Superhydrophilic Dendritic FeP/Cu3P Electrocatalyst for Urea Splitting via the Intramolecular Mechanism.

The electrocatalytic overall urea splitting can achieve the dual goals of urea treatment and hydrogen energy acquisition. Herein, we exploited the principle of precipitation dissolution equilibrium to obtain bimetallic phosphide FeP/Cu3P/CF for the simultaneous oxidation of urea and reduction of water and comprehensively reveal the inherent molecular thermodynamic mechanisms on the surface of catalysts. The excellent electrochemical performance can be derived from the super water affinity and synergistic effect. Especially, the theoretical calculation unveils that the synergistic effect between FeP and Cu3P can lower the activation energy required for urea electrooxidation, thereby promoting urea splitting. In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (in situ DEMS) measurements further demonstrated that urea oxidation on FeP/Cu3P/CF proceeded according to the intramolecular mechanism. This work has laid the foundation for constructing highly efficient superhydrophilic bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Oxygen vacancies synergistic cobalt phosphide electron bridge modulated bismuth oxychloride/carbon nitride Z-scheme junction for efficient carbon dioxide reduction coupled with tetracycline oxidation.

Although great progress has been made with respect to electron bridges, the electron mobility of the state-of-the-art electron bridges is far from satisfactory because of weak electrical conductivity. To overcome the above issue, cobalt phosphide (CoP), as a model electron bridge, was modified by superficial oxygen vacancies (OVs) and embedded into a defective bismuth oxychloride/carbon nitride (BiO1-xCl/g-C3N4) Z-scheme heterojunction to obtain atomic-level insights into the effect of surface OVs on CoP electron bridges. Compared to BiO1-xCl/g-C3N4 and bismuth oxychloride/cobalt phosphide/carbon nitride (BiOCl/CoP/g-C3N4) composites, the defective bismuth oxychloride/cobalt phosphide/carbon nitride (BiO1-xCl/CoP/g-C3N4) heterojunction exhibited remarkable photocatalytic redox performance, indicating that the surface OVs-assisted CoP electron bridge effectively boosted electrical conductivity and yielded ultrafast electron transfer rates. The theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the surface OVs play a critical role in improving the electrical conductivity of the CoP electron bridge, thereby accelerating electron mobility. This research provides insights into interfacial OVs-modified transition metal phosphide (TMP) electron bridges and their potential application in heterojunctions for energy crisis mitigation and environmental remediation.

From disinfectants to antibiotics: Enhanced biosafety of quaternary ammonium compounds by chemical modification.

The excessive use of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) following the COVID-19 pandemic has raised substantial concerns regarding their biosafety. Overuse of QACs has been associated with chronic biological adverse effects, including genotoxicity or carcinogenicity. In particular, inadvertent intravascular administration or oral ingestion of QACs can lead to fatal acute toxicity. To enhance the biosafety and antimicrobial efficacy of QACs, this study reports a new series of QACs, termed as PACs, with the alkyl chain of benzalkonium substituted by a phthalocyanine moiety. Firstly, the rigid phthalocyanine moiety enhances the selectivity of QACs to bacteria over human cells and reduces alkyl chain's entropic penalty of binding to bacterial membranes. Furthermore, phthalocyanine neutralizes hemolysis and cytotoxicity of QACs by binding with albumin in plasma. Our experimental results demonstrate that PACs inherit the optical properties of phthalocyanine and validate the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of PACs in vitro. Moreover, the intravascular administration of the most potent PAC, PAC1a, significantly reduced bacterial burden and ameliorated inflammation level in a bacteria-induced septic mouse model. This study presents a new strategy to improve the antimicrobial efficacy and biosafety of QACs, thus expanding their range of applications to the treatment of systemic infections.

High activity of bifunctional Ni2P electrocatalyst for benzyl alcohol oxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution.

Considering the high costs of producing catalysts, designing a bifunctional catalyst is one of the favorable ways through which the best result can be achieved with less effort. Herein, we use a one-step calcination method to obtain a bifunctional catalyst Ni2P/NF for the simultaneous oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BA) and reduction of water. A series of electrochemical tests have shown that this catalyst has a low catalytic voltage, long-term stability and high conversion rates. The theoretical calculation unveils the essential reason for its excellent activity. The synergistic effect of Ni and P optimizes the adsorption and desorption energy of the intermediate species, thus reducing the energy barrier of the rate-determining step during BA electrooxidation. Thus, this work has laid the foundation for designing a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for BA oxidation and the hydrogen revolution.

Regulating the Active Sites of Metal-Phthalocyanine at the Molecular Level for Efficient Water Electrolysis: Double Deciphering of Electron-Withdrawing Groups and Bimetallic.

