Genomic analyses reveal the stepwise domestication and genetic mechanism of curd biogenesis in cauliflower.

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) is a distinctive vegetable that supplies a nutrient-rich edible inflorescence meristem for the human diet. However, the genomic bases of its selective breeding have not been studied extensively. Herein, we present a high-quality reference genome assembly C-8 (V2) and a comprehensive genomic variation map consisting of 971 diverse accessions of cauliflower and its relatives. Genomic selection analysis and deep-mined divergences were used to explore a stepwise domestication process for cauliflower that initially evolved from broccoli (Curd-emergence and Curd-improvement), revealing that three MADS-box genes, CAULIFLOWER1 (CAL1), CAL2 and FRUITFULL (FUL2), could have essential roles during curd formation. Genome-wide association studies identified nine loci significantly associated with morphological and biological characters and demonstrated that a zinc-finger protein (BOB06G135460) positively regulates stem height in cauliflower. This study offers valuable genomic resources for better understanding the genetic bases of curd biogenesis and florescent development in crops.

Continuous renal Surface Cooling Technique (CSCT) in robotic assisted kidney transplantation: technique and outcomes from a high-volume center, a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) surgery is an advanced minimally invasive technique, albeit with extended surgical and kidney ischemia time. To safeguard kidney function, we have devised a continuous surface cooling method (CSCT) for intraoperative kidney cooling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients receiving RAKT were divided into CSCT group and conventional group. The CSCT is a custom-designed apparatus composed of a single-layer plastic bag, featuring an inflow and an outflow that create a closed circuit for the continuous flow of cooling saline. The conventional group utilized ice slush for kidney graft cooling (Vattikuti Urology Institute-Medanta Technique, VUIMT). Patients who underwent open renal transplantation during the same period were also included in the study. All patients were subject to a minimum 2-month follow-up. And 1:3 propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients underwent CSCT, 47 underwent VUIMT, and 196 underwent open surgery were included in the study, while after matching, 129, 43, 129 patients were included in the three groups, respectively. The median follow-up time was 19 months. None of the patients experienced delayed graft function, patient mortality, or graft loss. After introducing the kidney into the abdominal cavity for 20 minutes, the surface temperature of the kidney in the CSCT group was notably lower compared to the VUIMT group (15.42±0.88 vs. 21.74±2.53°C, P=0.001). This temperature disparity became more pronounced at 65 minutes (19.74±1.61 vs. 29.82±1.63°C, P<0.001). At both 3 and 7 days post-transplantation, creatinine levels in the VUIMT group were significantly higher than those in the CSCT and open surgery groups (at 3 d, 244.13±45.61 vs. 182.51±55.47 in CSCT group, P<0.001, or vs. 182.77±61.32 in the open surgery group, P<0.001; at 7 d, 162.42±54.86 vs. 143.11±44.32 in the CSCT group, P<0.001, or vs. 135.23±45.27 in the open surgery group, P<0.001). No differences were observed in blood creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and perioperative complications between the CSCT and open surgery groups. CONCLUSION: The CSCT presents a significant advantage over the traditional VUIMT method in terms of kidney cooling and early postoperative kidney function preservation. Additional research is required to ascertain whether the CSCT can enhance the long-term prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.

