Environmental and economic assessment of the construction, operation, and demolition of a decentralized composting facility.

Decentralized waste treatment facilities are recently highlighted for the treatment of solid waste in rural areas for being cheap, flexible, and reliable. Among them, decentralized composting is most commonly used. Many forms of decentralized composting facilities also develop and apply in developing countries, but the environmental and economical performances remain unknown. Therefore, this study analyzed the environmental impacts and cost of a decentralized composting facility through life cycle assessment and life cycle cost. The functional unit was the construction, operation, and demolition the composting facility. Contribution and sensitivity analysis were also performed to find out the most influential processes and parameters. The facility had a 10-year designed life span and could treat about 5840 t organic waste in its life cycle. The life cycle environmental impacts were 646,700 kg CO2-eq, 8980 kg SO2-eq, -28 kg P-eq, 7.09 × 10-3 CTUh, 0.13 CTUh, and 16,754 kg oil-eq for climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity cancer effects, human toxicity non-cancer effects, and fossil resources scarce, respectively. The life cycle cost was 1080.925 k CNY. When scaling to treating 1 t organic waste, the environmental impacts were close to those of similar decentralized and centralized composting facilities and the cost was lower than those of centralized biological treatment plants when excluding revenues from compost. According to the contribution and sensitivity analysis, the operation stage had the largest environmental impacts. The composting and compost substitution processes in the operation stage were the most sensitive processes. This study proved quantitatively that the decentralized facility was feasible both environmentally and economically and enriched the study cases for decentralized composting facilities.

Construction of artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis model for colonoscopy / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To establish an artificial intelligence deep learning model using clinical colonoscopy images and video to assist the diagnosis by colonoscopy. Methods More than 600000 colonoscopy images were collected in endoscopic center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2014 to 2018, and endoscopic experts recorded a large number of high-quality operation video of colonoscopy as analysis data. After repeated discussion by six experts, the classified intestinal sites and pathological features were determined, and fuzzy and confusable images were deleted. The final selection result was approximately 1 out of 4. And then the features of images were marked using an independently developed software. The deep learning algorithm was developed using TensorFlow platform of Google. Results After repeated comparison and analysis of the results of machine training and judgment results combined with pathology from endoscopic experts, the sensitivity of the model for some diseases ( such as colon polyps) was 99％ under laboratory conditions. In the clinical colonoscopy test, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of this model for diagnosis of colon polyps were 98. 30％(4187/4259), 88. 10％ (17620/20000), and 92. 92％ [2×98. 30％×88. 10％/(98. 30％+88. 10％)], respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for ulcerative colitis were 78. 32％ ( 2671/3410) , and 67. 06％(13412/20000), respectively. The diagnosis time spent on a single image was 0. 5±0. 03 s, and it was the real time for application, including system recognition, text prompt in video image, background record and storage. Conclusion The artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis model developed by our team can identify colonic polyps, colorectal cancer, colorectal eminence, colonic diverticulum, ulcerative colitis, etc. The auxiliary diagnosis model of colon disease can guide beginners to carry out colonoscopy, and can improve lesion detection rate, reduce misdiagnosis rate, and improve the overall operating efficiency of endoscopic center, which is conducive to the quality control of colonoscopy.

Clinical application of preset balloon in abdominal aorta in assisting cesarean section for patients with placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of preset balloon in abdominal aorta in assisting cesarean section for patients with placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta.Methods Preset balloon in abdominal aorta was performed in 72 patients with placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta before cesarean section was carried out.Of the 72 patients,pernicious placenta previa (type A) was seen in 33,scar uterus,placenta previa with placenta accreta (type B) in 36 patients,and placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta with no cesarean section history (type C) in 3.The amount of blood loss during cesarean section,the course of uterine resection,the X-ray radiation dose in performing placement of balloon,and the procedure-related complications were recorded.Results The average amount of intraoperative blood loss in type A,B and C group was 1461 ml,947 ml and 533 ml,respectively.Subtotal hysterectomy was adopted in 9 patients and uterine repair in 32 patients.The average radiation doses in 17 patients who received preset balloon procedure in 2015 and in 55 patients who received preset balloon procedure in 2016 were (28.5±14.1) mGy and (3.7±2.5) mGy,respectively.During hospitalization period,one patient developed right superficial femoral artery thrombosis,one patient developed venous thrombosis of right lower extremity,and subcutaneous hematoma occurred in two patients.Conclusion Temporary occlusion of the abdominal aorta with preset balloon to assist the cesarean section for patients with placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta can effectively reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss and markedly reduce hysterectomy rate.The procedure of preset balloon is simple,and the X-ray exposure time is short.Skilled and experienced manipulation can further reduce the incidence of complications.

Dynamic Posturography of Injured Lower Limb in Postural Evoked Response / 法医学杂志

Objective To analyze the balance function of injured lower lim b by dynam ic posturography. Methods Using the dynam ic posturography instrum ent, the postural evoked responses of sixty-two norm al people and two hundred and fifty-eight people with injured lower lim b bones and joints were detected. The test was included sensory organization test(SO T) and adaption test(ADT).The results of two groups were com pared by t test. Results Com pared with the norm al people, the im paired people had significant statistical differences in balance scores of SO T3-SO T6 and proportion score of dynam ic proprioception (P<0.05). There was no obvious decrease in ADT. Conclusion The balance function of injured lower lim b significantly decreases.