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BACKGROUND: In response to inflammation and other stressors, tryptophan is catalyzed by Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO), which leads to activation of the kynurenine pathway. Sepsis is a serious condition in which the body responds improperly to an infection, and the brain is the inflammation target in this condition. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if the induction of TDO contributes to the permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), mortality, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, besides long-term behavioral alterations in a preclinical model of sepsis. METHODS: Male Wistar rats with two months of age were submitted to the sepsis model using Cecal Ligation and Perforation (CLP). The rats received allopurinol (Allo, 20 mg/kg, gavage), a TDO inhibitor, or a vehicle once a day for seven days. RESULTS: Sepsis induction increased BBB permeability, IL-6 level, neutrophil infiltrate, nitric oxide formation, and oxidative stress, resulting in energy impairment in 24h after CLP and Allo administration restored these parameters. Regarding memory, Allo restored short-term memory impairment and decreased depressive behavior. However, no change in survival rate was verified. CONCLUSION: In summary, TDO inhibition effectively prevented depressive behavior and memory impairment 10 days after CLP by reducing acute BBB permeability, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial alteration.
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OBJECTIVE: to assess the effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) serum levels in adults assisted in Primary Health Care. METHODS: a pre-experimental pilot clinical trial. Information was obtained from 19 patients using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and analysis of BDNF, NSE and S100B serum levels. RESULTS: the pre-intervention anxiety score in the IDATE-Trait was 52.11±6.691 (CV 12.84%) and the assessment after auriculotherapy was significantly lower (43.72±8.141; CV 18.62%; P=0.0007). S100B levels were significantly reduced after auriculotherapy (from 64.03±72.18 to 54.03±68.53 pg/mL; CV 126.8%; P=0.0023). CONCLUSION: auriculotherapy effectively reduced anxiety levels. It proved to be safe and easy to apply, allowing nurses to perform this technique autonomously. A reduction of S100B was also evidenced, demonstrating possible prevention of neuronal damage.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Adulto , Humanos , Biomarcadores , Ansiedade/terapia , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) serum levels in adults assisted in Primary Health Care. Methods: a pre-experimental pilot clinical trial. Information was obtained from 19 patients using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and analysis of BDNF, NSE and S100B serum levels. Results: the pre-intervention anxiety score in the IDATE-Trait was 52.11±6.691 (CV 12.84%) and the assessment after auriculotherapy was significantly lower (43.72±8.141; CV 18.62%; P=0.0007). S100B levels were significantly reduced after auriculotherapy (from 64.03±72.18 to 54.03±68.53 pg/mL; CV 126.8%; P=0.0023). Conclusion: auriculotherapy effectively reduced anxiety levels. It proved to be safe and easy to apply, allowing nurses to perform this technique autonomously. A reduction of S100B was also evidenced, demonstrating possible prevention of neuronal damage.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da auriculoterapia sobre a ansiedade e os níveis séricos do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), enolase-específica de neurônios (NSE) e proteína ligadora de cálcio S100B (S100B) em adultos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: ensaio clínico piloto pré-experimental. As informações foram obtidas de 19 pacientes por meio do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) e da análise dos níveis séricos de BDNF, NSE e S100B. Resultados: o escore de ansiedade pré-intervenção no IDATE-Traço foi de 52,11±6,691 (CV 12,84%) e a avaliação após a auriculoterapia foi significativamente menor (43,72±8,141; CV 18,62%; P=0,0007). Os níveis de S100B foram significativamente reduzidos após auriculoterapia (de 64,03±72,18 para 54,03±68,53 pg/mL; CV 126,8%; P=0,0023). Conclusão: a auriculoterapia reduziu efetivamente os níveis de ansiedade. Mostrou-se segura e de fácil aplicação, possibilitando ao enfermeiro realizar esta técnica com autonomia. Uma redução de S100B também foi evidenciada, demonstrando possível prevenção de danos neuronais.
RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar los efectos de la auriculoterapia sobre la ansiedad y los niveles séricos de factor neurotrófico derivado de cerebro (BDNF), enolasa-específica de neurona (NSE) y proteína fijadora de calcio S100B (S100B) en adultos atendidos en Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: ensayo clínico piloto preexperimental. Se obtuvo información de 19 pacientes mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI) y análisis de niveles séricos de BDNF, NSE y S100B. Resultados: la puntuación de ansiedad preintervención en el IDATE-Rasgo fue de 52,11±6,691 (CV 12,84%) y la valoración tras la auriculoterapia fue significativamente menor (43,72±8,141; CV 18,62%; P=0,0007). Los niveles de S100B se redujeron significativamente después de la auriculoterapia (de 64,03±72,18 a 54,03±68,53 pg/mL; CV 126,8%; P=0,0023). Conclusión: la auriculoterapia redujo efectivamente los niveles de ansiedad. Demostró ser seguro y fácil de aplicar, lo que permitió a las enfermeras realizar esta técnica de forma autónoma. También se evidenció una reducción de S100B, lo que demuestra una posible prevención del daño neuronal.
