[Isolation and characteristics of anti-adenovirus monoclonal antibodies in immunoenzyme and immunofluorescent reactions]. / Poluchenie i kharakteristika monoklonal'nykh antitel k adenobirusu v immunofermentnykh i immunofluorestsentnykh reaktsiiakh.

New monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to adenovirus hexon, highly active in ELISA and immunofluorescent analysis, were prepared. According to competitive ELISA, new MAbs differed in their blocking activity and were directed to 2 different hexon epitopes. MAb 3H8 did not modify antigen binding of the rest MAbs labeled with peroxidase (PAb x Pox), and none of unlabeled MAbs suppressed the reaction of MAb x Pox 3H8. MAbs 1E8 7F1, 1E11, and 3B1 reacted with each other but differed by the spectrum and level of competitive inhibition, which indicated that they were directed to different epitopes of adenovirus hexon. Comparison of the specific activity of MAbs 7F1 and 1E8 in direct immunofluorescent detection of adenovirus antigens in infected cell cultures and clinical materials from patients showed a good coincidence (90-97%) of the results with the IMAGEN Adenovirus test (Dako) and with polyclonal FITC conjugates to adenovirus hexon.

[Genetic predisposition to latent influenza A virus in children with blood type B(III) as a possible cause of new epidemiologic strains in the countries of South-Eastern Asia]. / Geneticheskaia predraspolozhennost detei s gruppoi krovi B(III) k latentnomu nositelstvu virusov grippa A - vozmozhnaia prichina vozniknoveniia novykh épidemicheskikh shtammov v stranakh Iugo- Vostochnoi Azii.

Regular clinical and epidemiological surveys of two groups of healthy 14-16-year-old boys were carried out for 3 years from September 1989 to May 1992 to investigate the latent circulation of influenza A viruses in the human population. Once or twice a quarter clinical materials were laboratorily studied to detect virus antigens, virus-specific NA-sequences and to determine changes in humoral immunity. The latent circulation of influenza A viruses might be identified in 10-20% of cases long before (2-4 months) the onset of epidemic development. The incidence of epidemic isolations was found to reach 33-36%, gradually decreasing from 29 to 9 or 3.5% in the postepidemic period. The long-term persistence (for 5 months) of virus antigens was reported among healthy children who had chiefly blood group B(III). The new hypothesis that the genetic predisposition of children with blood group B(III) to latent persistence of influenza A viruses may be a possible cause of the emergence of new epidemic strains in the South-East Asian countries has been forwarded.

[Influenza A virus antigens in children with congenital pathology of central nervous system]. / Nositelstvo antigenov virusa grippa A u detei s vrozhdennoi patologiei tsentralnoi nervnoi sistemy.

The latent circulation of influenza A virus in nursing home children with congenital central nervous abnormality was studied during 1989-1993 by the present-day diagnostic methods for detection of viral antigens. The influenza A virus antigen detection rates correlated with age, genetic predisposition, prior acute respiratory diseases in mothers during their pregnancy. There is evidence for long-term (up to 17 months) detection of influenza virus antigens in nasal secretions, as well as for prolonged (up to 7 months) detection of the same genomic sequences of HA gene both in leukocytes and nasal washes.

[The results of using the molecular hybridization of nucleic acids in the complex study of nasopharyngeal smears from patients with influenza and other acute respiratory diseases]. / Rezul'taty ispol'zovaniia molekuliarnoi gibridizatsii nukleinovykh kislot v kompleksnom issledovanii nosoglotochnykh smyvov ot bol'nykh grippom i drugimi ostrymi respiratornymi zabolevaniiami.

A complex study of samples obtained from patients with influenza and other acute respiratory diseases has revealed that the laboratory methods used in this study can be rated in the following order according to their sensitivity: isolation of the virus in chick embryos, analysis of seroconversions in the hemagglutination inhibition test, immunofluorescent determination of viral antigens, determination of viral antigens by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), detection of RNA-containing viral structures by means of molecular hybridization. From the point of view of the possibility of documenting influenza A in patients, the best results are achieved by the combination of molecular hybridization and EIA techniques: 90% and more of all cases. A rational scheme for the examination of samples obtained from patients with a view to epidemiological study, including both traditional and new rapid diagnostic methods, is proposed.

Energy metabolism and ion fluxes across cardiac membranes.

The possible role of the intracellular creatine kinase system in energy transport and in the metabolic control of ion fluxes across the cardiac cell membranes has been studied. The experimental data reported indicate that creatine kinases bound to the sarcolemmal membrane and to the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum are coupled to Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, respectively, and ensure rapid rephosphorylation of ADP produced in the ATPase reactions, maintaining a high and constant ATP:ADP ratio near the active centers of ATPases. The ability of creatine phosphate to increase the rate of activator calcium entry across the surface membrane into cardiac cells has been experimentally demonstrated. It is concluded that the intracellular creatine kinase system can exert metabolic control of heart muscle contraction.

