Fe(III)/peroxymonosulfate oxidation system for the degradation of rhein, a toxic component abundance in rhubarb residue.

Rhubarb is widely used in health care, but causing a great amount of rhein-containing herbal residue. Rhein with several toxicities might pollute environment, damage ecology and even hazard human health if left untreated. In this study, the degradation effects of bisulfite- (BS) and peroxymonosulfate- (PMS) based oxidation systems on rhein in rhubarb residue were compared and investigated. The effects of BS and PMS with two valence states of ferric ion (Fe) on the degradation of rhein in rhubarb residue were optimized for the selection of optimal oxidation system. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time and initial pH on the removal of rhein under the optimal oxidation system were evaluated. The chemical profiles of rhubarb residue with and without oxidation process were compared by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the degradation effects were investigated by PLS-DA and S plot/OPLS-DA analysis. The results manifested that PMS showed relative higher efficiency than BS on the degradation of rhein. Moreover, Fe(III) promoted the degradation effect of PMS, demonstrated that Fe(III)/PMS is the optimal oxidation system to degrade rhein in rhubarb residue. Further studies indicated that the degradation of rhein by the Fe(III)/PMS oxidation system was accelerated with the prolong of reaction time and the elevation of reaction temperature, and also affected by the initial pH. More importantly, Fe(III)/PMS oxidation system could degrade rhein in rhubarb residue completely under the optimal conditions. In conclusion, Fe(III)/PMS oxidation system is a feasible method to treat rhein in rhubarb residue.

The influence of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss extract on lipid mediators metabolism network in asthmatic mice.

Current drugs do not provide an absolute cure or modify the course of asthma. Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss extract (SXCF) has been used as Uyghur medicine for several years to treat bronchial asthma. However, very limited research has been conducted on the therapeutic mechanisms of SXCF. Disruptions in the metabolic network of lipid mediators (LMs) are closely linked to the development of asthma. Here, we explored the therapeutic mechanism of SXCF in asthma based on the metabolic network of LMs, aiming to contribute to the understanding of SXCF in asthma treatment at the molecular level. The UHPLC-MRM strategy was used for the quantitative detection of LMs in the lung tissue and in the peripheral circulatory system (serum). ELISA was used to detect IgE in serum and cytokines in BALF. The lung tissue sections were stained with H&E to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and behavioural changes in mice were observed and recorded throughout the animal experiment. In contrast to the asthma group, the opposite result was observed in the SXCF groups, where the perturbed LMs metabolic network was partly restored in a dose-dependent manner with a significant elevation of anti-inflammatory metabolites, while pro-inflammatory lipids were decreased. As significant downregulation of IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed, IgE and cytokines analysis also supported the anti-inflammatory effects of SXCF. It was also noticed that SXCF treatment reduced the number of coughs and decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration around the bronchus in mice. These results suggested that SXCF has a significant ameliorative effect on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. The modulation of LMs is a possible underlying mechanism of the SXCF effects.

