Chronic pancreatitis: Pain and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue. With the development of the disease, it may lead to exocrine and/or endocrine insufficiency. CP is one of the common diseases that cause abdominal pain, which will not get permanent spontaneous relief as the disease evolves. The American College of Gastroenterology clinical guidelines recommend computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line examination for the diagnosis of CP. CP common imaging findings include pancreatic atrophy, irregular dilatation of the pancreatic duct, calcification of pancreatic parenchyma, pancreatic duct stones, etc. In clinical practice, whether any correlations between CP-induced abdominal pain patterns (no pain/constant/intermittent pain) and corresponding imaging findings present are not well known. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively sort out and analyze the relevant information by collecting lots of literature on this field, so as to construct a cross-bridge between the clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations of CP patients. Also, it provides an imaging basis and foundation for the classification and diagnosis of abdominal pain types in clinical CP patients.

Effect of moxibustion combined with intraperitoneal injection of benazepril on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein phosphorylation in rats with chronic heart failure. / è‰¾ç¸è”åˆè´é‚£æ™®åˆ©å¯¹æ ¢æ€§å¿ƒåŠ›è¡°ç«­å¤§é¼ å¿ƒè‚Œå† è´¨ç½‘åº”æ¿€ç›¸å ³è›‹ç™½ç£·é ¸åŒ–è¡¨è¾¾çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of moxibustion at "Xinshu"(BL15) and "Feishu"(BL13) combined with intraperitoneal injection of benazepril on cardiac function and phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (elF2α) proteins in myocardium of rats with chronic heart failure (CHF), so as to explore its potential mechanism underlying improvement of CHF. METHODS: A total of 42 male SD rats were randomly assigned to blank control (n=10), CHF model (n=7), medication (benazepril, n=8), moxibustion (n=8) and moxibustion+benazepril (n=9) groups, after cardiac ultrasound model identification and elimination of the dead. The CHF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), once every week for 6 weeks. Mild moxibustion was applied to bilateral BL15 and BL13 regions for 20 min, once daily for 3 weeks. The rats of the medication group and moxibustion+benazepril group (benazepril was given first, followed by moxibustion) received intraperitoneal injection of benazepril (0.86 mg/kg) solution once daily for 3 weeks . The cardiac ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) were measured using echocardiography. Histopathological changes of the cardiac muscle tissue were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin (H.E.) staining. Serum contents of B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of phospho-PERK (p-PERK) and phospho-elF2α (p-elF2α) in the myocardium were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the EF and FS of the left cardiac ventricle were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the contents of serum BNP and AngⅡ, and expression levels of p-PERK and p-eIF2α significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, both the decreased EF and FS and the increased BNP and AngⅡ contents as well as p-PERK and p-elF2α expression levels were reversed by moxibustion, medication and moxibustion+benazepril (P<0.01). The effects of moxibustion+benazepril were markedly superior to those of simple moxibustion and simple medication in raising the levels of EF and FS rate and in down-regulating the contents of BNP, Ang Ⅱ, levels of p-PERK and p-elF2α (P<0.01, P<0.05). Outcomes of H.E. staining showed irregular arrangement of cardiomyocytes, cell swelling, vacuole and inflammatory infiltration in the model group, which was relatively milder in the 3 treatment groups. The effects of moxibustion+benazepril were superior to those of moxibustion or benazepril. CONCLUSIONS: Moxibustion combined with Benazepril can improve the cardiac function in CHF rats, which may be related to its functions in down-regulating the expression levels of myocardial p-PERK and p-elF2α to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress response.

Magnetic resonance imaging for acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications have significantly increased the burden of mortality and disability globally, making diabetes one of the most dangerous and prevalent chronic diseases. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal causes for hospital admission, which is a common exocrine pancreatic inflammatory disease that can cause severe abdominal pain and multiple organ dysfunction. There is an inseparable relationship between AP and diabetes. Diabetes is a high risk factor of AP, and patients with AP can develop pancreatogenic diabetes. In T2DM patients, the incidence rate of AP is significantly higher than that of the general population, and the clinical symptoms are more severe, with the majority of cases being moderate to severe AP. This review briefly introduces the pathogenesis and clinical features of AP in T2DM patients, focusing on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations of AP in T2DM patients. Our aim is to evaluate the severity of AP in patients with T2DM by MRI, so as to help clinicians assess the patient's condition and prognosis.