Effect of pretransplant dialysis modalities on pancreas-kidney transplant outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The impact of different pre-transplant dialysis modalities on post-transplant outcomes for pancreas-kidney transplantation is currently unclear. This study aims to assess the association between pretransplant dialysis modalities (hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) and outcomes following pancreas-kidney transplantation. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies published from inception until December 1, 2023. We included studies that examined the relationship between pre-transplant dialysis modalities and clinical outcomes for pancreas-kidney transplantation. The primary outcomes considered were patient, pancreas and kidney graft survival, and intra-abdominal infection. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies involving 1503 pancreas-kidney transplant recipients were included. Pretransplant hemodialysis was associated with improved pancreas graft survival (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51 - 0.99, I² = 12%) and a decreased risk of intra-abdominal infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51 - 0.93, I² = 5%). However, no significant association was found between the dialysis modalities and patient or kidney graft survival. Furthermore, pre-transplant hemodialysis was linked to a reduced risk of anastomotic leak (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.161 - 0.68, I² = 0%) and graft thrombosis (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33 - 0.96, I² = 20%). CONCLUSION: Pre-transplant hemodialysis is the preferred dialysis modality while awaiting pancreas-kidney transplantation, although well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Efficacy and safety of pelvic floor magnetic stimulation combined with mirabegron in female patients with refractory overactive bladder: a prospective study.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of pelvic floor magnetic stimulation (PFMS) combined with mirabegron in female patients with refractory overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Patients and methods: A total of 160 female patients with refractory OAB symptoms were prospectively randomized into two groups. Eighty cases in the combination group accepted PFMS and mirabegron therapy and 80 cases as control only accepted mirabegron therapy (The clinical trial registry number: ChiCTR2200070171). The lower urinary tract symptoms, OAB questionnaire (OAB-q) health-related quality of life (HRQol), symptom bother score and OABSS between two groups were compared at the 1st, 2nd and 4th week ends. Results: All of 160 patients were randomly assigned to two groups, of which 80 patients were included in the combination group and 80 in the mirabegron group. The incidences of LUTS, including urgency, frequent urination, and incontinence episodes, in the 2nd week and the 4th week after combination treatment were significantly lower than those in the mirabegron group (p < 0.05). The incidence of drug-related adverse events between two groups was similar, and there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). With respect to secondary variables, the OAB-q HRQol score in the combination group was statistically superior in comparison with that in the mirabegron group between the 2nd week and the 4th week (p < 0.05). This was consistent with the primary outcome. Meanwhile, from the second to fourth week, the OAB-q symptom bother score and OABSS in the combination group were both lower than in the mirabegron group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Combination therapy of PFMS and mirabegron demonstrated significant improvements over mirabegron monotherapy in reducing refractory OAB symptoms for female patients, and providing a higher quality of life without increasing bothersome adverse effects. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR-INR-22013524.

Constructing artificial gap junctions to mediate intercellular signal and mass transport.

Natural gap junctions are a type of channel protein responsible for intercellular signalling and mass communication. However, the scope of applications for these proteins is limited as they cannot be prepared at a large scale and are unable to spontaneously insert into cell membranes in vitro. The construction of artificial gap junctions may provide an alternative strategy for preparing analogues of the natural proteins and bottom-up building blocks necessary for the synthesis of artificial cells. Here we show the construction of artificial gap junction channels from unimolecular tubular molecules consisting of alternately arranged positively and negatively charged pillar[5]arene motifs. These molecules feature a hydrophobic-hydrophilic-hydrophobic triblock structure that allows them to efficiently insert into two adjacent plasma membranes and stretch across the gap between the two membranes to form gap junctions. Similar to natural gap junction channels, the synthetic channels could mediate intercellular signal coupling and reactive oxygen species transmission, leading to cellular activity.

[Research on Position Verification of Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) and Dose Verification Based on Electronic Portal Imaging Device].

Objective: A quality control (QC) system based on the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) system was used to realize the Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) position verification and dose verification functions on Primus and VenusX accelerators. Methods: The MLC positions were calculated by the maximum gradient method of gray values to evaluate the deviation. The dose of images acquired by EPID were reconstructed using the algorithm combining dose calibration and dose calculation. The dose data obtained by EPID and two-dimensional matrix (MapCheck/PTW) were compared with the dose calculated by Pinnacle/TiGRT TPS for γ passing rate analysis. Results: The position error of VenusX MLC was less than 1 mm. The position error of Primus MLC was significantly reduced after being recalibrated under the instructions of EPID. For the dose reconstructed by EPID, the average γ passing rates of Primus were 98.86% and 91.39% under the criteria of 3%/3 mm, 10% threshold and 2%/2 mm, 10% threshold, respectively. The average γ passing rates of VenusX were 98.49% and 91.11%, respectively. Conclusion: The EPID-based accelerator quality control system can improve the efficiency of accelerator quality control and reduce the workload of physicists.