Hospitalization costs of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia in Shanghai / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology and hospitalization costs of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Shanghai. Methods: A retrospective case summary was conducted on 63 614 hospitalized children with CAP in 59 public hospitals in Shanghai from January 2018 to December 2020. These children's medical records, including their basic information, diagnosis, procedures, and costs, were extracted. According to the medical institutions they were admitted, the patients were divided into the children's hospital group, the tertiary general hospital group and the secondary hospital group; according to the age, they were divided into <1 year old group, 1-<3 years old group, 3-<6 years old group, 6-<12 years old group and 12-18 years old group; according to the CAP severity, they were divided into severe pneumonia group and non-severe pneumonia group; according to whether an operation was conducted, the patients were divided into the operation group and the non-operation group. The epidemiological characteristics and hospitalization costs were compared among the groups. The χ2 test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for the comparisons between two groups as appropriate, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted for comparisons among multiple groups. Results: A total of 63 614 hospitalized children with CAP were enrolled, including 34 243 males and 29 371 females. Their visiting age was 4 (2, 6) years. The length of stay was 6 (5, 8) days. There were 17 974 cases(28.3%) in the secondary hospital group, 35 331 cases (55.5%) in the tertiary general hospital group and 10 309 cases (16.2%) in the children's hospital group. Compared with the hospitalizations cases in 2018 (27 943), the cases in 2019 (29 009) increased by 3.8% (1 066/27 943), while sharply declined by 76.2% (21 281/27 943) in 2020 (6 662). There were significant differences in the proportion of patients from other provinces and severe pneumonia cases, and the hospitalization costs among the children's hospital, secondary hospital and tertiary general hospital (7 146 cases(69.3%) vs. 2 202 cases (12.3%) vs. 9 598 cases (27.2%), 6 929 cases (67.2%) vs. 2 270 cases (12.6%) vs. 9 397 cases (26.6%), 8 304 (6 261, 11 219) vs. 1 882 (1 304, 2 796) vs. 3 195 (2 364, 4 352) CNY, χ2=10 462.50, 9 702.26, 28 037.23, all P<0.001). The annual total hospitalization costs of pediatric CAP from 2018 to 2020 were 110 million CNY, 130 million CNY and 40 million CNY, respectively. And the cost for each hospitalization increased year by year, which was 2 940 (1 939, 4 438), 3 215 (2 126, 5 011) and 3 673 (2 274, 6 975) CNY, respectively. There were also significant differences in the hospitalization expenses in the different age groups of <1 year old, 1-<3 years old, 3-<6 years old, 6-<12 years old and 12-18 years old (5 941 (2 787, 9 247) vs. 2 793 (1 803, 4 336) vs. 3 013 (2 070, 4 329) vs. 3 473 (2 400, 5 097) vs. 4 290 (2 837, 7 314) CNY, χ2=3 462.39, P<0.001). The hospitalization cost of severe pneumonia was significantly higher than that of non-severe cases (5 076 (3 250, 8 364) vs. 2 685 (1 780, 3 843) CNY, Z=109.77, P<0.001). The cost of patients who received operation was significantly higher than that of whom did not (10 040 (4 583, 14 308) vs. 3 083 (2 025, 4 747) CNY, Z=44.46, P<0.001). Conclusions: The number of children hospitalized with CAP in Shanghai decreased significantly in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2018 and 2019.The proportion of patients from other provinces and with severe pneumonia are mainly admitted in children's hospitals. Hospitalization costs are higher in children's hospitals, and also for children younger than 1 year old, severe cases and patients undergoing operations.

Research progress on the effect mechanism of polysaccharides against pancreatic cancer / 中国药房

Polysaccharide is a recognized immunomodulator that has been shown to have inhibitory effects on a variety of cancer cells and has the potential to be developed as an anti-cancer drug. Pancreatic cancer， one of the cancers with the highest mortality rate， is treated with long-term chemotherapeutic drugs and is prone to a variety of side effects such as immune deficiency， fatigue， and neurological lesions. The polysaccharide anti-pancreatic cancer research landscape both domestically and internationally is summarized in this publication. By regulating nuclear factor-κB， Hippo-Yes-associated protein， integrin and other signaling pathways， polysaccharide components play an anti-pancreatic cancer role by multi-target ways， such as inducing apoptosis and autophagy， inhibiting proliferation， migration and invasion of cancer cells， and regulating the cancer cell cycle.

