Perception of first-order grating acuity and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity in anisometropia amblyopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To study the perception of first-order grating acuity and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity in patients with monocular anisometropia amblyopia.METHODS:A total of 715 children(715 eyes)diagnosed as monocular anisometropia amblyopia in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2022 were collected as amblyopia group, and 745 children(745 eyes)with normal corrected visual acuity were collected. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), first-order grating acuity and/or second-order spatial contrast sensitivity were measured, repectively. The perception ability of amblyopia patients to first-order grating acuity and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity were analyzed.RESULTS:There were significant differences between amblyopia group and normal control group in the perception of first-order grating acuity(11.58±6.10 vs. 20.27±3.47, P<0.001)and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity(0.33±0.16 vs 0.12±0.04, P<0.001). And there were significant differences between mild-to-moderate amblyopia and severe amblyopia patients in first-order grating acuity(12.10±6.23 vs. 8.13±3.70, P<0.001)and second-order spatial contrast sensitivity(0.32±0.16 vs. 0.37±0.17, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The first-order and second-order visual pathway of the cerebral cortex in children with monocular anisometropia amblyopia have different degrees of damage. The injury of severe amblyopia is more serious than that of mild-to-moderate amblyopia.

Research progress on the association between built environment and myopia in children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Myopia is the most common visual impairment among children and adolescents. With the acceleration of urbanization, the relationship between myopia and factors of the built environment, such as building density, living space, green environment, etc, has attracted widespread attention in society. A growing number of studies have shown that the factors of the built environment play an important role in the onset and progression of myopia. This current review focuses on the effects of the built environment on myopia in children and adolescents, summarizes the association between the built environment and myopia in children and adolescents from the aspects of environmental density, living space and green space environment, and discusses the potential paths of the association, including affecting the light environment and restricting the outdoor activities of children and adolescents, which could provide environmental etiological clues for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents and reduce the burden of public health caused by myopia.

Clinical value of peripheral regulatory cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of peripheral regulatory T cells, NK cells, and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving radiotherapy. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, 105 patients with NSCLC and 45 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Sixty-two patients were newly diagnosed, and 43 patients had relapsed. The lymphocyte subsets of patients with NSCLC were examined in fasting peripheral venous blood samples, and the influencing factors of progression-free survival were analyzed through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in NSCLC patients was significantly higher (P<0.05); the high expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in recurrent NSCLC patients was further confirmed compared with the newly diagnosed patients. CD19+B cells, CD4+cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 was significantly decreased and CD8+T cells as well as CD8+CD28-T cells were signifi-cantly increased in NSCLC patients (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in NK, NKT, γδT, CD3+, and CD8+CD28+T cells between patients and controls (P>0.05). In 40 patients with recurrence, the number of regulatory T cells increased compared with that in pa-tients with relapse, and the proportion of CD4+T cells and ratio of CD4/CD8 decreased. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The high proportion of regulatory T cells was associated with progression-free survival [hazard ratio (HR)=2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 to 6.11, P=0.019]. There was no significant association between other lymphocyte subsets and progression-free sur-vival. In addition to lymphocyte subsets, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was negatively correlated with progression-free survival (HR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.01 to 7.05, P=0.033). There was a positive correlation between lymphocyte and progression-free survival (HR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.03, P=0.042). According to clinicopathological features, the degree of tumor differentiation, T stage, and N stage in NSCLC patients were related to clinical prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent factors affecting progression-free survival were CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells and N stage (P<0.05). The proportion of regulatory T cells in patients with dis-ease progression was significantly higher than that in patients with stable disease, partial remission, and complete remission (P<0.05). The diagnostic efficacy of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in predicting progression-free survival in patients with NSCLC was analyzed using a receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) with an area under the curve of 0.915. When the optimal threshold was 2.85, the predictive sensitivity of peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells for progression-free survival in NSCLC patients was 87.7% and the specificity was 71.4%. Conclusions: CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in crease in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC receiving radiotherapy and play as an independent factor in the progression of NSCLC. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells can predict the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.