The localization of the MM isozyme of creatine phosphokinase on the surface membrane of myocardial cells and its functional coupling to ouabain-inhibited (Na+, K+)-ATPase.

A rat heart plasma membrane preparation isolated in a sucrose medium and some of its enzymatic properties have been investigated. It has been shown that a rat heart plasma membrane fraction contains high creatine phosphokinase activity which can not be diminished by repeated washing with sucrose solution. Creatine phosphokinase extracted from a plasma membrane fraction with potassium chloride and 0.01% deoxycholate solution is electrophoretically identical to MM isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase. Under the conditions where (Na+,K+)-ATPase is activated by addition of Na+, K+ and MgATP, creatine phosphokinase of plasma membrane fraction is able to maintain a low ADP concentration in the medium if creatine phosphate is present. The rate of creatine release is dependent upon MgATP concentration in accordance with the kinetic parameters of the (Na+,K+)-ATPase and is significantly inhibited by ouabain (0.5 mM). The rate of creatine release is also dependent on creatine phosphate concentration in conformance with the kinetic parameters of MM isozyme of creatine phosphokinase. It is concluded that in intact heart cells the plasma membrane creatine phosphokinase may ensure effective utilization of creatine phosphate for immediate rephosphorylation of ADP produced in the (Na+,K+)-ATPase reaction.

[The functional coupling between MM isozyme of creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2.) and MgATPase of myofibrils and (Na, K)ATPase of plasma membrane in heart cells]. / Funktsional'noe soprazhenie MM-izofermenta kreatinfosfokinazy s Mg-ATPazoi miofibrill i Na, K-ATPazoi plazmaticheskoi membrany sepdechnykh kletok

The functional role of particulate MM isozyme of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) bound to heart myofibrils has been studied. It has been shown that in the presence of heart myofibrils and MgATP creatine phosphate can be used to rephosphorylate ADP formed in the MgATPase reaction. The rate of creatine phosphate splitting is determined by the kinetic properties of myofibrillar MgATPase and by the kinetic parameters of myofibrillar CPK. It has been found that a purified heart plasma membrane preparation contains high CPK activity. CPK isozyme bound to plasma membrane of heart cells is identical to MM isozyme of CPK and is able to rephosphorylate effectively ADP, formed in the (Na K)ATPase reaction. The rate of creatine phosphate splitting in these coupled reactions is sensitive to ouabain and is determined by the kinetic parameters both of the (Na, K)ATPase and plasma membrane CPK. The results obtained indicate the important role of myofibrillar and plasma membrane CPK in the intracellular energy transport processes.

[Mechanism of regulation of themitochondrial creatine phosphokinase reaction by magnewium ions]. / Mekhanizm reguliatsii mitokhondrial'noi kreatinfosfokinaznoi reaktsii ionami magniia

The method of mathematical modelling and kynetic analysis was used to study the mechanism of the regulatory effect of magnesium ions on the creatinephosphokinase reaction in cardiac mitochondria. The regulatory effect of magnesium was shown to originate from the competition between ATP and ADP and the magnesium-complex-formation reaction, and the actual regulator proves to be MgADP. On the basis of the data obtained it is postulated that creatinephosphokinase in cardiac mitochondria is functionally connected with ATP-ADP-translocase. The obtained data permit to believe that the mitochondrial cratinephosphokinase is one of the key links in the process of energy transport in the cardiac cells.

[Functional characterization of the creatine phosphokinase reactions in heart mitochondria and myofibrils]. / Funktsional'naia kharakteristika kreatinfosfokinaznykh reaktsii, sviazannykh s mitokhondriiami i miofibrillami serdtsa

The kinetic properties of MM-isozyme of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) bound to heart myofibrils have been determined experimentally. It has been shown that CPK isozymes bound to the heart myofibrils and mitochondria are electrophoretically different, but have very similar kinetic properties. For both isozymes the ATP formation reaction is preferable. However, in heart mitochondria the kinetic properties of CPK are compensated for by a tight functional coupling with ATP-ADP translocase. Due to this coupling the ATP formed in the course of oxidative phosphorylation can be used completely for creatine phosphate production in mitochondria. On the other hand, the kinetic properties of myofibrillar CPK isozyme are such that they provide for the effective utilization of creatine phosphate produced in mitochondria for rephosphorylation of AKP formed in the myofibrils during contraction. It is concluded that in the heart cells energy can be transferred from the mitochondria to the myofibrils by creatine phosphate molecules.