Let's be fair. What about an AI editor?

Much of the current attention on artificial intelligence (AI)-based natural language processing (NLP) systems has focused on research ethics and integrity but neglects their roles in the editorial and peer-reviewing process. We argue that the academic community needs to develop and apply a consistent end-to-end policy on the ethics and integrity of NLP in academic publishing: standards such as drafting requirements and disclosure criteria imposed on potential contributors should be consistently applied to the editorial and peer review process in academic publications.

Molecular Profiling of Dental Pulp Stem Cells during Cell Differentiation by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered one of the key cells in tooth regeneration engineering. Understanding molecular biological information on DPSCs during differentiation is of great significance for the construction of tissue-engineered teeth. In this study, we investigated the differentiation process of DPSCs stimulated by drugs and gained molecular insights in the process. By using label-free and noninvasive surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to monitor molecular change profiling in the cell nucleus of single DPSCs during the differentiation process, we found that two pivotal differentiation biomarkers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), were overexpressed during the process. Continuous and intermittent monitoring of SERS spectra from the nuclear region indicated that the expression of proteins and related amino acids of tryptophan were markedly increased until peak period of differentiation (on day 14). Meanwhile corresponding transformation of DNA/RNA backbone vibrational modes was also observed during the differentiation process, indicating the occurrence of replication or transcription of DNA. The method provides a useful tool for the molecular biology studies of DPSCs differentiation, and the finding will broaden our understanding of DPSCs differentiation.

Research progress of periodontitis and periodontal dysbiosis / 口腔疾病防治

@#In recent years, the etiology of periodontitis has tended to be based on the theory of flora imbalance. That is, periodontitis is not caused by specific bacteria but by the breakdown of the oral flora balance, which leads to an immune imbalance. Imbalanced bacterial flora cooperate with each other to produce virulent factors that destroy organism tissues and induce immune cells to produce abnormal levels of cytokines, causing greater damage. This article reviews the initiation of a flora imbalance, the interaction between bacteria, the immune damage of the host and the prevention and treatment of the flora imbalance. The literature review shows that peroxidase released by inflammatory reactions, host immune responses to pathogenic microorganisms and some systemic factors, such as diabetes, can trigger flora imbalance. As a result, ion transport, substance synthesis and metabolism of bacteria change; virulence factors increase; and the oral flora balance is disrupted. Red complex bacteria enter gingival epithelial cells, produce adhesin, and selectively inhibit the expression of specific chemokines, which is beneficial for other pathogenic bacteria to enter gingival epithelial cells. Toxicity factors increase throughout the body, directly destroying body tissues and inducing innate and adaptive immune responses, thus causing related immune damage. The dysbacteriosis model of periodontitis provides a new idea for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, such as using biological factors, bacteriophages, probiotics and other methods to reduce the number of periodontal pathogens to restore the steady state of periodontal flora.