Clinical observation of early detection of open angle glaucoma by the application of isolated-check visual evoked potential / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To explore the value of qualitative pattern of isolated-check visual evoked potential ( ic-VEP) in the early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG) , and to provide an objective and effective basis for the early diagnosis of clinical glaucoma. Methods Sixty-eight patients (82 eyes) with normal POAG were randomly selected. Forty-seven normal individuals (76 eyes) were as control group. Both groups were treated to analyze ic-VEP,the defect of the visual field, the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFLT) , and the mult-ivariate correlation analysis between ic-VEP, the visual field and RNFLT was performed. The sensitivity and speci-ficity of ic-VEP in the diagnosis of POAG was analysis in this study. Results There were no significant differences in age, diopter and central corneal thickness between glaucoma group and normal control group. However, the in-traocular pressure ( IOP) , the visual field, RNFLT and ic-VEP between two groups were statistically different( P＜0.01) . The correlation analysis of ic-VEP Signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR) with diopter, IOP, the visual field and RN-FLT in the glaucoma group showed that ic-VEP SNR was significantly associated with IOP, the visual field and RN-FLT damage(P＜0.01). The sensitivity of ic-VEP to detect POAG was 90.2% and the specificity was 88.2% . Ic-VEP and the visual field, RNFLT had good consistency. Conclusion Ic-VEP has high sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Meanwhile ic-VEP SNR is associated with the damage of retinal nerve fiber layer and the visual field damage.

Inflammation-causing effects and mechanism of natural killer cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis rats / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a common animal model of uveitis.Natural killer (NK) cells have been confirmed to be a type of strong inflammation-causing cells,but its role in EAU is still studing.Objective This study was designed to explore the role and mechanism of NK cells in the pathogenesis of EAU.Methods Thirty-six SPF Lewis rats were randomly divided into expeimental control group and EAU 6-,9-,12-,16-,and 21-day groups (6 rats for each group).Rats in EAU group received subcutaneous injection interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) combining 5 mg/ml tubercle bacillus with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) emulsion in foot pads,and then 400 ng pertussis toxin was intraperitoneally injected to extablish EAU models in the EAU 6-,9-,12-,16-,and 21-day group,and normal saline solution combined with CFA and 400 ng pertussis toxin was used in the same way in the experimental control group.The inflammatory response was observed by slit lamp daily after modeling and scored based on Caspi criteria.The eyeballs were extracted in 6,9,12,16 and 21 days after modeling for retinal histopathological examination,Immunofluorescent double-staining was employed to detect and locate the expression of NK cells in the retina.In addition,25 model rats were divided into EAU 0-,3-,6-,9-and 12-day groups,with 5 rats for each group,and eyeballs were extracted to prepare tissue homogenate.The expression of CXCL10 mRNA,and CXCL12 mRNA NK cell chemokines,in the tissue homogenate was assayed by real-time quantitative PCR.The use and care of the rats followed Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animal by State Science and Technology Commission.Results No inflammatory sign in ocular anterior segment of the rats was seen in the experimental control group.The expansion of rat iris vessels was found in the EAU 6-day group,and exudes and hypopyon of the anterior chamber occurred in the EAU 9-day group and the inflammation peaked in the EAU 12-day gorup.The rat retinal structure was normal in the experimental control group,and the arrangement disorder of retinal structure,the cell separation in outer nuclear layer and damage of photoreceptors were found under the optical microscope in different degree in various EAU groups,with the most serious change in the EAU 12-day group.Immunofluorescent double staining showed normally arranged nucleus in the experimental control group,and a lot of NK infiltration was seen in the EAU 6-day group and peaked in the EAU 9-day group.The expression level of CXCL10 mRNA in the EAU 9-day group was 34.298 ± 16.689,which was significantly higher than that in the EAU 3-,6-and 12-day group,respectively (1.390 ± 0.660,3.359 ± 2.581,4.711 ±1.387) (all at P＜0.01).No significant differences were found in the relative expression of CXCL12 mRNA among different EAU groups (F=2.851,P＞0.05).Conclusions Retinal NK cell infiltration occurs in the early stage of EAU,and the severity of NK cell infiltration is consistent with the inflammatory process and CXCL10 expression,suggesting NK cells play an important role in the early stage of EAU,and CXCL10 is an important chemokine of NK cells in EAU rats.

