RESUMO
Tuberculosis in the HIV infected becomes an urgent problem the phthisiologists of Saint Petersburg face. The test using tuberculin in a dose of 2 TE remains the most informative method for determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) infection in HIV-affected persons. It is a more information method than the Mantoux reaction using 5 TE. The diagnostic value of enzyme immunoassay employing tuberculous antigen is low in the persons infected MBT and HIV. There is evidence for the effectiveness of prophylactic double (isonizid and ethambutol) component courses against the development of tuberculosis for those infected with MBT and HIV.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Antígenos de Bactérias/análise , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , HIV , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose/complicaçõesRESUMO
Countries of the former Soviet Union are experiencing an emerging HIV-1 epidemic due to a rapid expansion of HIV-1 among injecting drug users (IDUs). To study the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among IDUs in St. Petersburg, Russia, virus sequences were obtained from 22 individuals. Phylogenetic analysis of the env and gag regions revealed circulation of two major HIV-1 populations, one belonging to HIV-1 subtype A, and another being a recombinant of subtype A and B viruses (gagA/envB). Both virus populations were highly homogeneous, with a mean pairwise genetic distance of <2%, and similar to viruses obtained earlier from IDUs in other regions of the former Soviet Union. Distribution of the two major HIV-1 genotypes in St. Petersburg correlated with geographical origin of infections. In one individual, a virus type previously unseen among IDUs was found, which demonstrates the possibility that new viruses are entering this risk group.