[Clinical observation of acupotomy combined with warm needling for cervical spondylotic radiculopathy of qi and blood stagnation syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of acupotomy combined with warm needling on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) of qi and blood stagnation syndrome. METHODS: A total of 90 CSR patients were randomly divided into an acupotomy group, a warm needling group and a combined treatment group, with 30 cases in each group. The patients in the acupotomy group were treated with acupotomy, once every 7 days, consecutively for 3 times. The patients in the warm needling group received warm needling, once daily, at the interval of 2 days after consecutive treatments for 5 days, 7 days as one session of treatment and 3 consecutive sessions were required. The patients in the combined treatment group were treated with acupotomy and warm needling, and the methods and the treatment session were same as the the previous two groups. Before and after the treatment, the pain rating index (PRI) of McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and the 20-point scale of CSR developed by Yasuhisa Tanaka (CSR20) were adopted in the assessment. The changes of clinical symptoms and functions of patients were observed and the clinical efficacy was assessed in each group. RESULTS: After the treatment, the PRI score was decreased (P<0.05) and the CSR20 score was increased (P<0.05) in the 3 treatment groups when compared with those before the treatment. After the treatment, compared with the acupotomy group and the warm needling group, the PRI score was decreased (P<0.05) and the CSR20 score was increased (P<0.05) in the combined treatment group. The total effective rate was 83.3% (25/30) in the acupotomy group, 76.7% (23/30) in the warm needling group and 93.3% (28/30) in the combined treatment group. The total effective rate in the combined treatment group was higher than those in the acupotomy group and the warm needling group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined treatment with acupotomy and warm needling may obviously improve the clinical symptoms and physical signs, e.g. pain and numbness in the patients with CSR of qi and blood stagnation syndrome. Its efficacy is remarkably higher than that of the simple application of acupotomy or warm needling.

Short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention for pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis (FM). Methods: It was a case series study. Consecutive patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by FM, who underwent percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020, were retrospective enrolled. The baseline characteristics, comorbidities, exercise capacity and hemodynamic data before and after treatment were compared, and the procedural related complications were evaluated. Results: A total of 30 patients ((64.3±7.1) years, 15 males) were included. Sixty-three pulmonary vein stenosis were treated by 32 percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty procedures. Forty-four stents were implanted in 41 pulmonary veins after balloon angioplasty, and the diameter of implanted stents was (8.3±1.2)mm. Balloon angioplasty was performed on 22 pulmonary vein stenosis, the mean balloon diameter was (4.2±2.1)mm. The pulmonary vein diameter increased from (2.6±1.3) to (6.6±2.6) mm (P<0.001) and the pressure gradient across the pulmonary vein stenotic segment reduced from 19 (12, 29) to 2 (0, 4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (P<0.001) immediately post procedure. The pulmonary vein flow grade was significantly improved compared with baseline (P<0.001). The most common operation related complications were lung injury (44.0% (11/25)) and hemoptysis (18.8% (6/32)), which did not need special treatment. During the 2.0 (1.3, 3.2) months follow-up, the WHO functional class was significantly improved (P<0.05), the 6-minute walking distance increased from (254.8±114.5) m to (342.8±72.4)m (P<0.05), the mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from (40.9±8.3) mmHg to (35.4±7.7) mmHg (P<0.01), 17 out of 19 patients with refractory pleural effusion experienced total remission during the follow-up period (P<0.001). CT pulmonary venography was repeated in 17 patients. The incidence of in-stent restenosis of pulmonary vein was 24.0% (6/25). Conclusions: Percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty is effective for the treatment of pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis. However, it's not so safe, procedural related complication should be paid attention to and the rate of in-stent restenosis is relative high during the short-term follow-up.

Effect of effective parts of Dracocephalum moldavica on the necroptosis of HBMECs after OGD/R injury / 药学学报

We investigated the ability of Dracocephalum moldavica (EPDM) flavonoids to protect human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) from necroptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. To mimic the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, a necroptosis model was established by treatment with the pan-cysteine aspartic acid protease (caspase) inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK combined with oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) injury using HBMECs. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity (cell counting kit-8, CCK-8) was used to measure cell viability. A Hoechst33342/PI fluorescent double-staining method was exploited to determine the rate of cell necroptosis. A commercial kit was used to detect lactate dehydrogenase in the cell culture supernate. DCFH-DA probes, calcein AM and JC-1 probes were used to measure changes in ROS production, mitochondrial membrane permeability transformation pore (MPTP) opening and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were chosen to detect the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Western blotting was used to detect necroptosis-related proteins. The results show that relative to control group, Z-VAD-FMK combined with OGD/R injury reduced cell viability, increased the necroptosis rate and the levels of LDH and ROS in HBMECs. The MPTP of the model group cells opened and the MMP reduced. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were significantly elevated. Furthermore, the expression of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and mitochondrial phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) was significantly increased, accompanied by an increase of phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL)/MLKL. EPDM partially reversed the changes of the above-mentioned factors in HBMECs induced by Z-VAD-FMK plus OGD/R injury. These results indicate that EPDM may protect HBMECs from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the RIP3/MLKL/PGAM5 pathway and MPTP opening to maintain mitochondrial function, thereby providing a scientific basis for the use of EPDM in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-related diseases.

