RESUMO
During the spermatogenesis of fertile men, an incidental meiosis mistake could induce the generation of aneuploid sperm, which may further cause the aneuploidy of embryos, miscarriage and chromosome abnormality of the offspring. Sex chromosomes of sperm have a higher tendency to be aneuploid than autosomes, though the mechanisms of sperm sex chromosome aneuploidy are not yet thoroughly understood. It may be attributed to the fact that the synapsis of sex chromosomes is confined to the pseudoautosomal region and that only one subsequent crossover is formed there. In addition, gene mutation, advanced age, lifestyle and environmental pollution may induce the segregation errors of sex chromosomes or failure of the meiosis checkpoint, and thus increase the incidence of sperm sex chromosome aneuploidy. With a systematic review of the relevant literature, this paper illustrated the generation mechanisms of sperm sex chromosome aneuploidy in men with normal and abnormal karyotypes, aiming to shed some new light on the studies of sperm sex chromosome aneuploidy.
