Investigations on corrosion resistance of steel coated with chromium-free ZTM conversion coating.

Chromium-free conversion coatings based on Zr/Ti/Mo (ZTM) compounds via chemical conversion technology were investigated to improve the corrosion performance of SPCC-JISG 31 steels. A preliminary study was carried out to evaluate the influences of critical parameters, including the concentrations of active species Zr, Ti and Mo, and the conversion bath's pH, on the protective efficiency using a Statistical design of experiments (DoE) methodology. Passivation layer with compositional Mo, Ti and Zr elements has been employed on the steels by dipping in mixed solutions containing 17 g/l Na2MoO4, 1 g/l K2TiF6 and 7 g/l K2ZrF6 under pH = 5. The morphology and elemental analysis of Zr/Ti/Mo on surface of the steels was studied by the employment of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Pull-off adhesion test was performed, indicating that the ZTM coatings enabled to increase the adhesion strength (6.0 MPa) of mild steel to the organic coating than that of traditional phosphate (ZrP) coating. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the salt spray test (529 h) evidenced the higher corrosion resistance of the Zr/Ti/Mo coating compared with theconventional phosphate coating.

The relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review of observational studies.

OBJECTIVE: Both schizophrenia and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are known as immune-related disorders. We systematically reviewed observational studies to explore the relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and T1D. METHODS: A preliminary search of articles was completed using the following databases: Airiti Library, CINAHL Complete (via EBSCOhost), OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed. Two researchers independently assessed each study's quality based on Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A narrative review summarized the potential relationship between the two diseases. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the final analysis. Six observational studies investigated the risk of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in patients with T1D. Two studies showed negative correlations, one showed no correlation, and three showed positive correlations. On the other hand, five studies reported the prevalence of T1D in patients with schizophrenia. Two of them showed positive associations, and three others showed no association. Although the majority of the included studies suggested a positive association between the two medical conditions, these studies were still too heterogeneous to draw consistent results. CONCLUSION: We found conflicting results regarding the bidirectional relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and T1D. These may stem from differences in study design, sampling methods, or definition of diagnoses, which are essential aspects to consider in future research.

Factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders in commercial motorcyclists.

This study aimed to explore the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and to investigate factors associated with WMSDs in commercial motorcyclists in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study involved commercial motorcyclists operating in Indonesia. Data were collected using an anonymous questionnaire, including the Indonesian Version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, occupational driving posture questionnaire, and occupational factor-related questions. The questionnaire was distributed at four rest stops located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The result showed that 40% of participants (129/322) were having WMSDs. Older age, overweight body mass index (BMI), obese body mass index, nonregular physical activity, driving duration (> 8 h/day), seniority (≥5 years), and poor driving posture were significant risk factors for WMSDs in commercial motorcyclists. Based on the risk factors identified in this study, the development of preventive strategies among commercial motorcyclists is warranted.

Effectiveness of diabetes shared care program on metabolic indicators of people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: To explore the effectiveness of the Taiwanese Diabetes Shared Care Program (DSCP) on improving the metabolic indicators of people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Relevant studies published between January 2002 and August 2021 were retrieved from Chinese- and English-language electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Airiti Library, and Taiwan Periodical Literature System. After screening, studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the literature review. RevMan 5.4 was employed for a meta-analysis. RESULTS: Ten studies published between 2007 and 2021 were included in the systematic review, with nine of them contributing to the meta-analysis. In total, 1506 and 1388 participants were classified into DSCP and non-DSCP groups, respectively, for the meta-analysis. The results revealed that the DSCP significantly improved glycated hemoglobin levels (mean difference [MD]: -0.50, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -0.83 to -0.17) and body weights (MD: -0.83, 95% CI: -1.29 to -0.38) within 1-year follow-up. However, it did not show significant improvement in other metabolic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Taiwanese DSCP led to improvements in glycated hemoglobin levels and body weights among people with type 2 diabetes. This study suggests that people with diabetes and health-care institutions should consider participating in the DSCP.