Implementing a molecular modulation strategy for metallic phthalocyanines (MPc) without losing the activity of the metal center and inducing a multifunction characteristic in electrocatalytic remains a challenge. Herein, a series of 2D CuCo bimetallic polymerized phthalocyanine modified with strong electron-withdrawing groups (CuCoPc-g, g = F, Cl, Br, NO2 ) for water oxidation in the alkaline electrolyte is designed and simply synthesized. The experimental results testify that the bimetallic design can perform electronic adjustment once and introduce the second active sites to get bifunctional characteristics, and then the electronic structure of the active center can be regulated by electron-withdrawing groups for a second time to achieve the optimal state. These electrons that transfer in the active center of inner metal can generate space-charged regions and the design of the polymer can stabilize active site region to maintain long-term electrolytic stability and high activity. This study precisely regulates the electronic structure of MPc at the molecular level and provides insight into the multifunctional design of polymeric macrocyclic electrocatalysts.

Efficient Charge Carrier Transfer Route Induced by an S-Scheme α-Fe2O3/RP Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Overall Water Splitting.

Photocatalytic overall water splitting simultaneously generates O2 and H2; this is a potential strategy to solve the energy shortage problem. Elemental phosphorus (RP) displays ultralow visible light performance for O2 and H2 generation; thus, a novel α-Fe2O3/RP composite is designed and prepared by a low-temperature hydrothermal method via loading a trace amount of α-Fe2O3. In the experiment, the 1.5% α-Fe2O3/RP composite showed the best overall water splitting performance, which is 6.9 times that of bare RP. Through various characterization studies, the recombination rate of charges is significantly reduced. It is largely ascribed to the matched energy band structure of the two photocatalysts and the interface contact between α-Fe2O3 and RP, which efficiently separates the photocarriers through an S-scheme mode and realizes the obvious enhancement of overall water splitting performance. Moreover, α-Fe2O3/RP maintains high activity when it is persistently irradiated for 15 cycles. The research provides insight into the exploitation of low-cost, high-activity, and stable RP-based photocatalysts to achieve visible light induced overall water splitting activity to generate O2 and H2.

Synergistic introduction of oxygen vacancy and silver/silver iodide: Realizing deep structure regulation on bismuth oxybromide for robust carbon dioxide reduction and pollutant oxidation.

To efficiently solve severe energy shortage and environmental pollution issues, step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalytic system, as perfect photocatalyst with strong redox ability and swift separation efficiency of carriers, has been considered a feasible tactic. Herein, a novel S-scheme silver/silver iodide/bismuth oxybromide heterojunction with rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) (labeled as Ag/AgI/BiO1-xBr) was in situ fabricated via a simple photodeposition-precipitation method. It was discovered that the obtained Ag/AgI/BiO1-xBr heterojunction with the optimized molar ratio of silver/bismuth (Ag/Bi) at 0.4 presented excellent photocatalytic properties for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction (2.46 µmol g-1h-1 carbon monoxide (CO) and 1.25 µmol g-1h-1 methane (CH4) generation) and antibiotic tetracycline (TC) removal (96.7%) even in actual waste water or in the presence of electrolytes. The enhanced performance of S-scheme Ag/AgI/BiO1-xBr composite may be ascribed to the collaborative effect of OVs and silver/silver iodide (Ag/AgI), in which OVs acted as the charge transmission bridge for reducing the interface migration resistance of the charge and Ag/AgI served as a cocatalyst for enhancing the separation efficiency of carriers. Furthermore, a feasible photocatalytic mechanism was discussed via density functional theory calculation and in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This work not only demonstrated the synergistic application of OVs transmission bridge and Ag/AgI cocatalyst, but also provided a facile way to design high-efficiency and stable photocatalysts for energy production and environmental remediation.

MicroRNA-4735-3p Facilitates Ferroptosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Targeting SLC40A1.

Objective: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major histopathological subtype of renal cancer, and ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. The present study was aimed at investigating the role and underlying mechanisms of microRNA-4735-3p (miR-4735-3p) in ccRCC. Methods: Human ccRCC cell lines were transfected with the miR-4735-3p mimic or inhibitor to manipulate the expression of miR-4735-3p. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell invasion, cell death, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism were determined. To validate the necessity of solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1), human ccRCC cell lines were overexpressed with SLC40A1 using adenoviral vectors. Results: miR-4735-3p expression was reduced in human ccRCC tissues and cell lines but elevated upon ferroptotic stimulation. The miR-4735-3p mimic increased, while the miR-4735-3p inhibitor decreased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, iron overload, and ferroptosis of human ccRCC cell lines. Mechanistic studies identified SLC40A1 as a direct target of miR-4735-3p, and SLC40A1 overexpression significantly attenuated iron overload and ferroptosis in the miR-4735-3p mimic-treated human ccRCC cell lines. Conclusion: miR-4735-3p facilitates ferroptosis and tumor suppression in ccRCC by targeting SLC40A1.

