow of Astyanax altiparanae and Geophagus brasiliensis from three sites (high, medium, and low) throughout the Penacho stream (about 32 km long), which is a Neotropical stream. Both markers revealed higher levels of genetic diversity levels for A. altiparanae (: 90.05; HS: 0.350) compared to G. brasiliensis (: 30.43; HS: 0.118), which may be related to the particular biology of each species. AMOVA revealed significant genetic variation among populations of each species. All pairwise ΦST values were significant, ranging from 0.020 to 0.056 for A. altiparanae samples, and from 0.065 to 0.190 for G. brasiliensis samples. Bayesian clustering analysis corroborated these results and revealed clusters of both A. altiparanae (two based on RAPD data) and G. brasiliensis (two based on RAPD data and three on microsatellite data). Gene flow estimates showed that there were similar rates of migration among A. altiparanae samples and low rates of migration among some G. brasiliensis samples. These results suggest patterns of fine-scale genetic structure for both species in the Penacho stream. This information may enhance knowledge of Neotropical streams and may be useful for future management and conservation activities.
Assuntos
Characidae/genética , Ciclídeos/genética , Genética Populacional , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Animais , Água Doce , Fluxo Gênico , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , RiosRESUMO
The dyslipidemia associated with excess weight is a risk profile global call for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dyslipidemias and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adolescents, considering sexual maturation. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 432 adolescents from public schools, aged 10-19 years. The correlations between the variables from the lipid profile and the Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), sexual maturation, familial history and maternal education were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was the most prevalent dyslipidemia (50.5%), regardless of gender. There were significant correlations between triglycerides and BMI (r = 0.30, p<0.01), WC (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and WHtR (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). The linear model, which took into consideration sexual maturation, age and BMI, explain about 1 to 10.4% of the lipid profile variation. The low HDL-c was the most prevalent dyslipidemia in all adolescents and hypertriglyceridemia was most prevalent in overweight adolescents. Associations between dyslipidemias and anthropometric indicators (BMI and RCA) detected in this study can generate the hypothesis of the risk factors for CVD in adolescents.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune systemic disease characterized by small vessel involvement that leads to tissue ischemia and fibroblast stimulation resulting in accumulation of collagen (fibrosis) in the skin and internal organs. Lipomembranous panniculitis is a peculiar type of fat necrosis and has been reported with clinical conditions, commonly with peripheral vascular diseases. We describe a case of a 43-year-old woman with SSc manifestations, who presented with black scaly skin plaques, associated with thickening of the subcutaneous fat tissue, on the lateral surface of her thighs, her calves, gluteal area and lower abdomen. Biopsy revealed lipomembranous panniculitis. Lipomembranous changes have been seen in connective tissue disorders such as lupus profundus, morphea, systemic sclerosis and panniculitis associated with dermatomyositis, but rarely in thighs, calves, gluteal area and lower abdomen.
Assuntos
Paniculite/etiologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Pele/patologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Paniculite/patologia , Escleroderma Sistêmico/patologiaRESUMO
Esophageal cancer is among the most common and fatal tumors in the world. Eighty percent of esophageal tumors are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Brazil is one of the high incidence areas in the West, where tobacco and alcohol consumption have been associated with ESCC. However, polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes may also contribute to the risk. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the risk of ESCC associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption and with polymorphisms of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*2), CYP2E1 (CYP2E1*5B, CYP2E1*6), GSTP1 (Ile105Val), GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in 126 cases and 252 age- and gender-matched controls. Data on the amount, length and type of tobacco and alcohol consumed were collected, and DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes from all individuals. Polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-multiplex (GSTM1 and T1), PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (CYP2E1*5B and *6 and GSTP1 Ile105Val) or allele-specific PCR amplification (CYP2A6*2). Risks were evaluated by multivariate conditional regression analysis. As expected, tobacco [odds ratio (OR) = 6.71, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.08-14.63] and alcohol (OR = 16.98, CI 7.8-36.98) consumption, independently or together (OR = 26.91, CI 13.39-54.05) were risk factors. GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was an independent risk factor (OR = 2.12, CI 1.37-3.29), whereas GSTT1 wild-type was an independent protective factor for ESCC (OR = 0.37, CI 0.16-0.79). There was approximately 80% statistical power to detect both results. There was no risk associated with CYP2A6, CYP2E1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms. In conclusion, this study suggests an opposite role of GSTP1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms for the risk for ESCC.
