Acute and long-term effects of trophic exposure to silver nanospheres in the central nervous system of a neotropical fish Hoplias intermedius.

Nanotechnologies are at the center of societal interest, due to their broad spectrum of application in different industrial products. The current concern about nanomaterials (NMs) is the potential risks they carry for human health and the environment. Considering that NMs can reach bodies of water, there is a need for studying the toxic effects of NMs on aquatic organisms. Among the NMs' toxic effects on fish, the interactions between NMs and the nervous system are yet to be understood. For this reason, our goal was to assess the neurotoxicity of polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanospheres [AgNS (PVP coated)] and compare their effects in relation to silver ions (Ag+) in carnivorous Hoplias intermedius fish after acute and subchronic trophic exposure through the analysis of morphological (retina), biochemical (brain) and genetic biomarkers (brain and blood). For morphological biomarkers, damage by AgNS (PVP coated) in retina was found, including morphological changes in rods, cones, hemorrhage and epithelium rupture, and also deposition of AgNS (PVP coated) in retina and sclera. In the brain biomarkers, AgNS (PVP coated) did not disturb acetylcholinesterase activity. However, lowered migration of the DNA tail in the Comet Assay of blood and brain cells was observed for all doses of AgNS (PVP coated), for both acute and subchronic bioassays, and in a dose-dependent manner in acute exposure. Ag+ also reduced the level of DNA damage only under subchronic conditions in the brain cells. In general, the results demonstrated that AgNS (PVP coated) do not cause similar effects in relation to Ag+. Moreover, the lowered level of DNA damage detected by Comet Assay suggests that AgNS (PVP coated) directly interacts with DNA of brain and blood cells, inducing DNA-DNA or DNA-protein crosslinks. Therefore, the AgNS (PVP coated) accumulating, particularly in the retina, can lead to a competitive disadvantage for fish, compromising their survival.

Cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de mama. A propósito de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura / No disponible

Objetivo: Los carcinomas productores de mucina constituyenuna entidad poco frecuente dentro de las neoplasias primariasde mama, siendo el carcinoma mucinoso (o coloide) elmás frecuente (2% del total de carcinomas mamarios). Dentrode este grupo, el cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso es una entidadexcepcional de la que se han publicado 8 casos. Se tratade lesiones de pronóstico favorable que deben ser diferenciadasde otras lesiones mucoproductoras de mama, así como demetástasis de cistoadenocarcinomas de otras localizaciones.Casos clínicos: Presentamos dos nuevos casos de dos mujeresde 79 y 69 años que fueron biopsiadas y posteriormenteintervenidas en nuestro centro.Histológicamente el cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso demama se presenta como una tumoración constituida por glándulasirregulares dilatadas revestidas por un epitelio cilíndrico,con abundante contenido mucinoso tanto en su interior comoextravasado y frecuente componente ductal in situ circundante,lo que permite diferenciarlos de otras lesiones mucoproductoras.Desde el punto de vista inmunohistoquímico suelenser negativos para HER2, p53 y receptores hormonales ymuestran expresión intensa y difusa de CK7 y ausencia deCK20, lo que facilita el diagnóstico diferencial con lesionesmetastáticas de otras localizaciones.Conclusiones: A pesar de su rareza, el cistoadenocarcinomamucinoso de mama es una neoplasia de buen pronóstico(sólo se han publicado 2 casos con afectación ganglionar yninguna muerte por enfermedad). Es importante tenerlo encuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones mamarias mucinosastanto primarias como metastáticas, especialmenteante material escaso, como es el caso en las PBAG(AU)

Objective: Mucin producer carcinomas of the breast arequite unusual among primary breast tumors, being mucinouscarcinoma (colloid carcinoma) the most frequent (2% of allmammary carcinomas), In this group, mucinous cystadenocarcinomais an exceptional neoplasia with only 8 cases reported.Because of its favorable outcome, it must be differentiatedfrom other mucin producers lesions of the breast as well asfrom metastatic cystadenocarcinomas of other locations.Case reports: We present two new cases, a 79 and 69-years old women who underwent a core biopsy and a lumpectomyin our institution.Mammary mucinous cystadenocarcinomas appear as irregularexpanded glands with tall epithelium and abundant mucinintra and extracellular and foci of DCIS, which helps to differentiatethem from other mucin producers lesions of the breast.Immunohistochemical studies reveal an absence of HER2,p53, hormonal receptors and CK20 but an intense and diffuseexpression of CK7, which facilitates the differential diagnosiswith metastatic neoplasms.Conclusions: Even if mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of thebreast is a very unusual entity, it is a neoplasia with a goodoutcome (only 2 cases with lymph node involvement and nodeath by disease have been published). It is important to haveit in mind, especially when the material is poor (e.g. core biopsyspecimens)(AU)

Pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a breast mass: imaging findings in three patients.

The authors review the mammographic, ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in each of three patients with a breast tumor corresponding to the characteristics of pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). Imaging findings are indistinguishable from those of the more common type of fibroadenoma, and they are categorised as BIRADS type 3 lesions (probably benign lesions). Their benign condition and behaviour compared with other similar cases, allows the recommendation that surgical excision be avoided, and the patients monitored with periodic follow-up. The diagnosis can be confidently established by sampling with a breast core biopsy in the case of any doubt about whether the lesion is benign if the patient is anxious.

Fibromatosis agresiva de localización mamaria: una rara entidad / Aggressive fibromatosis of the breast: a rare entity

Presentamos 2 pacientes con un tumor mamario cuyo diagnóstico, tras su extirpación quirúrgica, ha sido el de fibromatosis agresiva de localización mamaria. Es característica la falta de microcalcificaciones en la mamografía, y el diagnóstico suele realizarse tras la extirpación de la tumoración. El tratamiento de elección es la exéresis quirúrgica amplia del tumor. El estudio patológico pone de manifiesto una proliferación de células fibroblásticas sin atipia ni mitosis, que se organizan en fascículos largos o haces que rodean los lobulillos y conductos lobulillares. En cuanto a la evolución clínica, la característica más importante es la alta tendencia a la recidiva (AU)

Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy of pleura. Study of reference, exposed non-pneumoconiotic, and silicotic populations.

Inorganic element content in pleura and lung was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in reference, exposed non-pneumoconiotic, and silicotic populations. Samples of parietal pleura, visceral pleura, and lung in 11 subjects with no measurable exposure to inorganic dust and of visceral pleura and lung samples of 10 exposed non-pneumoconiotic individuals and eight silicotic patients were examined. Constant depositions of silicon and calcium were detected in visceral pleura, parietal pleura, and lung of the reference group and in visceral pleura and lung of the exposed non-pneumoconiotic and silicotic groups. Other elements, such as aluminum and iron, were also detected in the exposed non-pneumoconiotic and silicotic patients and, less frequently, in the reference group. There was no difference in silicon content between parietal and visceral pleura in the reference group. Silicon content in silicotic patients was higher and more irregularly distributed in the pleura (p = 0.005 and p < 0.01, respectively) and in the lung (p = 0.005 and p < 0.01, respectively) than in the reference group. Comparison of the silicon content in pleura between silicotic and exposed non-pneumoconiotic subjects showed a nonsignificant probability of difference (p = 0.052), whereas there were no differences with respect to the silicon content in lung. There were no differences in the pleural and lung silicon content between the exposed non-pneumoconiotic and reference groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)