Bioassay-guided isolation of functional components from hot water extract of Chlorella pyrenoidosa / 生物工程学报

The main functional ingredients of hot water extract of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CPE) were investigated through a bioassay-guided fractionation based on free radical scavenging and macrophage proliferation effects. The main functional ingredients of CPE were polysaccharides (PS) that were isolated by high pressure extraction, Sevag method, ethanol precipitation and ultrafiltration separation. Crude polysaccharides were further separated and purified by ion exchange chromatography DEAE52 and size exclusion chromatography Sephadex G-100. The purified fractions were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography. Molecular weights of the purified fractions PS-1-4-2, PS-1-3-2 and PS-2-3-3 were 3.97×10⁴, 2.28×10⁴ and 4.1×10³ Da, respectively. Bioassay-guided fractionation results indicated that CPE could remove free radicals and promote Ana-1 cells proliferation, mainly due to its various components working together. The components of free radicals scavenging mainly concentrated in PS-1-3, PS-1-4, PS-2-3 and PS-2-4. The components of Ana-1 proliferation mainly concentrated in PS-1-3, PS-1-4 and PS-2-3. This study established the activity screening method of main functional component from CPE, and got three new functional ingredients. It can be used to guide the development of high value products, further promote the industrialization process of microalgae energy, and realize microalgae 'high value products, microalgae energy and microalgae carbon' integration of exemplary role.

A comparative study on visual acuity and stereopsis outcomes between perceptual learning based on cloud services and conventional therapy for amblyopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of spatial vision that results in both monocular and binocular deficits.Conventional therapy for amblyopia which focuses on monocular training can improve visual acuity.However,how to improve the binocular function,especially stereopsis is rarely studied.Objective This study was to evaluate the outcome of perceptual learning based on cloud services of improving stcreopsis and visual acuity for amblyopia.Methods A randomized-controlled clinical study was performed.One hundred and seven amblyopic patients (178 eyes) with the age of 5-18 years old were recruited in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from July 2013 to March 2014.The patients were randomized into the perceptual learning group and the conventional therapy group.A perceptual learning based on cloud services with computer under the best corrected visual acuity was carried out in the perceptual learning group with 30-day duration as a course for 5-6 cycles,and training feedback data was obtained after each cycle for the regulation of following treatment.The dominant eye was covered during the training process.In the conventional therapy group,a training regimen of health eye covering that combined with eyesight training of amblyopic eye was performed.The stereopsis and visual acuity of the patients were estimated after training.Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or custodians of the children before entering the cohort.Results The total effective rate of visual acuity improvement is significantly higher in the perceptual learning group than that in the conventional therapy group after training (Z =6.368,P=0.012).The mean stereopsis value of the amblyopic eyes in the perceptual learning group and the conventional therapy group was (127±53) and (174±67) after training,which was significantly higher than (273 ±95) and (311 ±103) before training,respectively,and the increasing range of the mean stereopsis was considerably larger in the perceptual learning group than that in the conventional therapy group(t=12.329,9.557,15.649;all at P＜0.05).In the perceptual learning group,the improving range of mean stereopsis was larger in the severe or moderate amblyopic eyes than that in the mild amblyopic eyes,and the improving range of mean stereopsis in ametropic amblyopia was larger than that in anisometropic amblyopia (all at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Both perceptual learning based on cloud services and conventional therapy can improve stereopsis and visual acuity in amblyopic eyes.However,perceptual learning based on cloud services can improve the treating compliance of children.

Research status and prospect on hot water extract of Chlorella: the high value-added bioactive substance from Chlorella / 生物工程学报

Chlorella is nutritious and has been used as a functional food much earlier than the other microalgae. C. pyrenoidosa, the potential microalgae which is currently cultured and developed for the new strategic industry of biofuels production and biological CO2 fixation, is a new resource food announced by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China late 2012. Accumulation of high value-added substances in C. pyrenoidosa during the cultivation for lipid makes it possible to reduce the costs for C. pyrenoidosa-based biofuels production. Among these potential substances, hot water extract of Chlorella (CE), commercially known as "Chlorella growth factor", is the unique one that makes Chlorella more precious than the other algae, and the market price of CE is high. It is believed that CE is effective in growth promotion and immunoregulation. However, there is no systematic analysis on the research status of CE and its bioactivity. The present report summarized recent research progress of CE and its bioactivity. Generally, besides the main effect on immunoregulation and tumor inhibition, CE was efficient in improving metabolic syndrome, scavenging for free radicals, protecting against ultraviolet damage, chelating heavy metals, and protecting liver and bowel. Several major challenges in CE research as well as its prospects were also analysed in the present report.