Study of the protective effect of total flavonoids of Dracocephalum moldavica L.On doxorubicin induced injury in HUVECs based on VEGF-B/AMPKa pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of TFDM on doxorubicin-induced endothelial cell injury and its mechanism.Methods Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.Cell morphology was observed by microscope.The changes of LDH, SOD and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by kit method.Cell migration was detected by Transwell assay; Endothelial dysfunction and VEGF-B/AMPKa pathway related protein expression were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with model group, TFDM significantly increased cell viability, improved the morphologic changes of HUVEC induced by DOX, decreased LDH leakage, increased SOD activity, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, promoted endothelial cell migration, and inhibited endothelial cell injury.The results of Western blot showed that com pared with control group TFDM increased the expression levels of non-receptor tyrosine kinase ( Src) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) .increased the phosphorylation level of eNOS, and decreased the expression level of ET-1 protein, thereby inhibiting endothelial dysfunction.The protein expression levels of VEGF-B, NRP1 , VEGFR1 and the ratio of p-AMPKa/AMPKa significantly increased in the administration group.Conclusion TFDM may inhibit doxorubicin-induced endothelial cell injury by activating VEGF-B/AMPKa pathway.

Metabolism characteristics and pharmacological insights of flavonoids based on the intestinal bacteria / 药学学报

The gut microbiota takes part in many in vivo important physiological activities of host, such as the substance metabolism and energy exchange, etc. The interaction between the host and the intestinal microorganisms has attracted scholars' attention. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenol compounds widely found in natural plants, with the bioactive effect of regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation. However, their low bioavailability cause difficulty to clarify the effective substances and the mechanism of flavonoids. Apart from the metabolic effects of liver on flavonoids, recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota can interact with flavonoids. On the one hand, flavonoids can be metabolized by gut microbiota and subsequent metabolites can produce pharmacological activities different from the parent components. On the other hand, flavonoids and their metabolites can in turn regulate the composition and physiological activities of the intestinal flora, which seems to provide a new insight for the research on the effective substances of flavonoids. In this review, we introduced the metabolic characteristics of flavonoids under the actions of intestinal bacteria, and the regulation effects of flavonoids on gut microbiota was also summarized. Meanwhile, the therapeutic effect of flavonoids under the action of intestinal bacteria was discussed.

Research progress of famesyltransferase and its inhibitors in cancer therapy / 中国药理学通报

Famesyltransferase, a membrane-associated protein, catalyzes the addition of the 15-carbon fragment of famesyl diphosphate to the cysteine SH group of the CAAX motif containing protein substrates to regulate the function of target proteins through famesylation. As one of the most important target proteins of FTase, oncogenic forms of Ras mutants have been reportedly involved in more than 30% human cancers, and are known to play critical roles in cancer development and progression. Despite decades of research, Ras inhibitors are so elusive that no therapeutic agents directly targeting Ras mutants have been clinically approved, the primary reason for which is the lack of druggable pockets on the surface of Ras. Therefore, FTase, the main regulator of Ras protein, has gradually become a research hotspot, and many FTase inhibitors have been developed, synthesized and used for the treatment of malignant tumors. In the present review, we briefly describe the regulation of Ras functions by FTase and the role of FTase in cancers, and mainly explore the research progress of FTase inhibitors as a promising strategy for cancer therapy.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorate concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by protecting hepatocytes from apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide, which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which are easy to obtain in a non-invasive manner, show pronounced proliferative and immunomodulatory capacities. AIM: To investigate the protective effects of SHED on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice, and to elucidate the associated regulatory mechanisms. METHODS: We used a ConA-induced acute hepatitis mouse model and an in vitro co-culture system to study the protective effects of SHED on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis, as well as the associated underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: SHED infusion could prevent aberrant histopathological liver architecture caused by ConA-induced infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, tumor necrosis-alpha+, and interferon-gamma+ inflammatory cells. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated in hepatitis mice. SHED infusion could therefore block ConA-induced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevations. Mechanistically, ConA upregulated tumor necrosis-alpha and interferon-gamma expression, which was activated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to induce hepatocyte apoptosis, resulting in acute liver injury. SHED administration protected hepatocytes from ConA-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: SHED alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Our findings could provide a potential treatment strategy for hepatitis.