Role of mitochondria in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has a high morbidity and mortality, representing a worldwide problem. The kidney is an essential organ of metabolism that has high blood perfusion and is the second most mitochondria-rich organ after the heart because of the high ATP demands of its essential functions of nutrient reabsorption, acid-base and electrolyte balance, and hemodynamics. Thus, these energy-intensive cells are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. As the bulk of glomerular ultrafiltrate reabsorption by proximal tubules occurs via active transport, the mitochondria of proximal tubules must be equipped for detecting and responding to fluctuations in energy availability to guarantee efficient basal metabolism. Any insults to mitochondrial quality control mechanisms may lead to biological disruption, blocking the clearance of damaged mitochondria and resulting in morphological change and tissue dysfunction. Extensive research has shown that mitochondria have pivotal roles in acute kidney disease, so in this article, we discuss the role of mitochondria, their dynamics and mitophagy in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

From rust to robust disinfectants: How do iron oxides and inorganic oxidants synergize with UVA light towards bacterial inactivation?

Pathogens in drinking water remain a challenge for human health, photo-Fenton process is a promising technique for pathogen inactivation, herein, two common iron oxides, hematite and magnetite mediate persulfate (peroxymonosulfate-PMS - and peroxydisulfate-PDS) involved photo-Fenton-like processes were constructed for E. coli inactivation, and the inactivation performance was investigated and compared with the photo-Fenton process under a low intensity UVA irradiation. Results indicated that with a low dose of iron oxides (1 mg/L) and inorganic peroxides (10 mg/L), PMS-involved photo-Fenton-like process is the best substitute for the photo-Fenton one over pH range of 5-8. In addition, humic acid (HA, one of the important components of natural organic matter) incorporated iron oxide-mediated photo-Fenton-like processes for bacteria inactivation was also studied, and facilitating effect was found in UVA/hematite/PMS and UVA/magnetite/PDS systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exploration experiments revealed that ·OH was the predominant radical in H2O2- and PDS-containing systems, whereas 1O2 was one of the principal reactive species in the PMS systems. In addition to the semiconductor photocatalysis of iron oxides and UVA-activated oxidants, iron-complexes (iron-oxidant complexes and iron-bacteria complexes) mediated ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) processes also made contribution to bacterial inactivation. Overall, this study demonstrates that it is feasible to replace H2O2 with PMS in a photo-Fenton-like process for water disinfection using a low dose of reagents, mediated by cheap catalysts, such as hematite and magnetite, it is also hoped to provide some insights to practical water treatment.

The genomic route to tomato breeding: Past, present, and future.

Over the past 10,000 years, tomato species have undergone both unintentional and intentional selection to enhance their favorable traits for human consumption and manufacturing. These selection processes have significantly influenced the genomes of tomato species and have played a critical role in improving tomato varieties. In this review, we summarize recent advances in tomato genome sequencing, explore the impact of human-driven selection, and recapitulate key genes associated with important agronomic traits in tomato breeding. We provide several examples of genomics-guided tomato breeding to highlight the potential of genome resources in facilitating tomato improvement. Furthermore, we elaborate the progress and strategies of tomato breeding through genomic designing, and present how such efforts can help future enhancements of tomato to align with the demands of sustainability and evolving human societies.

Research on the Shock Wave Overpressure Peak Measurement Method Based on Equilateral Ternary Array.

