RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Resource and economic constraints limit access to health care in rural populations, and consequently, rates of chronic illnesses are higher in this population. Further, little is known about how rural populations adopt active and healthy lifestyle behavior for dementia prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the impact of modification in lifestyle behaviors on changes in cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults living in a rural area of Taiwan. DESIGN: In this prospective longitudinal study, changes in lifestyle and cognitive function were compared between the experimental and control groups. SETTING: Six rural community care stations were randomly cluster sampled in southern Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 155 participants were enrolled and classified into two groups according to their community activity participation rate (CAPR). The control group (n=68) had a CAPR < 1x/month, and the experimental group (n=87) had a CAPR ≥ 1x/month. MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive function of the participants was measured using the MMSE scale. Lifestyle behaviors were measured using a self-designed questionnaire based on the Transtheoretical Model. RESULTS: From 2018-2020, the experimental group successfully maintained a healthy lifestyle. The MMSE score in the experimental group was significantly higher in the 3rd year than that in the control group (25.37 vs 22.56, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sustainable community participation and adopting a healthy lifestyle could effectively maintain the cognitive function of the study participants. However, more needs to be done to support rural older adults to maintain a healthy diet and control their weight.
Assuntos
Demência , Estilo de Vida Saudável , População Rural , Humanos , Taiwan , Demência/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Prospectivos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Cognição , Serviços de Saúde ComunitáriaRESUMO
A few patients who have recovered from COVID-19 develop persistent or new symptoms that last for weeks or months; this is called "long COVID" or "post-COVID-19 syndrome." Over time, awareness of the short- and long-term consequences of COVID-19 has increased. The pulmonary consequences are now fairly well established, but little is known about the extrapulmonary system of COVID-19, particularly its effects on bones. Current evidence and reports indicate a direct relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and bone health, with SARS-CoV-2 having a significant negative effect on bone health. In this review, we analyzed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on bone health and assessed the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Osteoporose , Humanos , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , SARS-CoV-2 , Densidade ÓsseaRESUMO
AIM: To investigate whether the timing of root canal treatment (primary aim) or other endodontic parameters (secondary aim) is associated with the survival probability of autotransplanted third molars, using a nationwide population-based database. METHODOLOGY: A total of 1811 third molars autotransplanted between 2000 and 2013 met the inclusion criteria and were followed until the end of 2016. The teeth were classified into three groups on the basis of timing between root canal treatment and the autotransplantation: preoperative, extraoral and postoperative treatment groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the timing of root canal treatment and the risk of tooth extraction after autotransplantation. RESULTS: Of the 1811 autotransplanted third molars, 462 were extracted, yielding a 17-year survival probability of 0.578. The survival probability of autotransplanted teeth that received postoperative root fillings after 17 years was 0.583, which was significantly higher than the 0.434 and 0.566 for teeth that received preoperative and extraoral root fillings, respectively (P = 0.0013). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, teeth that received postoperative root fillings were associated with a significantly lower tooth extraction hazard ratio (HR) compared with those that received extraoral root fillings (adjusted HR, 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.78) and those that received preoperative root fillings (adjusted HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.19-3.82). Furthermore, the use of a rubber dam during postoperative root filling was associated with a significantly lower extraction rate after autotransplantation (adjusted HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.43-0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative root canal treatment resulted in a significantly lower extraction rate than did preoperative or extraoral root canal treatment amongst autotransplanted third molars during a mean follow-up period of 8.33 years. Rubber dam use is recommended during postoperative root canal treatment to improve the outcomes of autotransplantation.
Assuntos
Dente Serotino , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Seguimentos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transplante Autólogo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution in codon 219 of HLA-A*30:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-A*30:114.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-A , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Humanos , Análise de Sequência de DNA , TaiwanRESUMO
Postdental procedure bacteremia is common and troublesome. The comparative efficacy of multiple prophylactic interventions is unclear. We compared the efficacy of interventions for the prevention of postdental procedure bacteremia. We conducted a review of ClinicalKey, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 4, 2018. Randomized controlled trials that evaluated prophylactic interventions for the prevention of postdental procedure bacteremia were eligible. The primary outcome was the incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia. A total of 24 trials were included with 2,147 participants. Our network meta-analysis demonstrated that intravenous administration of 1,000/200 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate provided the least incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia among all the prophylactic interventions (odds ratio = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.63) as compared with the placebo/controls. Oral 3 g of amoxicillin had the least incidence of postdental procedure bacteremia among all oral or topical forms of prophylactic interventions (odds ratio = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.44) as compared with the placebo/controls. No serious adverse events, such as anaphylactic shock, mortality, and the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, were reported. None of the included subjects were of high risk of infectious endocarditis. Our network meta-analysis demonstrates that intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanate and oral amoxicillin might be the best prophylactic interventions in preventing postdental procedure bacteremia among all the oral/topical forms of interventions for the overall populations.
