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This research aimed to clarify the effects of exogenously applied chitosan on the physiological characteristics, antioxidant activities, and Cd accumulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under cadmium (Cd) stress and to identify the key indicators based on the partial least squares model. The wheat variety studied was Bainong207 (BN207), and Cd-stress was achieved by growing seedlings in a hydroponic culture experiment with 10 and 25 µmol·L-1 Cd2+ added to the culture solution. It was found that both Cd-stress at 10 and 25 µmol·L-1 significantly inhibited the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and biomass accumulation of wheat seedlings. Seedling roots became shorter and thicker, and the lateral roots decreased under Cd-stress. The Cd-stress also increased H2O2 and MDA accumulation and the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation and affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). Under Cd stress, exogenous chitosan decreased the Cd content in the aboveground and underground parts of wheat by 13.22 %-21.63 % and 7.92 %-28.32 % and reduced Cd accumulation in the aboveground and underground parts by 5.37 %-6.71 % and 1.91 %-4.09 %, respectively. Whereas exogenous chitosan application significantly reduced the content of H2O2 in roots and aboveground parts of wheat by 38.21 %-47.46 % and 45.81 %-55.73 % and MDA content by 37.65 %-48.12 % and 29.87 %-32.51 %, it increased the activities of SOD and POD in roots by 2.78 %-5.61 % and 13.81 %-18.33 %, respectively. In summary, exogenous chitosan can improve the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat seedlings under Cd stress, reduce the content and accumulation of Cd in the root and aboveground parts of wheat, and alleviate the damage of lipid peroxidation to the cell membrane. All of these results provide the basal data for the application of exogenous chitosan to alleviate Cd toxicity to wheat seedlings.
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Antioxidantes , Cádmio , Quitosana , Plântula , Triticum , Triticum/metabolismo , Triticum/efeitos dos fármacos , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cádmio/toxicidade , Cádmio/metabolismo , Quitosana/metabolismo , Quitosana/farmacologia , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismoRESUMO
We experimentally apply incoherent Fourier ptychography to enhance the resolution of recorded images by projecting known, uncorrelated, random patterns at high speed onto 3D moving and distant objects. We find that the resolution enhancement factor can be greater than 2, depending on the projection and camera optics.
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BACKGROUND: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening dermatological emergency mainly induced by drug hypersensitivity reactions. Standard management includes discontinuation of culprit drug and application of immunomodulatory therapy. However, mortality remains high due to complications like septic shock and multiorgan failures. Innovative approaches for skin care are crucial. This report introduces borneol-gypsum, a traditional Chinese drug but a novel dressing serving as an adjuvant of TEN therapy, might significantly improve skin conditions and patient outcomes in TEN. CASE SUMMARY: A 38-year-old woman diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis experienced gangrenous complications and motor nerve involvement. After initial treatment of high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, symptom of foot drop improved, absolute eosinophil counts decreased, while limb pain sustained. Duloxetine was added to alleviate her symptom. Subsequently, TEN developed. Additional topical application of borneol-gypsum dressing not only protected the skin lesions from infection but also significantly eased localized pain. This approach demonstrated its merit in TEN management by promoting skin healing and potentially reducing infection risks. CONCLUSION: Borneol-gypsum dressing is a promising adjuvant that could significantly improve TEN management, skin regeneration, and patient comfort.
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The niobium oxide dihalides have recently been identified as a new class of van der Waals materials exhibiting exceptionally large second-order nonlinear optical responses and robust in-plane ferroelectricity. In contrast to second-order nonlinear processes, third-order optical nonlinearities can arise irrespective of whether a crystal lattice is centrosymmetric. Here, we report third harmonic generation (THG) in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxide iodides, namely NbOI2 and TaOI2. We observe a comparable THG intensity from both materials. By benchmarking against THG from monolayer WS2, we deduce that the third-order susceptibility is approximately on the same order. THG resonances are revealed at different excitation wavelengths, likely due to enhancement by excitonic states and band edge resonances. The THG intensity increases for material thicknesses up to 30 nm, owing to weak interlayer coupling. After this threshold, it shows saturation or a decrease, due to optical interference effects. Our results establish niobium and tantalum oxide iodides as promising 2D materials for third-order nonlinear optics, with intrinsic in-plane ferroelectricity and thickness-tunable nonlinear efficiency.