The measurement process of ground shock wave overpressure is influenced by complex field conditions, leading to notable errors in peak measurements. This study introduces a novel pressure measurement model that utilizes the Rankine-Hugoniot relation and an equilateral ternary array. The research delves into examining the influence of three key parameters (array size, shock wave incidence angle, and velocity) on the precision of pressure measurement through detailed simulations. The accuracy is compared with that of a dual-sensor array under the same conditions. Static explosion tests were conducted using bare charges of 0.3 kg and 3 kg TNT to verify the numerical simulation results. The findings indicate that the equilateral ternary array shock wave pressure measurement method demonstrates a strong anti-interference capability. It effectively reduces the peak overpressure error measured directly by the shock wave pressure sensor from 17.73% to 1.25% in the test environment. Furthermore, this method allows for velocity-based measurement of shock wave overpressure peaks in all propagation direction, with a maximum measurement error of 3.59% for shock wave overpressure peaks ≤ 9.08 MPa.

Optical Limiting Response of Porous Carbon Dispersions.

With the wide application of intense lasers, the protection of human eyes and detectors from laser damage is becoming more and more strict. In this paper, we study the nonlinear optical limiting (OL) properties of porous carbon with a super large specific surface area (2.9 × 103 m2/g) using the nanosecond Z-scan technique. Compared to the traditional OL material C60, the porous carbon material shows an excellent broadband limiting effect, and the limiting thresholds correspond to 0.11 J/cm2 for 532 nm and 0.25 J/cm2 for 1064 nm pulses, respectively. The nonlinear scattering experiments showed that the OL behavior was mainly attributed to the nonlinear scattering effect, which is caused by the rapid growth and expansion of bubbles in the dispersion induced by laser irradiation, and the scattered light distribution is consistent with the results of Mie's scattering. These results suggest that porous carbon materials are expected to be applied to the field of laser protection in the future to further protect the human eye and precision optical instruments.

Integrated network pharmacology and pharmacological investigations to explore the potential mechanism of Ding-Chuan-Tang against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ding-Chuan-Tang (Abbreviated as DCT) is frequently prescribed for treatment of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the potential mechanism of DCT has not been investigated. AIM OF STUDY: The aim of the study is to explore the efficiency of DCT in the treatment of COPD in vivo and in vitro, and to illustrate the possible mechanism against COPD. METHODS: COPD model was induced by exposure of mice to cigarette smoke (CS) for 16 weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay, Western blot, etc., were used to explore the efficiency and mechanisms of DCT. Network pharmacology analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, etc., was performed to explore the potential targets in the treatment of DCT on COPD. RESULTS: DCT significantly alleviated pulmonary pathological changes in mouse COPD model, and inhibited inflammatory response induced by CS and LPS in vivo and in vitro. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that DCT alleviated COPD via inhibiting inflammation by regulating PI3K-AKT pathway. In cell-based models, DCT suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, which further regulated its downstream targets Nrf2 and NF-κB, and inhibited inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS: DCT effectively attenuated COPD in the mouse model induced by CS. The therapeutic mechanism of DCT against COPD was closely associated with the regulation of PI3K-AKT pathway and its downstream transcription factors, Nrf2 and NF-κB.

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with adverse outcomes after kidney transplantation: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Sarcopenia was found to be a poor prognostic factor in kidney transplant recipients, but the role of sarcopenia obesity remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of sarcopenic obesity on kidney transplantation. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on kidney transplant recipients between 2015 and 2019. Pretransplant CT scans were utilized to assess sarcopenia and visceral obesity. Based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia and visceral obesity, the recipients were classified into four distinct groups. RESULTS: The recipients were categorized into four groups based on their characteristics: the nonsarcopenic nonobesity group (n = 493, 49.85%), the nonsarcopenic obesity group (n = 248, 25.08%), the sarcopenic nonobesity group (n = 188, 19.01%), and the sarcopenic obesity group (n = 60, 6.07%). Multivariate analysis, identified sarcopenic obesity was as an independent risk factor for mortality following kidney transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.861; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.627-21.108; P = 0.007). Additionally, sarcopenic obesity was associated with an increased risk of delayed graft function (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.342; 95% CI 1.421-7.745; P = 0.005), perioperative incision infection (aOR, 9.654; 95% CI 1.572-60.648; P = 0.011), perioperative pulmonary infection (aOR, 2.557; 95% CI 1.208-5.215; P = 0.011), and readmission within 3 months (aOR, 2.100; 95% CI 1.051-4.017; P = 0.029). While sarcopenic obesity was found to be associated with impaired graft renal function, it did not show a significant correlation with death-censored graft survival or quality of life. CONCLUSION: The presence of sarcopenic obesity prior to kidney transplantation represents an independent risk factor for mortality, and it is also linked to a range of unfavorable outcomes.