Frequency and predictors of implant-related complications after posterior cervical fusion.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and predictors of implant-related complications in adults after posterior cervical fusion. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Published literature on lumbosacral fusion suggest that implant-related complications are not uncommon. Although posterior cervical fusion is a common operation, data on frequency and predictors of implant-related complications after posterior cervical fusion is still scarce. METHODS: 86 patients (with 740 screws) who underwent posterior cervical fusion were included. Implant-related complications were identified by the presence of: (1) halo sign, (2) screw pull-out/breakage (3) post-operative kyphosis and (4) implant-related complications requiring revision surgery. These were stratified into two groups: (a) minor - isolated halo sign or screw pull-out/breakage (b) major - post-operative kyphosis > 10 degrees, and revision surgery. Demographic, operative and radiological data was collected. Rates of implant-related complications were determined and associated risk factors identified. RESULTS: 33 (38.4%) patients had signs of implant-related complications. Of these, 29 (87.9%) had minor complications and 4 (12.1%) had major complications. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (p = 0.03179) and pre-op C2-C7 sagittal vertical alignment (SVA) (p = 0.02449) were the only significant risk factors for all-cause implant-related complications during multivariate logistic regression. Other intraoperative parameters (type of screw, length of fusion, levels decompressed, and extension of fusion beyond the levels decompressed) were not significantly associated with implant-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Implant-related complications are not uncommon but rarely require revision surgery. Higher pre-operative SVA and CCI were significant risk factors; length of construct and extent of decompression were not. These findings may assist clinicians when deciding the extent of fusion and in selecting patients for closer follow-up.

We assessed the frequency and predictors of implant-related complications in adults after posterior cervical fusion. Implant-related complications (halo sign, screw pull-out/breakage, post-operative kyphosis) are not uncommon but rarely require revision surgery. Higher pre-operative SVA and CCI were significant risk factors; length of construct and extent of decompression were not.

Acute pancreatitis: Structured report template of magnetic resonance imaging.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdomen disease of the digestive system. It has a potentially fatal risk because of its variable severity and various complications. With the widespread application of the Revised Atlanta Classification, new requirements for AP imaging reports are introduced. Experts in abdominal radiology and pancreatology in the United States published the first structured computed tomography reporting template for AP in 2020. However, there is no corresponding structured magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporting template globally. Therefore, this article focuses on the structured MRI report of AP images from our pancreatitis imaging center, which is intended to improve the systematic understanding of this disease and standardize the writing of MRI structured reports. In the meantime, we aim to promote the clinical diagnosis and assessment of MRI efficacy for AP and its multiple complications. It is further intended to facilitate academic exchanges and scientific research between different medical centers.

An extraordinary fossil captures the struggle for existence during the Mesozoic.

Dinosaurs and mammals have coexisted for the last ~ 230 million years. Both groups arose during the Late Triassic and diversified throughout the Mesozoic and into the Cenozoic (the latter in the form of birds). Although they undoubtedly interacted in many ways, direct fossil evidence for their interaction is rare. Here we report a new fossil find from the Lujiatun Member of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, showing a gobiconodontid mammal and psittacosaurid dinosaur locked in mortal combat. We entertain various hypothesized explanations for this association, but the balance of the evidence suggests that it represents a predation attempt on the part of the smaller mammal, suddenly interrupted by, and preserved within, a lahar-type volcanic debris flow. Mesozoic mammals are usually depicted as having lived in the shadows of their larger dinosaurian contemporaries, but this new fossil convincingly demonstrates that mammals could pose a threat even to near fully-grown dinosaurs. The Yixian Formation-and the Chinese fossil Jehol Biota more broadly-have played a particularly important role in revealing the diversity of small-bodied dinosaurs and other fauna. We anticipate that the volcanically derived obrution deposits specific to the Lujiatun Member will likewise continue to yield evidence for biotic interactions otherwise unknown from the rest of the fossil record.

Single-cell transcriptomics of human-skin-equivalent organoids.