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The intermitochondrial cement (IMC) and chromatoid body (CB) are posited as central sites for piRNA activity in mice, with MIWI initially assembling in the IMC for piRNA processing before translocating to the CB for functional deployment. The regulatory mechanism underpinning MIWI translocation, however, has remained elusive. We unveil that piRNA loading is the trigger for MIWI translocation from the IMC to CB. Mechanistically, piRNA loading facilitates MIWI release from the IMC by weakening its ties with the mitochondria-anchored TDRKH. This, in turn, enables arginine methylation of MIWI, augmenting its binding affinity for TDRD6 and ensuring its integration within the CB. Notably, loss of piRNA-loading ability causes MIWI entrapment in the IMC and its destabilization in male germ cells, leading to defective spermatogenesis and male infertility in mice. Collectively, our findings establish the critical role of piRNA loading in MIWI translocation during spermatogenesis, offering new insights into piRNA biology in mammals.
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Proteínas Argonautas , Grânulos de Ribonucleoproteínas de Células Germinativas , RNA de Interação com Piwi , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas Argonautas/metabolismo , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Mamíferos/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Espermatogênese/genética , Testículo/metabolismoRESUMO
"Heteromorphic self-incompatibility" (HetSI) in plants is a mechanism of defense to avoid self-pollination and promote outcrossing. However, the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown. In this study, RNA-seq was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying self-compatible (SC, "T × P" and "P × T") and self-incompatible (SI, "T × T" and "P × P") pollination in the two types of flowers of Plumbago auriculata Lam. which is a representative HetSI plant. By comparing "T × P" vs. "T × T", 3773 (1407 upregulated and 2366 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 1261 DEGs between "P × T" and "P × P" (502 upregulated and 759 downregulated). The processes in which these DEGs were significantly enriched were "MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases-plant) signaling pathway", "plant-pathogen interaction","plant hormone signal transduction", and "pentose and glucuronate interconversion" pathways. Surprisingly, we discovered that under various pollination conditions, multiple notable genes that may be involved in HetSI exhibited distinct regulation. We can infer that the HetSI strategy might be unique in P. auriculata. It was similar to "sporophytic self-incompatibility" (SSI) but the HetSI mechanisms in pin and thrum flowers are diverse. In this study, new hypotheses and inferences were proposed, which can provide a reference for crop production and breeding.
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Inspired by energy conversion and waste reuse, hybridized Ni-MOF derivative-CdS-DETA/g-C3N5, a type-II heterojunction photocatalyst, is synthesized by a hydrothermal method for simultaneous and highly efficient photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution in dye wastewater. Without the addition of cocatalysts and sacrificial agents, the optimal MOF-CD(2)/CN5 (i.e. Ni-MOF derivative-CdS-DETA (20 wt.%)/g-C3N5) exhibit good bifunctional catalytic activity, with a H2 evolution rate of 2974.4 µmol g-1 h-1 during the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), and a removal rate of 99.97% for RhB. In the process of H2-evolution-only, triethanolamine is used as a sacrificial agent, exhibiting a high H2 evolution rate (19663.1 µmol g-1 h-1) in the absence of a cocatalyst, and outperforming most similar related materials (such as MOF/g-C3N5, MOF-CdS, CdS/g-C3N5). With the help of type-II heterojunction, holes are scavenged for the oxidative degradation of RhB, and electrons are used in the decomposition of water for H2 evolution during illumination. This work opens a new path for photocatalysts with dual functions of simultaneous efficient degradation and hydrogen evolution.