Assuntos
Antibioticoprofilaxia , Bacteriemia/prevenção & controle , Odontologia , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Metanálise em Rede , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
One nucleotide replacement at residue 755 of HLA-A*26:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-A*26:160.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Éxons/genética , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Alelos , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Taiwan , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
Nucleotide substitutions at residues 409 and 412 of HLA-B*27:06 result in a novel allele, HLA-B*27:168.
Assuntos
Éxons/genética , Antígeno HLA-B27/genética , Alelos , Doadores de Sangue , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Taiwan , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at residue 314 of HLA-B*40:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-B*40:400.
Assuntos
Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Variação Genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , HumanosRESUMO
HLA-C*07:18:01:01 is possibly in association on the same haplotype as HLA-B*58:01.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Alelos , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Polimorfismo Genético , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Taiwan , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at residue 477 of HLA-DRB1*15:01:01:01 results in a new allele, HLA-DRB1*15:01:37.
Assuntos
Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Sequência de Bases , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , TaiwanRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at residue 860 of HLA-A*11:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-A*11:292.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Éxons/genética , Antígeno HLA-A11/genética , Alelos , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Polimorfismo Genético , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Taiwan , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at residue 506 of HLA-C*03:02:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-C*03:258.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Variação Genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , TaiwanRESUMO
We present a patient with positive donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and crossmatch of ABO-incompatible (ABOi) combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKT). Antibody-mediated rejection did not occur and the graft had survived for over one year at the time of writing without infectious complications. A 56-year-old man with positive DSA and positive crossmatch underwent living donor CLKT. The preoperative protocol for ABOi consisted of a single dose of rituximab and total plasma exchange (TPE). The result of anti-B antibody titer for IgG was 1:32. The evaluations of complement-dependent cytotoxicity and flow cytometry cross-match revealed a change from T+/B+ to T-/B+. The patient required adult living donor CLKT. Acute rejection episodes were treated using antithymocyte globulin, and the kidney required 7 days' treatment to recover. No further rejection and infectious episodes have been observed in past 13 months since the transplant. DSA and crossmatches are important for antibody detection and analysis. In the rituximab era, TPE can be used to achieve a successful decrease in antibody titer. In countries with a severe shortage of cadaveric organ donors, it may be possible to select ABOi candidate donors with positive DSA and crossmatch.
Assuntos
Incompatibilidade de Grupos Sanguíneos/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Anticorpos/sangue , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade/métodos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Doadores Vivos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Plasmaferese/métodos , Rituximab/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at codon 152 of HLA-B*58:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-B*58:19.
Assuntos
Alelos , Éxons , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Códon/química , Expressão Gênica , Genótipo , Antígenos HLA-B/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , TaiwanRESUMO
Three nucleotide substitutions in HLA-DRB1*15:01:01:01 result in a new allele, HLA-DRB1*15:158.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade/métodos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Sequência de Bases , Humanos , Homologia de Sequência , TaiwanRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at residue 86 of HLA-B*58:01:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-B*58:92.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , TaiwanRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at residue 527 of HLA-C*03:03:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-C*03:187.
Assuntos
Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Doadores de Tecidos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Homologia de Sequência , TaiwanRESUMO
One nucleotide replacement at residue 181 of HLA-A*24:02:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-A*24:386.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Variação Genética , Antígeno HLA-A24/genética , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Éxons/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , TaiwanRESUMO
One nucleotide substitution at residue 85 of HLA-DRB1*15:02:01:01 results in a new allele, HLA-DRB1*15:149.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Teste de Histocompatibilidade/métodos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Humanos , Homologia de Sequência , TaiwanRESUMO
Nucleotide substitutions in codons 43 and 45 of HLA-B*15:18:01:01 result in a new allele, HLA-B*15:436.