Several methods for generating human-skin-equivalent (HSE) organoid cultures are in use to study skin biology; however, few studies thoroughly characterize these systems. To fill this gap, we use single-cell transcriptomics to compare in vitro HSEs, xenograft HSEs, and in vivo epidermis. By combining differential gene expression, pseudotime analyses, and spatial localization, we reconstruct HSE keratinocyte differentiation trajectories that recapitulate known in vivo epidermal differentiation pathways and show that HSEs contain major in vivo cellular states. However, HSEs also develop unique keratinocyte states, an expanded basal stem cell program, and disrupted terminal differentiation. Cell-cell communication modeling shows aberrant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated signaling pathways that alter upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) supplementation. Last, xenograft HSEs at early time points post transplantation significantly rescue many in vitro deficits while undergoing a hypoxic response that drives an alternative differentiation lineage. This study highlights the strengths and limitations of organoid cultures and identifies areas for potential innovation.

Treatment of acute traumatic central cord syndrome: a score-based approach based on the literature.

PURPOSE: Acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) accounts for up to 70% of incomplete spinal cord injuries, and modern improvements in surgical and anaesthetic techniques have given surgeons more treatment options for the ATCCS patient. We present a literature review of ATCCS, with the aim of elucidating the best treatment option for the varying ATCCS patient characteristics and profiles. We aim to synthesise the available literature into a simple-to-use format to aid in the decision-making process. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies and improvement in functional outcomes were calculated. To allow for direct comparison of functional outcomes, we chose to focus solely on studies which utilised the ASIA motor score and improvements in ASIA motor score. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included for review. There were a total of 749 patients, of which 564 were treated surgically and 185 were treated conservatively. There was a significantly higher average motor recovery percentage amongst surgically-treated patients as compared to conservatively treated patients (76.1% vs. 66.1%, p value = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the ASIA motor recovery percentage of patients treated with early surgery and delayed surgery (69.9 vs. 77.2, p value = 0.31). Delayed surgery after a trial of conservative management is also an appropriate treatment strategy for certain patients, and the presence of multiple comorbidities portend poor outcomes. We propose a score-based approach to decision making in ATCCS, by allocating a numerical score for the patient's clinical neurological condition, imaging findings on CT or MRI, history of cervical spondylosis and comorbidity profile. CONCLUSIONS: An individualised approach to each ATCCS patient, considering their unique characteristics will lead to the best outcomes, and the use of a simple scoring system, can aid clinicians in choosing the best treatment for ATCCS patients.

Characteristics and Postoperative Outcomes for High Cervical versus Subaxial Cervical Intradural Extramedullary Tumors: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: High cervical intradural extramedullary tumors are uncommon. Their relationship to surrounding neural structures and vertebral arteries makes surgical excision challenging. No previous studies have compared high cervical to subaxial cervical intradural extramedullary spinal tumors to elucidate their unique characteristics and surgical outcomes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in which patients who underwent excision of a cervical intradural extramedullary tumor were divided into a high cervical group and a subaxial cervical group. Variables included sex, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, volume, laterality, preoperative weakness, use of neuromonitoring and drains, instrumented fusion, complications, length of stay, histology, discharge location, recurrence, and duration of follow-up. Variables were compared between the 2 groups. Limb power and Nurick classification were charted preoperatively, at discharge, and at 6 months to plot their recovery trajectory. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients with a total of 90 tumors were enrolled, including 40 patients in the high cervical group and 44 patients in the subaxial spine group. More patients with neurofibromas (P = 0.011) and bilateral tumors (P = 0.044) were in the high cervical group. A greater prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 was significant for bilateral high cervical tumors (P = 0.033). More patients in the subaxial group had instrumented fusion (P = 0.045). More patients in the high cervical group had improvement in limb power (P = 0.025) and Nurick classification (P = 0.0001) postoperatively before discharge. By 6 months, both groups had similar recovery. No mortality was attributable to surgery in either group. CONCLUSION: High cervical intradural extramedullary spine tumors have more bilateral tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Despite the challenging anatomy, surgical resection is safe with good outcomes in this group.

Research progress on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated 9 system for the treatment of HSV / 中华检验医学杂志

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA enveloped virus that causes severe effects on the human body by infecting the skin and nerve tissues. Because of latency and reactivation, the rapid detection and eradication of HSV are great challenges for clinical treatments. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system has developed rapidly in the field of gene editing and detection due to its simple design and high targeting efficiency.