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A novel ternary photocatalyst Ni3S4@ZIS@C3N5 with type II and Z-type heterojunctions was synthesized for the first time by hydrothermal and electrostatic self-assembly methods, effectively avoiding the thermal decomposition of C3N5 during the synthesis of the complex. The best ternary catalyst Ni3S4@ZIS@C3N5 is capable of achieving an optimal hydrogen evolution rate of 9750 mmol g-1 h-1, which is approximately 10.89 times as high as that of C3N5, indicating that the complex effectively enhanced the photocatalytic properties of the monomer. The coexistence of two types of heterojunctions in the complex effectively enhances photocatalytic performance, in which the monomer ZIS constructs type II scheme with Ni3S4 and Z-type scheme with C3N5, respectively. The two heterojunctions complement each other and jointly promote the rapid electron transfer from Ni3S4 and C3N5 to the ZIS surface. In conclusion, the cooperation of the two heterojunctions efficiently facilitates the migration of photogenerated carriers, thus enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance of Ni3S4@ZIS@C3N5.
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HidrogênioRESUMO
Takayasu arteritis(TAK)is characterized by early onset,long course,high disability rate,and heavy disease burden,which seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients.Therefore,it is important to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TAK and implement comprehensive chronic disease management.However,there are no relevant guidelines or expert consensus so far.Therefore,Professor JIANG Lin-di from the Department of Rheumatology,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University has led the development and release of the"Chinese multidisciplinary recommendations on the chronic diseases management throughout the entire course of Takayasu arteritis",aiming to standardize the diagnosis and treatment process and implement full life cycle management for patients.This article interprets the consensus to facilitate the understanding and application of its essence by clinical physicians in rheumatology and related disciplines.
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The aim of this study was to clarify the response characteristics of Chinese cabbage pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) under two particle size (100 nm and 1000 nm) polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPs) stress conditions. This study can provide a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the interpretation of the physiological and ecological mechanism of microplastic pollution and the bioremediation of microplastic-contaminated soil. Hydroponic experiments were carried out to study the effects of two particle sizes (100 nm and 1000 nm) of PS-MPs on growth, photosynthetic physiology, antioxidant enzyme activities, nutritional quality, anatomical structure, and canopy temperature in Chinese cabbage pakchoi. The results showed that PS-MPs stress significantly inhibited the growth and development of Chinese cabbage pakchoi. When PS-MPs stress was increased, the phenotypic indicators were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, PS-MPs stress significantly enhanced the oxidative stress response of Chinese cabbage pakchoi, such as the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves. Such a change tended to decrease the thickness of fenestrated and leaf and spongy tissues. Moreover, PS-MPs stress significantly increased the canopy population temperature of the Chinese cabbage pakchoi leaves. Microplastic stress had obvious inhibitory effects and toxic damage on the growth, development, and physical and chemical properties of Chinese cabbage pakchoi.
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Brassica , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Poliestirenos/toxicidade , TemperaturaRESUMO
Introduction: Efficiently recognizing emotions is a critical pursuit in brain-computer interface (BCI), as it has many applications for intelligent healthcare services. In this work, an innovative approach inspired by the genetic code in bioinformatics, which utilizes brain rhythm code features consisting of δ, θ, α, ß, or γ, is proposed for electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition. Methods: These features are first extracted from the sequencing technique. After evaluating them using four conventional machine learning classifiers, an optimal channel-specific feature that produces the highest accuracy in each emotional case is identified, so emotion recognition through minimal data is realized. By doing so, the complexity of emotion recognition can be significantly reduced, making it more achievable for practical hardware setups. Results: The best classification accuracies achieved for the DEAP and MAHNOB datasets range from 83-92%, and for the SEED dataset, it is 78%. The experimental results are impressive, considering the minimal data employed. Further investigation of the optimal features shows that their representative channels are primarily on the frontal region, and associated rhythmic characteristics are typical of multiple kinds. Additionally, individual differences are found, as the optimal feature varies with subjects. Discussion: Compared to previous studies, this work provides insights into designing portable devices, as only one electrode is appropriate to generate satisfactory performances. Consequently, it would advance the understanding of brain rhythms, which offers an innovative solution for classifying EEG signals in diverse BCI applications, including emotion recognition.