Assuntos
Hidrocarboneto de Aril Hidroxilases/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Glutationa S-Transferase pi/genética , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Oxigenases de Função Mista/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citocromo P-450 CYP2A6 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Fatores de Risco , FumarRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar as características morfométricas e mecânicas dos músculos sóleo e gastrocnêmio após imobilização na posição de encurtamento. MÉTODO: 20 ratos Wistar (250 ± 20g) foram distribuídos igualmente em grupos imobilizado e controle. A imobilização foi realizada no membro posterior esquerdo por meio de órtese de resina acrílica, com a articulação do tornozelo em flexão plantar máxima. Após 7 dias da imobilização, a massa muscular, número e comprimento de sarcômeros em série, área das fibras musculares, densidade de área de tecido conjuntivo intramuscular e força máxima de ruptura do tríceps sural foram avaliados. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p< 0,05). RESULTADOS: O músculo sóleo imobilizado apresentou alterações em todas as variáveis morfométricas analisadas, enquanto que, no músculo gastrocnêmio, algumas adaptações não foram observadas. Na análise do ensaio de tração, o grupo imobilizado apresentou redução de 20 por cento na força máxima de ruptura muscular. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que curto período de imobilização promove alterações nos parâmetros morfométricos das fibras musculares, com repercussões na mecânica muscular. Tais resultados permitem sugerir a necessidade da reabilitação em músculos submetidos à imobilização, mesmo a curto prazo, para que a mesma possibilite o retorno precoce das características musculares normais.
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the morphometric and mechanical characteristics of the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles after immobilization in a shortened position. METHODS: 20 Wistar rats (250 ± 20g) were divided equally into immobilized and control groups. The left hind limb was immobilized by means of an acrylic resin orthosis, with the ankle joint at maximum plantar flexion. After seven days of immobilization, the muscle mass, number and length of sarcomeres in series, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, density of the intramuscular connective tissue area and tensile strength of the triceps surae muscle were evaluated. The data were analyzed by the ANOVA and Tukey tests (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The immobilized soleus muscle presented changes in all the morphometric variables analyzed, while some of these changes were not observed in the gastrocnemius muscle. Analysis of the traction test showed that the immobilized group presented a 20 percent decrease in the maximum tensile muscle strength. CONCLUSION: The results from this study showed that short-term immobilization causes changes to the morphometric parameters of the muscle fibers, with repercussions on muscle mechanics. These results suggest the need for rehabilitation of muscles subjected to immobilization, even if only for a short period, in order to achieve early recovery of normal muscle characteristics.
Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Imobilização , Músculo Esquelético , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Cell-mediated immune responses to BCG vaccine were evaluated in 7-month-old infants vaccinated with intradermal combined BCG and Hepatitis B or intradermal BCG and intramuscular Hepatitis B at birth. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from both groups showed CD4(+), CD8(+) and remarkable gammadelta(+) T cell BCG-specific proliferation, without significant differences. Also, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha concentrations in culture supernatants, measured by ELISA, were similar. The results suggested that the combined BCG and Hepatitis B vaccine was as immunogenic as BCG separated from Hepatitis B vaccine.