Role of Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein-1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor-2/Antioxidant Responsive Element Signal Pathway for Multiple Sclerosis (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, mainly due to the activation of the T cells, which makes oxidative stress reaction in brain and leads to demyelination finally. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant responsive element (ARE) signal pathway is one of the most important endogenous antioxidant pathways, which promotes the expression of detoxification enzymes and antioxidant protein to eliminate oxygen free radicals and balance intracellular redox system. Activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE may delay the progression of MS by drugs or rehabilitation.

Local Administration of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Primary Teeth Attenuate Experimental Periodontitis in Mice.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of local injection of stem cells from human exfoliated primary teeth (SHED) on periodontitis in mice. METHODS: Fifteen female mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, periodontitis group and SHED treatment group. A periodontitis model was established by ligating a 0.2 mm orthodontic ligation wire to the maxillary first molar. The SHED group was injected with SHED at 3 weeks post-ligation. All mice were sacrificed and their maxillae were dissected five weeks post-ligation. Clinical assessments, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning, and histologic examination were used to evaluate the outcome of tissue regeneration. RESULTS: Micro-CT analysis showed that SHED administration significantly increased periodontal regeneration and decreased the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest. In addition, histopathological photomicrographs showed new regenerated bone, the number of TNF-α-positive, IFN-γ-positive and CD4+ cells decreased, and osteoclasts-positive decreased in the periodontal defect area in the SHED group compared with the periodontitis group. CONCLUSION: SHED administration suppresses the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibits the production of osteoclasts, and promotes the regeneration of periodontal tissues.

Biomarkers enhance the long-term predictive ability of the KAMIR risk score in Chinese patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is recommended by current ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) guidelines. But it has inherent defects. The present study aimed to investigate the more compatible risk stratification for Chinese patients with STEMI and to determine whether the addition of biomarkers to the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) score could enhance its predictive value for long-term outcomes.@*METHODS@#A total of 1093 consecutive STEMI patients were included and followed up 48.2 months. Homocysteine, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were detected. The KAMIR score and the GRACE score were calculated. The performance between the KAMIR and the GRACE was compared. The predictive power of the KAMIR alone and combined with biomarkers were assessed by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.@*RESULTS@#The KAMIR demonstrated a better risk stratification and predictive ability than the GRACE (death: AUC = 0.802 vs. 0.721, P < 0.001; major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): AUC = 0.683 vs. 0.656, P < 0.001). It showed that the biomarkers could independently predict death [homocysteine: HR = 1.019 (1.015-1.024), P < 0.001; hs-CRP: HR = 1.052 (1.000-1.104), P = 0.018; NT-pro BNP: HR = 1.142 (1.004-1.280), P = 0.021] and MACE [homocysteine: HR = 1.019 (1.015-1.024), P < 0.001; hs-CRP: HR = 1.012 (1.003-1.021), P = 0.020; NT-pro BNP: HR = 1.136 (1.104-1.168), P = 0.006]. When they were used in combination with the KAMIR, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) significantly increased for death [homocysteine: AUC = 0.802 vs. 0.890, Z = 5.982, P < 0.001; hs-CRP: AUC = 0.802 vs. 0.873, Z = 3.721, P < 0.001; NT-pro BNP: AUC = 0.802 vs. 0.871, Z = 2.187, P = 0.047; homocysteine, hs-CRP and NT-pro BNP: AUC = 0.802 vs. 0.940, Z = 6.177, P < 0.001] and MACE [homocysteine: AUC = 0.683 vs. 0.771, Z = 6.818, P < 0.001; hs-CRP: AUC = 0.683 vs. 0.712, Z = 2.022, P = 0.031; NT-pro BNP: AUC = 0.683 vs. 0.720, Z = 2.974, P = 0.003; homocysteine, hs-CRP and NT-pro BNP: AUC = 0.683 vs. 0.789, Z = 6.900, P < 0.001].@*CONCLUSION@#The KAMIR is better than the GRACE in risk stratification and prognosis prediction in Chinese STEMI patients. A combination of above-mentioned biomarkers can develop a more predominant prediction for long-term outcomes.