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With the rapid development of high-resolution 3D vision applications, the traditional way of manipulating surface detail requires considerable memory and computing time. To address these problems, we introduce an efficient surface detail processing framework in 2D normal domain, which extracts new normal feature representations as the carrier of micro geometry structures that are illustrated both theoretically and empirically in this article. Compared with the existing state of the arts, we verify and demonstrate that the proposed normal-based representation has three important properties, including detail separability, detail transferability and detail idempotence. Finally, three new schemes are further designed for geometric surface detail processing applications, including geometric texture synthesis, geometry detail transfer, and 3D surface super-resolution. Theoretical analysis and experimental results on the latest benchmark dataset verify the effectiveness and versatility of our normal-based representation, which accepts 30 times of the input surface vertices but at the same time only takes 6.5% memory cost and 14.0% running time in comparison with existing competing algorithms.
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The bright coniferous forest area in the cold temperate zone of China is a terrestrial ecosystem primarily dominated by low mountain Larix gmelinii trees. Limited information is available regarding the assembly mechanisms and interactions of microbial communities in the soil in this region. This study employed high-throughput techniques to obtain DNA from myxomycetes, bacteria, and fungi in the soil, evaluated their diversity in conjunction with environmental factors, associated them with the assembly process, and explored the potential interaction relationships between these microorganisms. The findings of our study showed that environmental factors had a more significant influence on the α and ß diversity of bacteria compared to myxomycetes and fungi. Microbial communities were influenced by environmental selection and geographical diffusion, although environmental selection appeared to have a more significant impact than geographical diffusion. Our study suggested that different microorganisms exhibited unique evolutionary patterns and may have different assembly modes within phylogenetic groups. Myxomycetes and fungi exhibited a similar assembly process that was mainly influenced by stochastic dispersal limitation and drift. In contrast, bacteria's assembly process was primarily influenced by stochastic drift and deterministic homogeneous selection. The community of myxomycetes and fungi is greatly influenced by spatial distribution and random events, while bacteria have a relatively stable population composition in specific regions and may also be subject to environmental constraints. Finally, this study revealed that Humicolopsis cephalosporioides, a fungus that exclusively resided in cold environments, may play a critical role as a keystone species in maintaining molecular ecological networks and was considered a core member of the microbiome.
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Solo , Traqueófitas , Ecossistema , Filogenia , Microbiologia do Solo , Florestas , FungosRESUMO
PIWI-clade proteins harness piRNAs of 24-33 nt in length. Of great puzzles are how PIWI-clade proteins incorporate piRNAs of different sizes and whether the size matters to PIWI/piRNA function. Here we report that a PIWI-Ins module unique in PIWI-clade proteins helps define the length of piRNAs. Deletion of PIWI-Ins in Miwi shifts MIWI to load with shorter piRNAs and causes spermiogenic failure in mice, demonstrating the functional importance of this regulatory module. Mechanistically, we show that longer piRNAs provide additional complementarity to target mRNAs, thereby enhancing the assembly of the MIWI/eIF3f/HuR super-complex for translational activation. Importantly, we identify a c.1108C>T (p.R370W) mutation of HIWI (human PIWIL1) in infertile men and demonstrate in Miwi knock-in mice that this genetic mutation impairs male fertility by altering the property of PIWI-Ins in selecting longer piRNAs. These findings reveal a critical role of PIWI-Ins-ensured longer piRNAs in fine-tuning MIWI/piRNA targeting capacity, proven essential for spermatid development and male fertility.
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RNA de Interação com Piwi , Testículo , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Animais , Testículo/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Espermatogênese/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , Fertilidade/genética , Proteínas Argonautas/genética , Proteínas Argonautas/metabolismoRESUMO
Developing cost-effective and highly efficient photocathodes toward polysulfide redox reduction is highly desirable for advanced quantum dot (QD) photovoltaics. Herein, we demonstrate nitrogen doped carbon (N-C) shell-supported iron single atom catalysts (Fe-SACs) capable of catalyzing polysulfide reduction in QD photovoltaics for the first time. Specifically, Fe-SACs with FeN4 active sites feature a power conversion efficiency of 13.7% for ZnCuInSe-QD photovoltaics (AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm2), which is the highest value for ZnCuInSe QD-based photovoltaics, outperforming those of Cu-SACs and N-C catalysts. Compared with N-C, Fe-SACs exhibit suitable energy level matching with polysulfide redox couples, revealed by the Kelvin probe force microscope, which accelerates the charge transferring at the interfaces of catalyst/polysulfide redox couple. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the outstanding catalytic activity of Fe-SACs originates from the preferable adsorption of S42- on the FeN4 active sites and the high activation degree of the S-S bonds in S42- initiated by the FeN4 active sites.