Assuntos
Vacina BCG/imunologia , Vacinas contra Hepatite B/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/análise , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Citocinas/biossíntese , Feminino , Humanos , Imunização , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Vacinas Combinadas/imunologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess erythrocyte and plasma copper concentrations and correlate them with the lipid profile of overweight and obese children and adolescents. The study was performed with 15 overweight and 30 obese children and adolescents, and the results were compared to the control group (21), aged 6-16 yr. Anthropometric assessment was carried out using body mass index (BMI). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride serum levels were investigated. Erythrocyte and plasma copper levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Greater alterations in the lipid profile were observed in HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, with distinctions according to gender. The plasma copper concentrations in the overweight and obese male groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (p = 0.0006). Negative correlations between plasma copper and total cholesterol (r = -0.54) and LDL cholesterol (r = -0.59) were observed in the obese male group. There was no statistical difference in copper erythrocyte concentrations. The obesity associated to disorders in lipid metabolism predisposes to changes in copper plasma concentrations, but there was no alteration in intracellular reserves, which suggests an important homeostatic control to compensate for plasma oscillations and metabolic alterations of the disease.
Assuntos
HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Cobre/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , SobrepesoRESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mixed lymphocyte culture as a predictive assay of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We studied 153 patients who received a first bone marrow transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings. Acute GVHD was observed in 26 of 128 (20.3%) patients evaluated and chronic GVHD occurred in 60 of 114 (52.6%). One-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) assays were performed by the standard method. MLC results are reported as the relative response (RR) from donor against patient cells. The responses ranged from -47.0 to 40.7%, with a median of 0.5%. The Kaplan-Meier probability of developing GVHD was determined for patients with positive and negative MLC. There was no significant difference in incidence of acute GVHD between the groups studied. However, the incidence of chronic GVHD was higher in recipients with RR >4.5% than in those with RR < or =4.5%. The Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to examine the effect of MLC levels on incidence of chronic GVHD, while adjusting for the potential confounding effect of others suspected or observed risk factors. The relative risk of chronic GVHD was 2.5 for patients with positive MLC (RR >4.5%), 2.9 for those who received peripheral blood progenitor cells as a graft, and 2.2 for patients who developed previous acute GVHD. MLC was not useful for predicting acute GVHD, but MLC with RR >4.5% associated with other risk factors could predict the development of chronic GVHD, being of help for the prevention and/or treatment of this late complication.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/epidemiologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Humanos , Incidência , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mixed lymphocyte culture as a predictive assay of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We studied 153 patients who received a first bone marrow transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings. Acute GVHD was observed in 26 of 128 (20.3 percent) patients evaluated and chronic GVHD occurred in 60 of 114 (52.6 percent). One-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) assays were performed by the standard method. MLC results are reported as the relative response (RR) from donor against patient cells. The responses ranged from -47.0 to 40.7 percent, with a median of 0.5 percent. The Kaplan-Meier probability of developing GVHD was determined for patients with positive and negative MLC. There was no significant difference in incidence of acute GVHD between the groups studied. However, the incidence of chronic GVHD was higher in recipients with RR >4.5 percent than in those with RR <=4.5 percent. The Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to examine the effect of MLC levels on incidence of chronic GVHD, while adjusting for the potential confounding effect of others suspected or observed risk factors. The relative risk of chronic GVHD was 2.5 for patients with positive MLC (RR >4.5 percent), 2.9 for those who received peripheral blood progenitor cells as a graft, and 2.2 for patients who developed previous acute GVHD. MLC was not useful for predicting acute GVHD, but MLC with RR >4.5 percent associated with other risk factors could predict the development of chronic GVHD, being of help for the prevention and/or treatment of this late complication
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Doença Aguda , Brasil , Doença Crônica , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Antígenos HLA , Incidência , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
An outbreak of human leptospirosis due to recreational activities occurred at São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil in November 1987. It involved a group of persons who had participated in a gathering in a suburb club which had a swimming pool fed with natural water. Epidemiological investigation was carried out and laboratory tests from the patients were done. It was observed that a high prevalence of the pomona serotype (91%) was found in the serological analyses, while the presence of the agent of the infection could not be found in the water club swimming pool.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Piscinas , Microbiologia da Água , Testes de Aglutinação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Leptospirose/diagnósticoRESUMO
Os autores relatam um caso de retinoblastoma com ecografia e estudam a importancia da tomografia computadorizada no diagnostico da invasao do nervo optico