Cathodal bilateral transcranial direct-current stimulation regulates selenium to confer neuroprotection after rat cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Non-invasive transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a safe ischaemic stroke therapy. Cathodal bilateral tDCS (BtDCS) is a modified tDCS approach established by us recently. Because selenium (Se) plays a crucial role in cerebral ischaemic injury, we investigated whether cathodal BtDCS conferred neuroprotection via regulating Se-dependent signalling in rat cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We first showed that the levels of Se and its transport protein selenoprotein P (SEPP1) were reduced in the rat cortical penumbra following I/R, whereas cathodal BtDCS prevented the reduction of Se and SEPP1. Interestingly, direct-current stimulation (DCS) increased SEPP1 level in cultured astrocytes subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation reoxygenation (OGD/R) but had no effect on SEPP1 level in OGD/R-insulted neurons, indicating that DCS may increase Se in ischaemic neurons by enhancing the synthesis and secretion of SEPP1 in astrocytes. We then revealed that DCS reduced the number of injured mitochondria in OGD/R-insulted neurons cocultured with astrocytes. DCS and BtDCS prevented the reduction of the mitochondrial quality-control signalling, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and syntaxin-4 (STX4), in OGD/R-insulted neurons cocultured with astrocytes and the ischaemic brain respectively. Under the same experimental conditions, downregulation of SEPP1 blocked DCS- and BtDCS-induced upregulation of VAMP2 and STX4. Finally, we demonstrated that cathodal BtDCS increased Se to reduce infract volume following I/R. Together, the present study uncovered a molecular mechanism by which cathodal BtDCS confers neuroprotection through increasing SEPP1 in astrocytes and subsequent upregulation of SEPP1/VAMP2/STX4 signalling in ischaemic neurons after rat cerebral I/R injury. KEY POINTS: Cathodal bilateral transcranial direct-current stimulation (BtDCS) prevents the reduction of selenium (Se) and selenoprotein P in the ischaemic penumbra. Se plays a crucial role in cerebral ischaemia injury. Direct-current stimulation reduces mitochondria injury and blocks the reduction of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and syntaxin-4 (STX4) in oxygen-glucose deprivation reoxygenation-insulted neurons following coculturing with astrocytes. Cathodal BtDCS regulates Se/VAMP2/STX4 signalling to confer neuroprotection after ischaemia.

Tuning the Flat Band in Bi2O2Se by Pressure to Induce Superconductivity.

The discovery of superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene has reignited enthusiasm in the field of flat-band superconductivity. However, important challenges remain, such as constructing a flat-band structure and inducing a superconducting state in materials. Here, we successfully achieved superconductivity in Bi2O2Se by pressure-tuning the flat-band electronic structure. Experimental measurements combined with theoretical calculations reveal that the occurrence of pressure-induced superconductivity at 30 GPa is associated with a flat-band electronic structure near the Fermi level. Moreover, in Bi2O2Se, a van Hove singularity is observed at the Fermi level alongside pronounced Fermi surface nesting. These remarkable features play a crucial role in promoting strong electron-phonon interactions, thus potentially enhancing the superconducting properties of the material. These findings demonstrate that pressure offers a potential experimental strategy for precisely tuning the flat band and achieving superconductivity.