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In this article, it is shown experimentally that a planar laser-generated ultrasound source with a hard reflective backing will generate higher acoustic pressures than a comparable source with an acoustically matched backing when the stress confinement condition is not met. Furthermore, while the source with an acoustically matched backing will have a broader bandwidth when the laser pulse is short enough to ensure stress confinement, the bandwidths of both source types will converge as the laser pulse duration increases beyond stress confinement. The explanation of the results is supported by numerical simulations.
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We have developed a multi-spectral SWIR lidar system capable of measuring simultaneous spatial-spectral information for imaging and spectral discrimination through partial obscurations. We employ objects in the presence and absence of a series of obscurants to evaluate the capability of the system in classifying the objects of interest based on spectral and range information. We employ a principal component analysis-based algorithm in classifying the objects and quantifying the accuracy of detection under various obscured scenarios. The merits of multi-spectral lidar over hyperspectral imaging are highlighted for target identification in the presence of obscurants.
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In this study, simple-structured wavelength sensors were developed by depositing two back-to-back Au/MAPbI3/Au photodetectors on an MAPbI3 single crystal. This sensor could quantitatively distinguish wavelengths. Further device analysis showed that both photodetectors possess entirely disparate optoelectronic properties. Consequently, the as-developed wavelength sensor could accurately distinguish incident-light wavelengths ranging from 265 to 860 nm with a resolution of less than 1.5 nm based on the relation between the photocurrent ratios of both photodetectors and the incident light wavelengths. Notably, a high resolution and wide detection range are among the optimum reported values for such sensors and enable full-color imaging. Furthermore, technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations showed that a mechanism involved in distinguishing wavelengths is attributed to the wavelength-dependent photon generation rate in MAPbI3 single crystals. The high-performance MAPbI3 wavelength sensor can potentially drive the research progress of perovskites in wavelength recognition and full-color imaging.
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The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for people's health. Studies have demonstrated the positive impact of urban green spaces, particularly urban parks, on physical and mental health. However, few studies have evaluated social health, which is a component of human health, and more understanding of the relationship between urban parks and human health during the COVID-19 pandemic is required. This study examined the effects of urban parks on people's health using a canonical correlation model. Physical, mental, and social health were the dependent health variables, and five factors related to urban parks were the independent variables. This study investigated 22 urban parks inside the Forth Ring Road in Beijing, China using a questionnaire survey. The results demonstrated a positive association between urban parks and human health during the pandemic. Distance to the parks, park area, and park size were positively correlated with physical, mental, and social health. Furthermore, frequency and duration of visits to urban parks were positively associated with mental health and contact with neighbors. The health effects of urban park use varied with park types and locations' urbanization background. These findings can provide insights for health-oriented urban park planning and construction.
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State-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods capture the relationship between pixels to facilitate contextual information exchange. Advanced methods utilize fixed pathways for context exchange, lacking the flexibility to harness the most relevant context for each pixel. In this paper, we present Configurable Context Pathways (CCPs), a novel model for establishing pathways for augmenting contextual information. In contrast to previous pathway models, CCPs are learned, leveraging configurable regions to form information flows between pairs of pixels. We propose TAGNet to adaptively configure the regions, which span over the entire image space, driven by the relationships between the remote pixels. Subsequently, the information flows along the pathways are updated gradually by the information provided by sequences of configurable regions, forming more powerful contextual information. We extensively evaluate the traveling, adaption, and gathering (TAG) stages of our network on the public benchmarks, demonstrating that all of the stages successfully improve the segmentation accuracy and help to surpass the state-of-the-art results. The code package is available at: https://github.com/dilincv/TAGNet.