Structure-based molecular insights into matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer treatments.

Protease inhibitors are of considerable interest as anticancer agents. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were the earliest type of proteases considered as anticancer targets. The developments of MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) by pharmaceutical companies can be dated from the early 1980s. Thus far, none of the over 50 MMPIs entering clinical trials have been approved. This work summarizes the reported studies on the structure of MMPs and complexes with ligands and inhibitors, based on which, the authors analyzed the clinical failures of MMPIs in a structural biological manner. Furthermore, MMPs were systematically compared with urokinase, a protease-generating plasmin, which plays similar pathological roles in cancer development; the reasons for the clinical successes of urokinase inhibitors and the clinical failures of MMPIs are discussed.

Slope position- mediated soil environmental filtering drives plant community assembly processes in hilly shrublands of Guilin, China.

Background and aims: A major goal of community ecology focuses on trying to understand how environmental filter on plant functional traits drive plant community assembly. However, slopes positions- mediated soil environmental factors on community-weighted mean (CWM) plant traits in shrub community has not been extensively explored to analyze and distinguish assembly processes. Methods: Here, we surveyed woody shrub plant communities from three slope positions (foot, middle, and upper) in a low hilly area of Guilin, China to assess differences in functional trait CWMs and environmental factors across these positions. We also measured the CWMs of four plant functional traits including specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf thickness and nine abiotic environmental factors, including soil water content, soil organic content, soil pH, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil total potassium, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, and soil available potassium. We used ANOVA and Tukey HSD multiple comparisons to assess differences in functional trait CWMs and environmental factors across the three slope positions. We used redundancy analysis (RDA) to compare the relationships between CWMs trait and environmental factors along three slope positions, and also quantified slope position-mediated soil environmental filtering on these traits with a three-step trait-based null model approach. Results: The CWMs of three leaf functional traits and all soil environmental factors except soil pH showed significant differences across the three slope positions. Soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium, and soil organic matter were positively correlated with the CWM specific leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content along the first RDA axis and soil total potassium, total phosphorous, and soil water content were positively correlated with the CWM leaf dry matter content along the second RDA axis. Environmental filtering was detected for the CWM specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, and leaf chlorophyll content but not leaf thickness at all three slope positions. Conclusions: Ultimately, we found that soil environmental factors vary along slope positions and can cause variability in plant functional traits in shrub communities. Deciduous shrub species with high specific leaf area, low leaf dry matter content, and moderate leaf chlorophyll content dominated at the middle slope position, whereas evergreen species with low specific leaf area and high leaf dry matter content dominated in slope positions with infertile soils, steeper slopes, and more extreme soil water contents. Altogether, our null model approach allowed us to detect patterns of environmental filtering, which differed between traits and can be applied in the future to understand community assembly changes in Chinese hilly forest ecosystems.

Dual effects of quercetin on protein digestion and absorption in the digestive tract.

Quercetin is a well-studied natural product with multiple pharmacological properties. In this study, we demonstrated that quercetin suppressed protein digestion in the intestinal fluid by inhibiting trypsin, a key digestive enzyme. However, we also observed a previously unknown property of quercetin: promoting the intestinal absorption of proteins. In addition, the promoted protein absorption was mediated by internalization of digested oligopeptides in the intestinal epithelia rather than increasing the intestinal paracellular permeability. Notably, four other flavonoids also achieved such enhanced intestinal absorption, suggesting that this effect was associated with the aglycone flavonol backbone, but not related to their inhibitory potencies against trypsin. This study demonstrates that quercetin exhibits dual effects on protein digestion and absorption: 1) suppressing protein digestion by inhibiting trypsin in the intestinal fluid; 2) promoting the intestinal absorption of oligopeptides in the intestinal villi cells.

Significance of expression of AIM2, IL-1ß, and IL-18 in plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction. / æ€¥æ€§è„‘æ¢—æ­»æ‚£è€ è¡€æµ†ä¸­AIM2、IL-1ß和IL-18的表达及意义.