Impact of individual and combined assessment of age- and sex-specific brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and pulse pressure on all-cause mortality / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the impact of individual and combined assessment of age- and sex-specific brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and pulse pressure (PP) on all-cause mortality. Methods: This study is a prospective cohort study. Individuals participated in the Kailuan Study and completed baPWV measurements between 2010 and 2016 were included in this study. After stratifying by sex, 75th percentile baPWV and PP values for different age group were calculated at five years interval. BaPWV and PP values below the 75th percentile were defined as normal, and those above or equal to the 75th percentile were defined as increased. The participants were allocated to four groups according to their PP and baPWV status: normal baPWV/PP group, high baPWV/normal PP group, normal baPWV/high PP group and high baPWV/PP group. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the impact of individual and combined assessment of baPWV and PP on all-cause mortality events. Results: A total of 39 339 participants were enrolled in this study, aged (49.3±12.8) years, of which 28 731 (73.03%) were males. There were 23 268, 6 025, 6 210 and 3 836 cases in the normal baPWV/PP group, high baPWV/normal PP group, normal baPWV/high PP group and high baPWV/PP group, respectively. The average follow-up duration was (4.98±2.53) years. During the follow-up period, all-cause mortality occurred in 998 individuals. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed increased risk of all-cause mortality in the high baPWV/normal PP group (HR=1.27, 95%CI 1.07-1.50), and in the high baPWV/PP group (HR=1.33, 95%CI 1.08-1.65) compared to the normal baPWV/PP group. Increased pulse pressure alone had no impcat on all-cause death (HR=1.06, 95%CI 0.87-1.29). Conclusions: The risk of all-cause mortality significantly increases with increased age-and sex-specific baPWV and PP values. BaPWV may be a better predictor of all-cause mortality than PP in this cohort.

Clinical evaluation of lacrimal gland parameters in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using orbital magnetic resonance imagining / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the lacrimal gland parameters and their correlation with clinical examination in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)using orbital magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHODS: A total of 38 patients(76 eyes)with TAO were selected as case group, and 26 patients(52 eyes)who matched the gender and age with case group and volunteered to accept examination were selected as normal control group. Patients in case group were categorized into active TAO group and inactive TAO group according to the modified clinical activity score(CAS). The exophthalmos was evaluated on T1WI after obtaining the MRI images, the longest lacrimal gland length, width, and the biggest area in axial and coronal images were evaluated on T2WI, and the maximum T2 value and mean T2 value of the lacrimal gland were recorded.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender and exophthalmos between active TAO and inactive TAO(P&#x0026;#x003E;0.05). The area of lacrimal gland was higher in active TAO than that in inactive TAO, and was higher in inactive TAO than that in control group in coronal and axial section(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01). The length of lacrimal gland in coronal and axial section was higher in the active TAO than that in the inactive TAO and the control group(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The width of lacrimal gland in coronal and axial section was higher in active TAO and inactive TAO than that in the control group(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The maximum T2 value in the active TAO was higher than that in the inactive TAO and control group, and the inactive TAO was higher than that in the control group(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The average T2 value in the active TAO was higher than that in the inactive TAO and control group(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). CAS was positively correlated with lacrimal gland area in axial, coronal section and maximum T2 value(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.01).CONCLUSION: The lacrimal gland is significantly enlarged in patients with TAO, especially in active TAO. The lacrimal gland area in axial, coronal section and maximum T2 value could be potentially utilized as valuable radiographic biomarkers for the activity of TAO.

Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles of retinoblastoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the key genes and molecular markers involved in the retinoblastoma development through bioinformatics.METHODS: The mRNA microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database were obtained, and the differentially expressed gene(DEG)between retinoblastoma cell lines and normal retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cell lines were analyzed through gene ontology(GO)and KEGG enrichment analysis. To screen key genes, establish protein-protein interaction(PPI)network, and use receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve to assess clinical diagnostic efficacy. The RNA expressions of key genes in retinoblastoma cell lines and normal RPE cell lines were compared by qRT-PCR.RESULTS: A total of 121 DEGs were obtained from the retinoblastoma dataset of GSE97508 and GSE110811. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEG were enriched in phototransduction, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathways. A total of 9 key genes, including MCM6, DTL, UBE2T, TOP2A, NUSAP1, CENPK, RRM2, RLBP1, and RHO, were obtained from the intersection of PPI network analysis and the top 30 DEG from each dataset. The differentially expressed 9 key genes were verified in GSE24673. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for UBE2T, RRM2, and RHO was ≥80%, and there was a statistical significance(P>0.05). The mRNA level of UBE2T and RRM2 in retinoblastoma was significantly higher than APRE-19 cell line, while the mRNA level of RHO was significantly lower than that of ARPE-19 cell line.CONCLUSION: UBE2T, RRM2, and RHO may be served as potential molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets for retinoblastoma.

Medical imaging for pancreatic diseases: Prediction of severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology [2022; 28 (19): 2123-2136]. We pay attention to how to construct a simpler and more reliable new clinical predictive model to early identify patients at high risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and to early predict the severity of organ failure from chest computed tomography (CT) findings in SAP patients. As we all know, SAP has a sudden onset, is a rapidly changing condition, and can be complicated with ARDS and even multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and its mortality rate has remained high. At present, there are many clinical scoring systems for AP, including the bedside index for severity in AP, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Japanese severe score, quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment, etc. However, some of these scoring systems are complex and require multiple and difficult clinical parameters for risk stratification. Although the aforementioned biomarkers are readily available, their ability to predict ARDS varies. Accor-dingly, it is extremely necessary to establish a simple and valuable novel model to predict the development of ARDS in AP. In addition, the extra-pancreatic manifestations of AP patients often involve the chest, among which pleural effusion and pulmonary consolidation are the more common complications. Therefore, by measuring the semi-quantitative indexes of chest CT in AP patients, such as the amount of pleural effusion and the number of lobes involved as pulmonary consolidation, it has important reference value for the early diagnosis of SAP complicated with ARDS and is expected to provide a basis for the early treatment of ARDS.

The novel HLA-A*69:01:04 allele identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual.

HLA-A*69:01:04 differs from HLA-A*69:01:01:01 in exon 2 at position 336 by a single synonymous mutation.

Protective effect of Lindera aggregata on lipopolysaccharide-induced mice acute respiratory distress syndrome by regulating p38MAPK/ERK pathway / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the protective effect of Lindera aggregata on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods:Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, ARDS model group, low-dose Lindera aggregata (L-LA) group and high-dose Lindera aggregata (H-LA) group, with 10 mice in each group. ARDS model was established by injecting 5 mg/kg LPS through the trachea. The L-LA group and H-LA group were orally administrated 1 g/kg and 5 g/kg of the Lindera aggregate extract once a day, respectively, while the ARDS model group was given the same volume of normal saline, the sham group received no treatment. The Lindera aggregata was preadministered for 3 days before modeling, and continued for 2 days after modeling, then the animals were sacrificed, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. The pathological changes of lung tissue in each group of mice were observed under the microscope and the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung were measured. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mice serum and BALF, and flow cytometry was used to detect the expression rate of CD40 on the surface of BALF macrophages. The phosphorylation levels of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) proteins in lung tissue were measured by Western blotting.Results:Lung histopathology under light microscope showed that the damage of alveolar structure, thickening of alveolar septum and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the H-LA group were less severe than those in the ARDS model group, while the pathological characteristics of ARDS in the L-LA group were not significantly different from those in the ARDS model group. Compared with the sham operation group, the lung W/D ratio, TNF-α and IL-6 protein contents in serum and BALF, BALF macrophage CD40 expression rate and lung tissue p38 and ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in ARDS model group. The W/D ratio, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and BALF, the expression rate of CD40 in BALF macrophages, and the phosphorylation levels of p38 and ERK1/2 protein in lung tissue in the L-LA group were not significantly different from those in the ARDS model group. The above indexes in the H-LA group were significantly lower than those in the ARDS model group and the L-LA group [W/D ratio: 5.70±0.19 vs. 6.20±0.31, 6.01±0.17; serum TNF-α (ng/L): 83.63±15.04 vs. 111.75±18.45, 108.12±13.98; serum IL-6 (ng/L): 111.38±8.75 vs. 244.13±26.85, 227.50±9.37; BALF TNF-α (ng/L): 36.25±2.82 vs. 51.13±5.44, 47.50±5.78; BALF IL-6 (ng/L): 35.63±2.20 vs. 49.63±4.90, 46.38±3.50; CD40 expression rate (%): 23.28±2.45 vs. 30.32±2.40, 28.17±1.98; p-p38/p38: 0.50±0.04 vs. 0.74±0.07, 0.69±0.04; p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2: 0.47±0.07 vs. 0.72±0.07, 0.68±0.05; all P < 0.01]. Conclusions:Lindera aggregata can inhibit LPS-induced lung inflammation and alleviate lung injury in ARDS mice. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase/ERK (p38MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway.