Carbamate insecticide methomyl confers cytotoxicity through DNA damage induction.

Carbamate insecticide methomyl could induce genotoxic effects, including micronuclei, chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges. However, methomyl induction of cytotoxicity through DNA damage is largely unknown. Here we identify cytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of methomyl in vitro. We have employed alkaline comet assay, γH2AX foci formation and DNA ladder assay to detected DNA damage and apoptosis of Drosophila S2, HeLa and HEK293 cells. The alkaline comet assay was used to evaluate total DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) in the target cells exposed in vitro to sublethal concentrations of methomyl. As expected, methomyl induced significant concentration-dependent increases in DNA damage of target cells compared with the negative control, as measured by increases in tail length (µm), tail DNA (percentage of the comet tail) and tail moment (arbitrary units). In agreement with the comet assay data, the percentage of γH2AX positive reaction in HeLa cells also revealed methomyl caused DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, methomyl induced a significant increase of apoptosis in Drosophila S2, HeLa and HEK293 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as determined by Urea PAGE DNA fragmentation analysis. In conclusion, methomyl is a strongly genotoxic agent that induces cell DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro at these sublethal concentrations.

Comparison of 3D conformal radiotherapy with conventional radiotherapy in gliomas on dosimetry and prognosis / 重庆医学

Objective In contrast to conventional radiotherapy ,analyze the dosimetry and prognosis of 3D conformal radiothera-py in the treatment of gliomas with different pathological stages .Methods 97 patients with gliomas were selected ,and divided into two groups as conventional radiotherapy group (CR group) and 3D conformal radiotherapy group(3D group) .analyzed the influence of different radiotherapy to the gliomas in the same pathological stage .Compared the dosimetry differences between these two radio-therapies .Results There was no obvious differences in 3 year survival rate between CR group and 3D group at low grade gliomas . But 3D group had better 3 year survival rate than CR group at high grade gliomas .And 3D group had lower rate of relevant sequel after radiotherapy .3D group had higher conformal index (CI) and average dosage of radiation than CR group .Conclusion 3D radio-therapy has better dosimetry and conformal index than conventional radiotherapy ,especially has better prognosis in high grade glio-mas and lower rate of relevant sequel after radiotherapy .

Strategies for research and development and commercial production of microalgae bioenergy / 生物工程学报

With the dwindling of fossil fuels supply and the urgent need for the development of low-carbon economy, microalgae bioenergy, both renewable and environmentally friendly, has become one of the worldwide focuses. Given its benefit to the security of national energy supply, microalgae energy is particularly significant for China, with more than 50% crude oil imported and limited arable land for grain and edible oil production. In this article, both the advantages of microalgae bioenergy and the challenges of its development are addressed, which involves fundamental research and technology development as well as commercial production. Furthermore, strategies are proposed for China's microalgae bioenergy development, and its prospects are projected.

Effects of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata Blume on retina of ischemia reperfusion rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata Blume(GEP) on levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide(NO);and the retinal morphology after rat retina ischemia reperfusion injury.Method Retinal ischemia was induced in SD rats by increasing the intraocular pressure to 16 kPa for 60 min via cannulation into the anterior chamber.SD rats were divided into five groups randomly: Small dose GEP group,Middle dose GEP group,Large dose GEP group,Vitamin E group and Negative contral group.At 60 min,24 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion,levels of SOD,MDA and NO in rat retinas were measured,and histopathologic changes were observed.Results At 60 min,24 h and 72 h after ischemia reperfusion,levels of SOD in rat retinas in middle,large dose GEP groups were significantly higher than that in negative control group(P