Was antiviral prophylaxis necessary after kidney transplantation utilizing HBcAb+ donors? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines lack consensus on whether antiviral prophylaxes should be administered after kidney transplantation from HBcAb+ donors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of de novo HBV (DNH) infection, as well as graft and patient survival. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to December 31, 2023. We included relevant studies that assessed clinical outcomes following transplantation utilizing HBcAb+ kidneys. Summary measures of effect and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalence, risk factors, as well as graft and patient survival were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included for the final analysis. The DNH incidence was at 0.36% (9/2516) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 6%). HBsAb+ recipients (OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.25-2.38), HBcAb+ recipients (OR: 3.11, 95%CI: 0.91-10.66, P = 0.071), and recipients not receiving any antiviral prophylaxis (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 0.15-10.58) were not associated with higher DNH risk. Specifically, HBsAb-/HBcAb+ recipients had the highest DNH incidence (4.65%), followed by HBsAb-/HBcAb- (0.49%), HBsAb+/HBcAb- recipients (0.45%), and HBsAb+/HBcAb+ (0%). Furthermore, recipients receiving HBcAb+ kidneys had comparable graft survival (HR: 1.06, 95%CI: 0.94-1.19, P = 0.55) and patient survival (HR:1.16, 95%CI: 0.98-1.38, P = 0.090) compared with recipients receiving HBcAb- kidneys. CONCLUSION: Kidney transplantation utilizing HBcAb+ kidneys contributed to comparable graft and patient survival with an extremely low risk of HBV transmission. Antiviral prophylaxes may only be administered in HBsAb-/HBcAb+ recipients.

[Degradation of Carbamazepine in Water by UV-activated Sulfite Process].

In this study, the degradation efficiency and mechanism of carbamazepine (CBZ), a typical emerging contaminant in water, in the UV/sulfite process were investigated. The effects of different concentrations of dissolved oxygen [ρ(DO)] on the degradation of CBZ by UV-activated sulfite were investigated. Additionally, under a simulated natural water environment-controlled initial ρ(DO) of (8.0 ±0.2) mg·L-1, the effects of different process parameters (sulfite dosages and reaction pH) and water environmental factors (the presence of HCO3-, Cl-, and humic acids) on the degradation of CBZ were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the UV/sulfite process efficiently degraded CBZ with a degradation rate of 85.3% during the 30 min reaction time and followed the pseudo-first order kinetic model with the constant of 0.055 7 min-1. Using the electron spin resonance detection, reactive species quenching tests, and the competition kinetics, the sulfate radicals (SO4-·) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the UV/sulfite process were determined to be the main reactive species and were responsible for the degradation of CBZ with contribution rates of 43.9% and 56.1%, respectively. In addition, the degradation efficiency of CBZ decreased with the increasing concentration of HCO3-, and the presence of Cl- had little effect on the degradation of CBZ, whereas the presence of humic acids significantly inhibited the degradation of CBZ. Moreover, the accumulation of sulfate during the reaction was significantly lower than the limit of the Standard for Drinking Water (GB5749-2022). Additionally, the sulfite consumption rate constant was 0.004 4 min-1, which was significantly lower than the degradation rate constant of CBZ, indicating that sulfite could be activated efficiently by UV light to degrade CBZ in water.

Quantitative evaluation of urban green exposure and its impact on human health: A case study on the 3-30-300 green space rule.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Urban green spaces offer various health benefits, yet the impact of comprehensive green exposure criteria on multidimensional health remains unclear. The 3-30-300 green space rule represents the green exposure indicators with specific thresholds. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate urban green exposure in cities and can support investigation of its relationship with human health. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 902 investigated individuals in 261 residential locations aged 11-95 years from Xiamen City, China. 3-30-300 green exposure was calculated using field surveys, GIS, and Baidu Maps Application Programming Interface (API). Physical health data was based on Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI)-2. Mental health was from the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Social health was from a self-constructed evaluation questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using Geographically Weighted Regression and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression for global and local effects on green exposure and multidimensional health. RESULT: Among the investigated individuals, only 3.55 % (32/902) fully meet the 3-30-300 rule in Xiamen. Global results show that individuals achieved at least 30 % vegetation coverage (Yes) is associated with better physical (ß: 0.76, p < 0.01) and social (ß: 0.5, p < 0.01) health. GWLR global results indicate that individuals can "see at least 3 trees from home" meeting one (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.86, p < 0.05) or two (OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.22,0.78, p < 0.01; OR = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.07-0.77, p < 0.05) 3-30-300 rule components are significantly associated with reduced medical visits and hospitalizations refer to not met these criterias. In the GWR local analysis, achieved 30 % vegetation cover is significantly related to improved social health at all locations. Meeting any two indicators also contribute to improved social health (n = 511, ß: 0.46-0.51, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Green exposure indicators based on the 3-30-300 rule guiding healthy urban green space development. We observed multidimensional health benefits when 1/3 or 2/3 of the indicators were met.