OBJECTIVES: Inflammation especially the overexpression of inflammasome and inflammatory cytokines, is one of the important reasons that affect the occurrence and development of acute cerebral infarction, including the initiation of cerebral infarction, the progress and recovery of post-infarction injury. This study aims to explore expressions of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction and its significance. METHODS: A total of 85 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in the cerebral infarction group. They were assigned into mild, moderate, and severe groups according to the severity of neurological deficits. They were assigned into small, middle, and large cerebral infarction groups according to the area of cerebral infarction. They were assigned into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group according to the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score on the 90th day after the onset. A total of 85 healthy controls were selected as a control group. The levels of AIM2, IL-1ß, and IL-18 in plasma of the cerebral group and the control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The levels of plasma AIM2, IL-1ß, and IL-18 in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.001). In the cerebral infarction group, the expression levels of plasma AIM2, IL-1ß, and IL-18 were as follows: The severe neurological deficitc group>the moderate group>the mild group, the large area of cerebral infarction group>the middle area group>the small area group, and the poor prognosis group> the good prognosis group (all P<0.05). The levels of plasma AIM2 were positively correlated with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, the cerebral infarction area, and the mRS score (r=0.791, r=0.710, r=0.763, respectively, all P<0.001). The levels of plasma IL-1ß were positively correlated with the NIHSS score, the cerebral infarction area, and the mRS score (r=0.716, r=0.690, r=0.688, respectively, all P<0.001). The levels of plasma IL-18 were positively correlated with the NIHSS score, the cerebral infarction area, and the mRS score (r=0.714, r=0.638, r=0.653, respectively, all P<0.001). The level of plasma AIM2 was positively correlated with that of IL-1ß and IL-18 (r=0.828, r=0.751, both P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Expressions of AIM2, IL-1ß, and IL-18 are up-regulated in the plasma of patients with acute cerebral infarction, and they are closely related to the severity of neurological deficit, cerebral infarction area, and prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction, suggesting that AIM2, IL-1ß, and IL-18 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of acute cerebral infarction.

Using porphyrins as albumin-binding molecules to enhance antitumor efficacies and reduce systemic toxicities of antimicrobial peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are originally developed for anti-infective treatments. Because of their membrane-lytic property, AMPs have been considered as candidates of antitumor agents for a long time. However, their antitumor applications are mainly hampered by fast renal clearance and high systemic toxicities. This study proposes a strategy aiming at addressing these two issues by conjugating AMPs with porphyrins, which bind to albumin increasing AMPs' resistance against renal clearance and thus enhancing their antitumor efficacies. Porphyrins' photodynamic properties can further augment AMPs' antitumor effects. In addition, circulating with albumin ameliorates AMPs' systemic toxicities, i.e. hemolysis and organ dysfunctions. As an example, we conjugated an AMP, K6L9, with pyropheophorbide-a (PPA) leading to a conjugate of PPA-K6L9. PPA-K6L9 bound to albumin with a KD value at the sub-micromolar range. Combining computational and experimental approaches, we characterized the molecular interaction of PPA-K6L9 with albumin. Furthermore, PPA-conjugation promoted K6L9' antitumor effects by prolonging its in vivo retention time, and reduced the hemolysis and hepatic injuries, which confirmed our design strategy.

[Effect of jiaotong qiaomai needling technique of acupuncture on the morphology of lower limb muscle based on muscle-skeleton ultrasound measurement in patients with post-stroke strephenopodia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect on post-stroke strephenopodia treated with jiaotong qiaomai (harmonizing the heel vessel) needling technique of acupuncture. METHODS: A total of 64 patients were randomized into an observation group (30 cases included, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (30 cases included, 2 cases dropped off). In the control group, the routine needling technique of acupuncture and rehabilitation exercise were provided. In the observation group, on the base of the therapeutic regimen as the control group, the jiaotong qiaomai needling technique of acupuncture was added. Fengchi (GB 20), Rangu (KI 2), Zhaohai (KI 6) on the affected side and Fengfu (GV 16) were selected. The treatment was given once daily, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks totally in either group. Separately, before treatment, in 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment, the strephenopodia angle was measured and Holden functional ambulation classification (FAC) was evaluated in the patients. Additionally, before treatment and in 4 weeks of treatment, the muscle-skeleton ultrasound was adopted to measure the thickness of anterior tibia muscle and posterior tibia muscle in the resting state of the patients. RESULTS: The strephenopodia angle and Holden FAC were all improved after 4-week treatment in the two groups as compared with those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the results in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Before treatment, the thickness of anterior tibia muscle and posterior tibia muscle on the healthy side was higher than that on the affected side in the patients of the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the thickness of anterior tibia muscle and posterior tibia muscle on the affected side was increased as compared with that before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). The thickness on the healthy side was similar before and after treatment in the observation group (P>0.05), and it was increased on the healthy side after treatment as compared with that before treatment in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the thickness of anterior tibia muscle and posterior tibia muscle on the affected side was similar to that on the healthy side in the two groups (P>0.05), and the thickness on the affected side in the observation group was higher than that in the control group after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The jiaotong qiaomai needling technique of acupuncture effectively improves the strephenopodia angle and ambulation function, as well as the morphology of anterior tibia muscle and posterior tibia muscle in the patients with post-stroke strephenopodia.