doxorubicin induces chronic heart failure in rats by regulating mitochondrial dynamics via drp1/fundc1 pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the damage degree of doxorubicin hydrochloride( DOX )on cardiac function in rats, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Experiment 1: SD rats( n=48 )were randomly divided into control group( normal saline ), DOX 1 group( DOX cumulative dose 12 mg·kg-1 ;intraperitoneal injection ), DOX 2 group( 15 mg·kg-1 ;)and DOX 3 group( 18 mg·kg-1 ;). Cardiac structure and cardiac function were detected by echocardiography. B-type natriuretic peptide( BNP )was detected by ELISA. The morphological changes of myocardium were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin( HE )staining. The optimal dose group( DOX 2 group )was selected comprehensively. Experiment 2: SD rats( n=36 )were randomly divided into control group( normal saline ), DOX 2 group(15 mg·kg-1)and DOX 2+Mdivi-1 group( 15 mg·kg-1+daily abdominal injection of Mdivi-1(1 mg ·kg-1 ;)). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of myocardial mitochondrial dynamics. Results Compared with the control group, hearts in DOX groups were enlarged and the heart function was reduced. Under the microscope, hypertrophy of cardiac cells and loose arrangement of cardiac fibers were observed in DOX group, and the higher the cumulative dose of DOX in rats, the more severe the degree of heart failure and the higher the mortality rate of rats. Compared with control group, the expression of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1( DRP1 )and related signaling pathway protein FUN14 domain containing 1( FUNDC1 )in DOX 2 group increased. The expression of optic atrophy 1( OPA1 )decreased, the expression of FUNDC1 and DRP1 protein decreased, and the expression of OPA1 protein was enhanced after the use of mitochondrial dynamics inhibitor(Mdivi-1). Conclusions DOX can cause chronic heart failure, and the mechanism may be related to DRP1/FUNDC1 mediated mitochondrial fission and fusion.

Efficacy and safety of intratracheal administration of budesonide combined with pulmonary surfactant in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a prospective randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the efficacy and safety of early intratracheal administration of budesonide combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).@*METHODS@#A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed. A total of 122 infants with a high risk of BPD who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January to July 2021 were enrolled. The infants were randomly divided into a conventional treatment group with 62 infants (treated with PS alone at an initial dose of 200 mg/kg, followed by a dose of 100 mg/kg according to the condition of the infant) and an observation group with 60 infants (treated with PS at the same dose as the conventional treatment group, with the addition of budesonide 0.25 mg/kg for intratracheal instillation at each time of PS application). The two groups were compared in terms of the times of PS use, ventilator parameters at different time points, oxygen inhalation, incidence rate and severity of BPD, incidence rate of complications, and tidal breathing pulmonary function at the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the conventional treatment group, the observation group had a significantly lower proportion of infants using PS for two or three times (P<0.05). Compared with the conventional treatment group, the observation group had a significantly lower fraction of inspired oxygen at 24 and 48 hours and 3, 7, and 21 days after administration, significantly shorter durations of invasive ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, ventilator application, and oxygen therapy, a significantly lower incidence rate of BPD, and a significantly lower severity of BPD (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of glucocorticoid-related complications between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with PS use alone in preterm infants with a high risk of BPD, budesonide combined with PS can reduce repeated use of PS, lower ventilator parameters, shorten the duration of respiratory support, and reduce the incidence rate and severity of BPD, without increasing the incidence rate of glucocorticoid-related complications.