A microelectrode electrochemical sensing platform based on heteroatoms doped carbon nanotubes arrays with peroxidase-like activity for in-situ detection in live cell.

In this work, we developed a new strategy to fabricate a series of transition metallic nanoparticles (NPs) embedded on B, N co-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) arrays modified flexible carbon fiber electrodes (M@BNCNTs/CF, M = Co, Fe, Ni) via facile inkjet printing assisted with chemical vapor deposition using Ionic liquid as solvent of printing ink and heteroatom dopants. Furthermore, Pt NPs via impregnation-thermal reduction process was anchored on the surface of Co@BNCNTs/CF (Pt-Co@BNCNTs/CF), which holds enhanced peroxidase-like activity and could be directly used as freestanding electrode to detect H2O2, exhibiting a low detection limit of 0.19 µM with wide linear range (0.5 µM-9.4 mM), and high sensitivity (1679 µA cm-2 mM-1). The excellent sensing performance of Pt-Co@BNCNTs/CF is attributed to the Pt, Co NPs anchored on CNTs with great catalytic activity, and the doping B, N would cause graphitic carbon with more defects to improve its inherent reactivity toward H2O2. Besides, CNTs arrays with high surface area also enlarge the exposure of active sites. Moreover, the Pt-Co@NBCNTs/CF microelectrode has been successfully applied in monitoring H2O2 secreted from human colonic cancer cells and normal colonic epithelial cells, which could offer crucial data for distinguishing various cell types and identifying cancer cells from normal cells. This work opens a new horizon to fabricate flexible miniaturized sensing device for extracellular analysis and offers an extended strategy to fabricate other metallic NPs embedded in heteroatoms doped CNTs functionalized flexible fiber electrode, by choosing diverse metal ions and ILs as inkjet printing precursors.

SlMYC2 promotes SlLBD40-mediated cell expansion in tomato fruit development.

As a plant-specific transcription factor, lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) protein was reported to regulate plant growth and stress response, but the functional research of subfamily II genes is limited. SlMYC2, a master regulator of Jasmonic acid response, has been found to exhibit high expression levels in fruit and has been implicated in the regulation of fruit ripening and resistance to Botrytis. However, its role in fruit expansion remains unknown. In this study, we present evidence that a subfamily II member of LBD, namely SlLBD40, collaborates with SlMYC2 in the regulation of fruit expansion. Overexpression of SlLBD40 significantly promoted fruit growth by promoting mesocarp cell expansion, while knockout of SlLBD40 showed the opposite result. Similarly, SlMYC2 knockout resulted in a significant decrease in cell expansion within the fruit. Genetic analysis indicated that SlLBD40-mediated cell expansion depends on the expression of SlMYC2. SlLBD40 bound to the promoter of SlEXPA5, an expansin gene, but did not activate its expression directly. While, the co-expression of SlMYC2 and SlLBD40 significantly stimulated the activation of SlEXPA5, leading to an increase in fruit size. SlLBD40 interacted with SlMYC2 and enhanced the stability and abundance of SlMYC2. Furthermore, SlMYC2 directly targeted and activated the expression of SlLBD40, which is essential for SlLBD40-mediated fruit expansion. In summary, our research elucidates the role of the interaction between SlLBD40 and SlMYC2 in promoting cell expansion in tomato fruits, thus providing novel insights into the molecular genetics underlying fruit growth.