The influence of self-efficacy on parenting stress among parents of children with malignant solid tumors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of self-efficacy on parenting stress among parents of children with malignant solid tumors. Methods Totally 100 parents of children with malignant solid tumors were investigated and analyzed by using the general questionnaire, parenting stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results The score of general self-efficacy for parents was 1.93±0.54, and the total score of parenting stress was 111.84±13.36. The general self-efficacy and parenting stress scores of parents with malignant solid tumors were significantly negatively correlated with the scores of parental misery, parent-child relationship and difficult children(r=-0.72,-0.65,-0.62-0.55, all P<0.01). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis indicates that the parenting stress was influenced by self-efficacy, the gender of parents, education level and whether or not on position. Conclusions Self-efficacy is one of the most critical influencing factors on parenting stress of parents.A new approach to improve the self-efficacy is to be achieved to reduce the parenting stress level among parents of children with solid tumors.

Survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Sichuan province, 1991-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the survival time of people living with HIV/AIDS and related influencing factors in Sichuan province during 1991-2017.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases. The data were collected from Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System. Life table method was used to calculate the survival proportion of the cases, and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to identify the factors related with survival time.@*Results@#Among 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases a total of 30 420 cases died of AIDS related diseases (21.1%) and the average survival time was 11.51 years (95%CI: 11.39-11.64). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were gender (male vs. female, HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.32-1.40), education level (primary school or below vs. junior middle school: HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.12-1.18), ethnic group (Han vs. other ethnic groups, HR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.41-1.52), occupation (farmer vs. other occupations: HR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.22-1.29), age (≥55 years old vs. 15-24 years old: HR=3.18, 95%CI: 3.02- 3.36), disease phase (AIDS vs. HIV infection: HR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.39-1.48), antiretroviral therapy (ART) (receiving ART vs. receiving no ART: HR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.19-0.20), and CD4+T cell counts at diagnosis (>500 cells/μl vs.<200 cells/μl: HR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.40-0.45).@*Conclusions@#The average survival time of HIV/AIDS cases was 11.51 years in Sichuan during 1991- 2017. The risk factors for the survival of the cases were male, education level of primary school or below, Han ethnic group, farmer, old age at diagnosis, disease phase, The protective factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were receiving ART and higher CD4+ T cell counts at diagnosis.

The influence of self-efficacy on parenting stress among parents of children with malignant solid tumors / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of self-efficacy on parenting stress among parents of children with malignant solid tumors.@*Methods@#Totally 100 parents of children with malignant solid tumors were investigated and analyzed by using the general questionnaire, parenting stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).@*Results@#The score of general self-efficacy for parents was 1.93±0.54, and the total score of parenting stress was 111.84±13.36. The general self-efficacy and parenting stress scores of parents with malignant solid tumors were significantly negatively correlated with the scores of parental misery, parent-child relationship and difficult children (r=-0.72, -0.65, -0.62 -0.55, all P<0.01). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis indicates that the parenting stress was influenced by self-efficacy, the gender of parents, education level and whether or not on position.@*Conclusions@#Self-efficacy is one of the most critical influencing factors on parenting stress of parents.A new approach to improve the self-efficacy is to be achieved to reduce the parenting stress level among parents of children with solid tumors.

An analysis on incidence of HIV-1 epidemics among men who have sex with men in Sichuan Province during 2011-2015 / 中华预防医学杂志

The assay was used in HIV/AIDS surveillance sentinel sites to identify recent HIV-1 infection, to estimate HIV-1 incidence and understand the epidemic trends among men who have sex with men during 2011-2015. During 2011-2015, the HIV-1 incidence of men who have sex with men was 5.16%(95%CI: 4.65%-5.66%) in Sichuan Province. According to<Pilot study on classification criteria of AIDS epidemic in China>, a total of 9 cities had been divided into two type of regions: the first type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for more than 0.1% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 500 cases and above) and the second type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for 0.03% to 0.100% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 100-500 cases). During 2011-2015, the HIV-1 incidence of the second type was 4.24% (95%CI: 3.72%-4.76%). The HIV-1 incidence of men who have sex with men was at a high level. The spread of HIV-1 to the second region was possible.