Therapeutics targeting the fibrinolytic system.

The function of the fibrinolytic system was first identified to dissolve fibrin to maintain vascular patency. Connections between the fibrinolytic system and many other physiological and pathological processes have been well established. Dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system is closely associated with multiple pathological conditions, including thrombosis, inflammation, cancer progression, and neuropathies. Thus, molecules in the fibrinolytic system are potent therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review summarizes the currently used agents targeting this system and the development of novel therapeutic strategies in experimental studies. Future directions for the development of modulators of the fibrinolytic system are also discussed.

Upregulation of GRIM-19 augments the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel by targeting Rad23b.

The gene associated with retinoid-interferon mortality (GRIM-19) has been reported to be correlated with drug resistance, whereas its functional role in prostate cancer (PC) is not fully understood. This study aims to clarify the potential role and molecular mechanisms of GRIM-19 on the response of PC cells to chemical drug docetaxel. mRNA and protein level of GRIM-19 expression in cells and tissues of PC were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Knock-down of GRIM-19 in PC cells was performed using siRNA. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis. DNA damage in PC cells was detected by γ-H2AX staining. GRIM-19 was downregulated in PC tissues and cell lines. Knock-down of GRIM-19 increased the resistance of PC cells to docetaxel, and overexpression of GRIM-19 promoted docetaxel-induced apoptotic death in PC cells. Mechanistically, GRIM-19 downregulated the expression of the survival gene Rad23b, which promoted DNA damage repair. Overexpression of Rad23b reversed GRIM-19-mediated response to docetaxel in PC cells. GRIM-19 promoted the sensitivity of PC cells to docetaxel by downregulating Rad23b, which may serve as a promising target to develop a better strategy of chemotherapy for PC.

An elemental S/P photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water under visible to near-infrared light irradiation.

A novel elemental S/P photocatalyst exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water due to the co-catalyst effect of S, when irradiated with visible to near-infrared light.

Inhibition of miR-423-5p suppressed prostate cancer through targeting GRIM-19.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of miR-423-5p on the progression of prostate cancer (PC). METHODS: miR-423-5p and GRIM-19 expressions were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. PC cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. PC cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-423-5p and GRIM-19. RESULTS: Compared with normal prostate tissues and prostate epithelial cell HPrEC, miR-423-5p was up-regulated in human PC tissues and PC3 cells, whereas GRIM-19 expression was decreased. Inhibition of miR-423-5p suppressed PC3 cell proliferation, promoted PC3 cell apoptosis, and decreased anti-apoptosis protein BCL-2 expression. GRIM-19 was a target of miR-423-5p, and GRIM-19 was negatively regulated by miR-423-5p in PC3 cells. In addition, miR-423-5p knockdown inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PC3 cells through GRIM-19. In vivo experiments showed that miR-423-5p inhibitor administration reduced tumor volume, down-regulated miR-423-5p and GRIM-19 expressions in PC tissues of nude mice. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of miR-423-5p suppressed PC through targeting GRIM-19.

Intensive photocatalytic activity enhancement of Bi5O7I via coupling with band structure and content adjustable BiOBrxI1-x.

Band structure and component content are the key factors for determining the activity of semiconductor heterojunction. In this study, a novel Bi5O7I/BiOBrxI1-x heterostructure was synthesized by a simple hydrobromic (HBr) acid etching method through transforming partial of Bi5O7I to I- ion doped BiOBr (BiOBrxI1-x) at room temperature without adding extra dopant. Both the band structure and component content of Bi5O7I/BiOBrxI1-x alter with the additive HBr acid. The Bi5O7I/BiOBrxI1-x (S3.0) sample exhibits the best photocatalytic activity, 6 times higher than that of pure Bi5O7I, for the degradation of methyl orange under visible-light (λ > 420 nm). The activity enhancement of Bi5O7I/BiOBrxI1-x is primarily ascribed to the improved separation efficiency of photocharges, originated from the adjustable band structure and component content. The significant findings of this paper provide a facile way to construct highly efficient semiconductor heterojunction via playing the synergetic effect of adjustable band structure and component content for purifying organic pollutants in wastewater.