Activation of M3-mAChR attenuates hypoxia injury induced by CoCl2in rat myocardial cell line H9c2 / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the cytoprotection and mechanism of carbachol(CCH)to stimulate M3mus-carinic acetylcholine receptor(M3-mAChR) against hypoxia injury induced by cobaltous chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2) in rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2. Methods Select the normal rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2 as the control group, rat cardiomyocyte line H9c2 was managed with CoCl2to develop hypoxia injury model, M3-mAChR spe-cific agonist CCH and antagonist 4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine methiodide(4-DAMP) were used for in-tervention. The cell viability was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT); The apoptosis in cardiomyocyte was detected by flow cytomery(FCM); The expression of M3-mAChR,caspase-3, HIF-1α and HO-1 proteins was measured by Western blot assay. Results In hypoxia group,the ap-optosis rate was significantly increased while cell proliferation decreased, the expression of HIF-1α, caspase-3 and HO-1 proteins were up-regulated obviously;After treatment with CCH,the apoptosis and cell proliferation of cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased, while the proliferation of cells increased, and the expression of M3-mAChR, HIF-1α and HO-1 proteins increased, the expression of caspase-3 protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, when applying 4-DAMP as intervention, these effects mediated by CCH was abolished.Conclusions CCH stimulates M3-mAChR against hypoxia injury induced by CoCl2in rat cardiomyocyte strain H9c2, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of caspase-3 expression and up-regulation of HIF-1α and HO-1 protein expression.

Application of total hysterectomy in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the clinical value of total hysterectomy in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicaldata of 283 patients undergoing total hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Changhii Hospital of Second Military Medical University from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2016. Among the patients, 206 cases received loop electrosurgical excision procedure CLEEP) before total hysterectomy (pre-operative LEEP group), 28 only received total hysterectomy directly after colposcopy biopsy (hysterectomy group) and 49 received LEEP during total hysterectomy (intra-operative LEEP group). The changes of pathological grade and the lesion residual rates of the patients before and after operation were compared. The effect of clinicopathological features (age, pregnancy times, partus times, abortion times, menopausal years, pathology, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, tumor family history and so on) on postoperative residual lesion were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The cure rate, lesionresidual rate, pathological downgrade rate and pathological upgrade rate in the pre-operative LEEP group was 35. 92%(74/206), 64. 08%(132/206), 63. 11% (130/ 206) and 3. 88% (8/206), respectively, and two cases with canceration were found. In the hysterectomy group, the consistent rate of pathological diagnosis before and after operation, pathological downgrade rate and pathological upgrade rate were 57. 14%(16/28), 35. 71 %(10/28) and 7 14%(2/28), respectively, and one case with invasive carcinoma was found after operation. The lesion residual rate, pathological downgrading rate and pathologicil upgrading rate in the intra- operative LEEP group were 40. 82% (20/49), 65. 31% (32/49) and 8. 16% (4/49), respectively, and two cases with invasive carcinoma were found after operation. Univariate analysis showed that age and menopausal years were the factors influencing lesion remaining after LEEP (P<0. 05). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with longer menopausal years had lower risk of lesion remaining (P = 0. 02). The pregnancy times, partus times, abortion times, lesion involving glands, positive margins, HPV infection and family history of cancer had no significant effects on postoperative lesion remaining. Conclusion Total hysterectomy plays an important role in preventing the recurrence of cervical precancerous lesion and reducing the incidence of invasive carcinoma. It is suitable for people with few screening opportunities, poor follow-up conditions and no fertility requirements. Patients with high grade intraepithelial lesion who are not menopausalor have short menopausal years need to be followed up more closely and can receive total hysterectomy if necessary.